Energy and Work

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Thermal

A measure of the total kinetic energy in a substance's atoms.

LEDS

Convert almost all electrical energy to light.

Energy Efficiency

Measure of usable energy after a conversion.

Open Systems

Most systems are ___ _____ and exchange energy with the space that surround them.

Energy

The ability to do work or the ability to cause change.

Nuclear

The nucleus of an atom is the source of ______ energy.

Thermal

Also caused by friction (two objects rubbing against each other)

Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, although it may be transferred or transformed.

Unwanted

Energy conversions may produce _______ forms of energy.

Mechanical

Energy due to an objects ability to move.

Desired; Undesired

Energy may be split between the _________ (usually some form of work) and __________ energy (heat or friction).

Electrical

Energy produced by electrons moving through a substance.

Sound

Energy produced when an object is made to vibrate.

Chemical

Energy stored in the chemical composition of matter.

Open System

Ex. Earth.

LEDS

Ex. Hybrid cars increase the fuel efficiency in cars.

Mechanical

Ex. Moving your textbook from your backpack to your desk.

Chemical

Ex. Striking a match, combining vinegar, and baking soda to form CO2 gas, breaking light sticks releases ________ energy.

Electromagnetic

Ex. light, gamma rays, x-rays, UV, infrared, radio, and microwaves.

Sound

Ex. voices, whistles, horns, and musical instruments can produce _______ energy.

Elastic Potential Energy

F= -kx (F=N; x=m; k=N/m)

Electromagnetic

Form of energy that can be reflected or emitted from objects through electrical or magnetic waves traveling through space.

Gravitational Potential Energy

GPE=mgh (GPE=J; M=kg; g=9.8 m/s^2; h=m)

Displacement

In order for a force to qualify as having done work, there must be a ____ and the force must have caused the _______.

Kinetic Energy

KE=1/2mv^2 (KE=J; M=kg; V=m/s)

Kinetic Energy

Speed has a greater effect on the amount of ________ than mass.

Elastic Potential Energy

Springs are a special instance of a device that can store _________ _________ _________- by compressing and stretching.

Energy Conversions

Technology can improve the efficiency of ______ ________.

Elastic Potential Energy

The amount of ______ _______ _______ stored is related to the amount of stretch of the object; the more stretch the more energy.

Gravitational Potential Energy

The energy due to an objects position above the earth's surface.

Closed System

The energy flow out of a system is small enough to be ignored.

Chemical Potential Energy

The energy store in a substance, such as sugars or fats, due to its chemical composition.

Elastic Potential Energy

The energy stored in elastic materials, such as rubber bands and springs, as the result of their stretching or compressing.

Kinetic Energy

The faster an object moves, the more ________ it has.

Kinetic Energy

The greater mass of the moving object has the more ______ it has.

Thermal

The internal motion of atoms is called _____ because moving particles produce heat.

Mass; Gravitational Potential Energy

The more _______ and object has the greater ________ ________ ___________

Height; Gravitational Potential Energy

The more __________ that an object is elevated, the greater the _______ ________ ________.

Kinetic and Potential

The most common energy conversion is between ________ and ___________.

Mechanical

The sum total of kinetic and potential energy.

Gravitational Potential Energy; Height

There is a also a direct relation between ____ _______ ________ and the ____ of an object.

Gravitational Potential Energy; Mass

There is a direct relation between _________ __________ __________ and the ______ of an object.

Work

This is what happens when a force acts on an object to cause displacement of the object.

Hooke's Law

This law states that the force needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance is proportional to that distance.

Work

W= Fd (w=J; F=N; d=m)

Energy and Matter

What makes up the universe?

Hooke's Law

When the load does not exceed the elastic limit, the material is said to obey Hooke's Law.

Nuclear

When the nucleus splits (fission), _______ energy is released in the form of heat and light energy.

Thermal

_____ energy causes changes in temperature and phase of any for of matter.

Electrical

_____ energy lights our homes, run motors, and makes out TVs and IPod work.

Kinetic Energy

_____ is determined by an object or organism's mass and speed.

Matter; Energy

_____ is substance, and _______is the mover of the substance.

Nuclear

______ energy is also released when nuclei collide at high speeds and join (fusion).

Sound

______ energy travels out as waves in all directions.

Kinetic Energy

______ is the energy of motion.

Sound

______ needs a medium to travel through, such as air, water, wood, and even metal.

Nuclear

_______ energy is the most concentrated form of energy.

Potential Energy

_______ is energy that is stored in an object as a result of its position, shape, or chemical composition.


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