Endocrine System: Notes
The endocrine system works with the _____ _____ _____. The nervous system controls the _____ of some hormones. Hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal gland) are able to _____ or _____ the initiation of nerve impulses. The endocrine system has an effect that is _____ but ______ lasting than the nervous system.
autonomic nervous system; release; stimulate; inhibit; slower; longer
Eicosanoids are released from cells in response to _____ or _____ stimulation
chemical; mechanical
Steroid hormones are derived from _____ and produced by the ____ of the adrenal gland, _____ and the testis
cholesterol; cortex; ovary
Hormones are released directly into the _____ _____. Each hormone is _____ in its function
circulatory system; specific
Amino acid based hormones are the most _____ type of hormone
common
Thyroid hormones do not attach to _____ receptor, instead they diffuse not the nucleus and bind _____ to their receptor then the _____ segment
cytoplasmic; directly; DNA
Steroid hormones _____ through the cell's membrane and combine with _____ _____ found in the cytoplasm. Then it enters the _____; binds to a DNA segment and _____ or inactivates specific genes
diffuse; intracellular receptor; nucleus; activates
The endocrine system consists of _____ glands and some _____ tissues
ductless; diffused
The endocrine system helps the body respond to ______ _____ that might result in trauma or stress
external change
Eicosanoids are derived from _____ _____ associated with excel membranes of all cells except _____ blood cells
fatty acids; red
Steroid hormones directly influences _____ _____ thereby influencing _____ synthesis
gene transcription; protein
Tissues involved produce signaling molecules called ____
hormones
Eicosanoids are rapidly _____
inactivated
Paracrines stimulate _____ cells
neighboring
Amino acid based hormones are made up of _____ and _____ which means that they are _____ soluble
protein; peptides; water
Leukotrienes help with the _____ system by inflammation
respiratory
Amines are small, _____ molecules derived from the amino acid _____. Their action is similar to _____ hormones
simple; tyrosine; protein
Eicosanoids influence the action of _____ muscle
smooth
Thyroid hormones act like _____ hormones rather than ____ ____ based hormones
steroid; amino acid
Eicosanoids bind to the _____ receptor like amino acid based hormones
surface
Prostaglandins promote _____ and stimulates smooth muscles contractions, particularly in the uterus
inflammation
The endocrine system is primarily concerned with _____ _____. It coordinates _____ _____ (gamete production and release), maintains _____ (stabilizes blood levels of calcium and sugar), controls ______ and _____, and regulates _____ processes (the utilization of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids)
internal control; body activities; homeostasis; growth; development; metabolic
Autocrines stimulate _____
itself
Eicosanoids are hormone like, _____ signaling molecules. They are not _____ hormones and do not enter the _____ _____.
local; true; blood stream
Amino acid based bind to the receptors on their target cell's _____
membrane