Energy in the 21st Century Test #1
True or False: The fossil fuels that we use today were formed hundreds of years ago
False
What has allowed unconventional oil and gas plays to be economically* developed in the U.S.?
Fracking and horizontal drilling
What are the three main components driving the electric system?
Generation, Distribution and Transmission
According to 'Boomtown', which oil man is credited with starting the shale revolution?
George Mitchell
What does Scott Tinker warn may be a consequence of drilling in more challenging environments?
Increased risks of accidents like the Deep Water Horizon
According to 'How the Electricity Grid Works', what are the four components of the energy grid in the U.S.?
Individual generators, Transmission lines, Distribution and ! Consumer use or 'load'
What are three primary sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S.?
Industry, Electricity production and Transportation
Where was the first large-scale natural gas province to be developed in the U.S. using new technology?
Bakken Field
What are potential hazards of an interconnected and complex electrical grid?
Blackouts due to human error, Blackouts due to severe weather and Blackouts due to cyber attack
What is Bethany McLean's view on the shale boom? (Boomtown, episode 9)
'Drill thoughtfully and profitably so that more people benefit from America's resources for longer, and it isn't only executives getting a payday.'
From Magoon and Beaumont: why are sedimentary basins important in the location of petroleum reservoirs?
'The essential elements of a petroleum system are deposited in sedimentary basins'
According to Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air, what is the standard efficiency of a coal power station?
37%
What is Russia's total proven natural gas reserve (in tcf) as of 2019?
38
According to Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air, about how much energy per day is consumed by driving a car?
40 kWh
From Magoon and Beaumont: what are the three important temporal aspects of petroleum systems?
Age, Critical moment and Preservation time
The 1973-1974 OPEC oil embargo resulted in which of the following?
Daylight Savings time
How are global CO2 concentrations measured? (select all that apply)
Directly in Hawaii from 1958 to present, Air trapped in ice cores up to 1977
Which country is NOT a member of OPEC?
Egypt
Between 1859 and the early 20th century, oil was considered to be a worthless by-product of a more valuable liquid hydrocarbon, used to light lamps in place of whale oil. What was this valuable liquid?
Kerosene
According to Sustainable Energy Without the Hot Air, what is the equivalent energy cost of flying once a year?
Leaving a 1 kW electric fire on for 8760 hours
What are the six criteria pollutants?
NOx, SOx, O3, CO, PM 2.5 and 10, and Pb
What does 'unconventional' indicate when discussing oil and gas reservoirs?
Oil or gas that is trapped in impermeable rocks
What are the 4 main natural gases? Select all that apply
Propane, Butane, Methane and Ethane
What are the benefits to an interconnected and complex electrical grid?
Reliability, Flexibility and Economic Competition
Research firm IHS Markit predicts three scenarios for the future of energy and energy economics: [ Select ] ["Independence", "Rivalry", "Peaceful transition"] , [ Select ] ["Competition", "Autonomy", "Uncertainty"] , and [ Select ] ["Vertigo", "Chaos", "Techno-utopia"]
Rivalry, Autonomy and Vertigo
Which country leads the world in natural gas reserves (tcf; as of 2019)?
Russia
The two main drivers of the negative oil price on April 20th, 2020 were [ Select ] ["Saudi-Russia price war", "Deep Water Horizon rig explosion and oil leak", "U.S. overproduction"] and [ Select ] ["Greta Thunberg and Extinction Rebellion protests", "COVID19 Pandemic", "Russian annexation of Crimea"]
Saudi-Russia price war and COVID19 pandemic
What are three solutions for current issues surrounding energy supply and demand?
Self-programming thermostats, Energy storage technologies and Distributed generation
According to 'Boomtown', where did the Texas oil boom officially begin?
Spindletop
What sector consumes the largest amount of oil?
Transportation
Which country is currently the largest produce of natural gas?
U.S.
Carnot efficiency provides an [ Select ] ["Lower", "Arbitrary", "Upper"] limit on energy efficiency and demonstrates the [ Select ] ["First", "Third", "Second"] law of thermodynamics
Upper and Second
To measure energy, scientists and engineers often use
joules or calories, although other units also exist