Endocrine

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? PRL LH MSH ACTH TSH

MSH

Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? thymus suprarenal gland thyroid gland parathyroid gland pituitary gland

thyroid gland

Hormones produced by the ________ are derived from molecules to which iodine atoms have been attached. thymus thyroid gland adrenal glands pancreas parathyroid glands

thyroid gland

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is parathyroid hormone. cortisol. thymosin. growth hormone. vasopressin.

vasopressin.

The hormone leptin is secreted by (the) ________. kidneys anterior pituitary adipose tissue pancreas hypothalamus

adipose tissue

In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli. membrane cellular hormonal neural humoral

humoral

The hormone oxytocin reduces uterine contractions. regulates blood pressure. is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex. governs the ovarian cycle. stimulates melanocytes in the skin

is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex.

The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of releasing and inhibiting hormones. altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary. gap junctions. direct mechanical control. neural axons, directly.

neural axons, directly.

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called releasing hormones. regulating hormones. permissive hormones. stimulating hormones. synergistic hormones.

releasing hormones.

Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________. G-proteins first messengers exocrine cells second messengers target cells

target cells

The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the hypothalamus. thyroid gland. pancreas. suprarenal glands. thymus.

hypothalamus.

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is MSH. FSH. LH. TSH. ACTH.

ACTH

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in order to be released? ADH FSH renin oxytocin calcitonin

FSH

Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are ADH and ACTH. GH and TSH. FSH and LH. PRL and OT. ADH and OT.

FSH and LH.

Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH. In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division. GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood. GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins.

GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.

The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is ACTH. FSH. LH. TSH. GH.

LH

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? ACTH MSH PRL TSH LH

MSH

A rise in glucocorticoid levels causes which of the following? a decline in the production of both ACTH and CRH a decline in the production of ACTH and a rise in CRH a rise in the production of TRH and TSH a rise in the production of both ACTH and CRH a rise in the production of ACTH and a decline in CRH

a decline in the production of both ACTH and CRH

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the anterior pituitary. thymus gland. posterior pituitary. suprarenal gland. testes.

anterior pituitary.

Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the suprarenal gland. testes. anterior pituitary. posterior pituitary. thymus gland.

anterior pituitary.

Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary? melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) growth hormone (GH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Steroid hormones include pancreatic hormones. are structurally similar to cholesterol. are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. are proteins. are the largest class of hormones.

are structurally similar to cholesterol.

Steroid hormones cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. function by way of a second messenger system. bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. function by activating cAMP. bind to intracellular receptors

bind to intracellular receptors

The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by the hypothalamus. thyroid hormone. blood calcium ion levels. cellular oxygen consumption. TSH

blood calcium ion levels.

An important second messenger in hormonal action is insulin. calcium. cAMP. glucagon. calcitriol.

cAMP

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood. calcitonin parathyroid hormone cortisol thymosin aldosterone

calcitonin

Generally, the actions of hormones do not affect homeostasis. can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system. are faster to react than the nervous system.

can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.

All hormones are cholesterol based. chemical messengers. steroids. proteins. inorganic compounds.

chemical messengers.

Peptide hormones are derived from arachidonic acid. released by the reproductive organs. composed of chains of amino acids. chemically related to cholesterol. lipids.

composed of chains of amino acids.

This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. pituitary dwarfism exophthalmos gigantism diabetes mellitus diabetes insipidus

diabetes insipidus

Diabetes insipidus is caused by decreased levels of insulin. increased numbers of ADH receptors. increased levels of ADH. decreased numbers of insulin receptors. failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.

Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? insulin prolactin growth hormone follicle-stimulating hormone thyroxine

follicle-stimulating hormone

Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the infundibulum. hypophysis. hypothalamic axons. hypophyseal portal system. thymus.

hypophyseal portal system.

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. cerebellum thyroid thalamus hypothalamus brain stem

hypothalamus

Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. thyroid brain stem hypothalamus thalamus cerebellum

hypothalamus

Cyclic AMP often causes activation of phosphodiesterase. kinase enzymes. steroids. myosin kinase. calcium ion channels.

kinase enzymes.

Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? melatonin ADH prolactin oxytocin growth hormone

melatonin

Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by body temperature. positive feedback. negative feedback. the quantity of circulating hormone. cellular demands.

negative feedback.

The posterior pituitary gland secretes oxytocin (OT). adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

oxytocin (OT).

The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is parathyroid hormone. oxytocin. thyroid hormone. glucagon. calcitonin.

parathyroid hormone.

Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins? steroid hormones thyroid hormones peptide hormones prostaglandins eicosanoids

peptide hormones

Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as polyphagia. polydipsia. diabetes mellitus. polymyositis. polyuria.

polyuria.

The endocrine system relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells. produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. is regulated mainly by positive feedback. is not involved in homeostasis. releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.

relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.

Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? epinephrine and norepinephrine peptide hormones steroid hormones oxytocin amino acid derivatives

steroid hormones

Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? peptide hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine amino acid derivatives steroid hormones oxytocin

steroid hormones

Normal production of hormones from which gland establishes the background notes of cellular metabolism? pineal thymus pancreas parathyroid thyroid

thyroid

Normal production of hormones from which gland establishes the background notes of cellular metabolism? thymus parathyroid thyroid pineal pancreas

thyroid

Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands. hypothalamus. thyroid gland. pancreas. anterior pituitary.

thyroid gland.

Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. lysine. glycine. leucine. thyronine.

tyrosine

Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? hypothalamus anterior pituitary thyroid posterior pituitary suprarenal gland

hypothalamus

Generally, the actions of hormones 1 do not affect homeostasis. 2 tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system. 3 can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. 4 are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. 5 are faster to react than the nervous system.

3 can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.