ENG T 231 - Foundations of Global Leadership
What are the four quadrants in the Johari Window Model? How does one grow/shrink each area?
(Draw it out)
The difference between managers and leaders (perspectives, roles, and importance of both)
- Management: make people more effective at what they do; a process to produce consistent results; Plan, Organize, Direct, & Monitor - Leadership: a process whose function is change
Identify the 5 Leadership Myths
1. "I grew up in the church, so I know everything about leadership." 2. "Leadership can only be learned by doing, not sitting in a class talking about it." 3. "Leadership can't be learned. You either have it or you don't." 4. "Leaders have a big ego." 5. "Leaders are only extraverted."
1. What is Friedman/s view of the world being flat? 2. What are the forces (and categories) that contribute to the flat world?
1. (personal summary: the world is becoming more connected and everyone is becoming on a level playing field) 2. -----> Political/Geographic/Economic: - 11/9/89: Berlin Wall Infrastructure: - 8/9/95: Netscape public - Work Flow Software: Doing anything from anywhere Business Process: - Uploading: Power of community - Outsourcing: Sending part of work elsewhere - Offshoring: Setting up entire factory elsewhere - Supply-Chaining: Highly-integrated technology - Insourcing: Inviting another company to take part in your business - In-forming: Info-finding Accelerator: - The Steroids:Mobile access
What are the five dysfunctions of teams? How to overcome each dysfunction?
1. Absence of Trust - Personal histories, Team effectiveness exercise, Personality type profile (MBTI), 360 degree assessment, Experiential team exercises 2. Fear of Conflict - Acknowledge that conflict can be productive, No one person is always right, Encourage open discussion, Identify buried disagreements, Recognize when people engaged in conflict are uncomfortable, Remind them that what they are doing is necessary, Trust is critical before proceeding to this stage! 3. Lack of Commitment - Cascading messaging (End of each meeting is a review of key decisions and assignments), Use clear deadlines, Worst-case scenario analysis, Clarify the consequences for being wrong, Allow development of a contingency plan, Goal is that team leaves a meeting knowing that no one on the team is secretly harboring doubts about supporting the decision 4. Avoidance of Accountability - Published goals and standards (Ambiguity is the enemy of accountability), Simple and regular progress reviews, Ministering reports, Rewards for team behavior rather than individual behavior 5. Inattention to Results - Commit publicly to results, Results-based rewards (No trophy for participation)
What is the ethical decision-making process?
1. Awareness - Recognize there is an ethical issue 2. Understand - Identify whose dilemma is this? (individual, group) 3. Facts - Identify what happened up to the decision point 4. Right vs. Wrong - Apply the tests 5. Right vs. Right - Test the four paradigms 6. Consult - Seek guidance from available resources if necessary 7. Resolution - Apply the 3 Resolution Approaches 8. Be Creative - Seek out if there a third way 9. Decide and Act - Act upon best resolution approach 10. Reflect - Revisit later
What are the three steps of planning ahead?
1. Be careful in the promises you make 2. Don't overbook yourself 3. Build good relationships
1. Why won't "trying to change others" get me out of the box? 2. Why won't "coping with others" work? 3. Why won't "leaving" get me out of the box? 4. Why won't "communicating to others" get me out of the box? 5. Why isn't getting out of the box reducible to some skill or technique?
1. Because your problems won't be solved by solving theirs 2. It's just another way to blame them, encouraging more self-justifying behavior 3. You take the same self-justifying feelings with you when you leave; 4. You'll only be communicating in the box; you'll still be blaming others. 5. Because getting out of the box is not about behavior; it's about a change within oneself
What are the 3 components of a habit?
1. Desire 2. Skill 3. Knowledge
What are the five levels of globalization?
