Energy in the 21st Century Test #1

True or False: The fossil fuels that we use today were formed hundreds of years ago

False

What has allowed unconventional oil and gas plays to be economically* developed in the U.S.?

Fracking and horizontal drilling

What are the three main components driving the electric system?

Generation, Distribution and Transmission

According to 'Boomtown', which oil man is credited with starting the shale revolution?

George Mitchell

What does Scott Tinker warn may be a consequence of drilling in more challenging environments?

Increased risks of accidents like the Deep Water Horizon

According to 'How the Electricity Grid Works', what are the four components of the energy grid in the U.S.?

Individual generators, Transmission lines, Distribution and ! Consumer use or 'load'

What are three primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S.?

Industry, Electricity production and Transportation

Where was the first large-scale natural gas province to be developed in the U.S. using new technology?

Bakken Field

What are potential hazards of an interconnected and complex electrical grid?

Blackouts due to human error, Blackouts due to severe weather and Blackouts due to cyber attack

What is Bethany McLean's view on the shale boom? (Boomtown, episode 9)

'Drill thoughtfully and profitably so that more people benefit from America's resources for longer, and it isn't only executives getting a payday.'

From Magoon and Beaumont: why are sedimentary basins important in the location of petroleum reservoirs?

'The essential elements of a petroleum system are deposited in sedimentary basins'

According to Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air, what is the standard efficiency of a coal power station?

37%

What is Russia's total proven natural gas reserve (in tcf) as of 2019?

38

According to Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air, about how much energy per day is consumed by driving a car?

40 kWh

From Magoon and Beaumont: what are the three important temporal aspects of petroleum systems?

Age, Critical moment and Preservation time

The 1973-1974 OPEC oil embargo resulted in which of the following?

Daylight Savings time

How are global CO2 concentrations measured? (select all that apply)

Directly in Hawaii from 1958 to present, Air trapped in ice cores up to 1977

Which country is NOT a member of OPEC?

Egypt

Between 1859 and the early 20th century, oil was considered to be a worthless by-product of a more valuable liquid hydrocarbon, used to light lamps in place of whale oil. What was this valuable liquid?

Kerosene

According to Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air, what is the equivalent energy cost of flying once a year?

Leaving a 1 kW electric fire on for 8760 hours

What are the six criteria pollutants?

NOx, SOx, O3, CO, PM 2.5 and 10, and Pb

What does 'unconventional' indicate when discussing oil and gas reservoirs?

Oil or gas that is trapped in impermeable rocks

What are the 4 main natural gases? Select all that apply

Propane, Butane, Methane and Ethane

What are the benefits to an interconnected and complex electrical grid?

Reliability, Flexibility and Economic Competition

Research firm IHS Markit predicts three scenarios for the future of energy and energy economics: [ Select ] ["Independence", "Rivalry", "Peaceful transition"] , [ Select ] ["Competition", "Autonomy", "Uncertainty"] , and [ Select ] ["Vertigo", "Chaos", "Techno-utopia"]

Rivalry, Autonomy and Vertigo

Which country leads the world in natural gas reserves (tcf; as of 2019)?

Russia

The two main drivers of the negative oil price on April 20th, 2020 were [ Select ] ["Saudi-Russia price war", "Deep Water Horizon rig explosion and oil leak", "U.S. overproduction"] and [ Select ] ["Greta Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion protests", "COVID19 Pandemic", "Russian annexation of Crimea"]

Saudi-Russia price war and COVID19 pandemic

What are three solutions for current issues surrounding energy supply and demand?

Self-programming thermostats, Energy storage technologies and Distributed generation

According to 'Boomtown', where did the Texas oil boom officially begin?

Spindletop

What sector consumes the largest amount of oil?

Transportation

Which country is currently the largest produce of natural gas?

U.S.

Carnot efficiency provides an [ Select ] ["Lower", "Arbitrary", "Upper"] limit on energy efficiency and demonstrates the [ Select ] ["First", "Third", "Second"] law of thermodynamics

Upper and Second

To measure energy, scientists and engineers often use

joules or calories, although other units also exist