Endocrine system PrepU Pathophysiology
hypothryoidism
An infant whose mother had myxedema during the pregnancy has failed to meet standards for growth and is developmentally delayed. Which hormonal imbalance is this child exhibiting?
growth hormone (GH)
Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland?
stimulation testing
A client has received an injection containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and is now being assessed for serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which type of diagnostic testing is this client undergoing?
the hypothalamic-pituitary-target cell system
A client undergoing an evaluation of hormone levels asks, "What regulates the hormone levels?" Which response by the nurse would be considered most accurate?
prolactin
A client with a history of brain tumors that resulted in partial removal of the pituitary gland years ago expresses concern to the health care provider about whether she will be able to breast-feed her infant. Which physiologic function of the pituitary gland facilitates breast milk production?
tumors located on the endocrine glands
A client with many nonspecific complaints has been ordered a positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for evaluation of:
a single hormone can act on not only one process or organ but often on several different processes.
A nurse who works in the office of an endocrinologist is orienting a new staff member. Which teaching point should the nurse include in the orientation?
acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) performs which role in the functioning of the endocrine system?
increased hormone level according to a negative feedback mechanism.
Following a meal, a client's blood glucose level has increased. In addition, the client's pancreas has increased the amount of insulin produced and released. Which phenomenon has occurred?
hypothalamus
Release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are mainly regulated by which part of the body?
the thyroid is responsible for increasing metabolic rate
The nurse is teaching a client who has been newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism about the function of the thyroid. Which statement about the role of the thyroid gland is most accurate?
anterior pituitary gland
When discussing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with students, the instructor will emphasize that these hormones are under the control of:
Stimulation of sensors in the hypothalamus, stimulation of sensors in the anterior pituitary gland, decrease in secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone, and increased levels of thyroid hormone.
Which events are involved in the negative feedback mechanism that keeps the serum thyroid hormone level within appropriate range? Select all that apply.
the increase of prolactin secretion that occurs more frequently with more frequent breast feeding.
Which physiologic process best exemplifies a positive feedback mechanism?