1. Domestic enterprise - Still needs to scan the globe for recent trends and opportunities and source internationally. 2. Export/International Corporation - Products, services or technology exported through distributors with few personnel overseas 3. Multinational Organization - Regional & national operations that is flexible in adapting international conditions to domestic markets 4. Global Enterprise - Seeks to balance structure and flexibility, global and local needs and on-time product delivery with low costs. 5. Transnational Corporations - integrate resources and responsibilities across all business units regardless of national boundaries.
What are the team stages of the Tuckman model? What are characteristics of a team in each stage?
1. Forming (Testing) - Enthusiasm high, performance low; no direction 2. Storming (Intragroup Conflict) - Enthusiasm low, performance low; little progress towards goal 3. Norming (Developing Group Cohesion) - Enthusiasm increasing, Productivity growing; Consistent Direction 4. Performing (Functional Role-Relatedness) - Enthusiasm high, performance high; Rapid progress towards goal
1. What is self-awareness? 2. Why is it important?
1. Having a clear perception of one's own personality, interpersonal skills, values, habits, needs, and emotions. 2. Self awareness assists us in: - Identify weaknesses in leadership skills - Increase our ability to understand others - Develop interpersonal skills, personal growth - Become a more Christ-like person - Set an example - Improve our effectiveness
What are the points of emphasis for giving voice to values?
1. I want to voice and act on my values 2. I have voiced my values at some point in the past 3. I can voice my values more often and more effectively 4. It is easier for me to voice my values in some context than others 5. I am more likely to do this if I have practiced how to respond to frequently encountered conflicts 6. My example is powerful 7. Mastering and delivering responses to frequently heard rationalizations can empower others to act (perhaps from unexpected directions) 8. The better I know myself, the more I can prepare to play to my strengths and protect my weaknesses 9. I am not alone 10. Voicing and acting on my values is worth doing 11. Voicing my values leads to better decisions 12. The more I believe it's possible to voice and act on my values, the more likely I will be to do so.
Name the 3 Rings in the 'Engineering and Technology Leadership Model' & what they mean
1. Personal Characteristics: Self-leaders with integrity who are wise, innovative, and self-aware. 2. Organizational Skills: A productive team player with effective interpersonal skills that can articulate a vision, formulate a strategy, and develop plans. 3. Global & Cultural Perspective: A big-picture master that understands the global economy, appreciates the value and impact of cultural diversity, and understands &/or is prepared to address important global concerns.
1. How to determine between right vs. wrong 2. How to analyze right vs right dilemmas? 3. When all other paradigms don't work?
1. The Front Page (Internet)Test; The Role Model (Parents, leaders, teachers...) Test; The Gut Feel Test; The Mirror Test ; The Legal Test 2. Truth vs. Loyalty Individual vs. Community Short-Term vs. Long-Term Justice vs. Mercy 3. Ends-Based ("The Greater Good"), Rule-Based (Universal Implications") , or Care-Based ("The Golden Rule") when all other paradigms fall short
1. Integrity (in the scope of both the gospel and the world)
1. The gospel: Integrity is the foundation of our character and all other virtues; doing just that which is legal, moral, and Christlike; decisions based on eternal implications; disclosing the whole truth and nothing but the truth; no alibis or excuses; keeping our covenants and our commitments, even in times of inconvenience; internally driven. The world: Simply being true to yourself; 'nothing to do' with good or bad; you honor your word; honest with self-discipline Diet, exercise, etc.; separates integrity from morals and ethics
1. What is self-betrayal? 2. What is an act of self-betrayal?
1. The intentional or inadvertent revelation of the truth about one's actions or thoughts 2. Not opening a door for a mother with children, not visiting an old widow, not making dinner for the family (and letting Momma take a break)
1. What can enable me to get out of the box? 2. What must I do to stay out of the box?
1. To get out of the box, you need to change your focus outward. 2. To stay out of the box: a) Resist self-betrayal b) Continue to see others as people c) Find more out-the-box vantage points that help us to get out of the box towards others
What is an emotional bank account? Identify its typical withdrawals and deposits.
A measure of how much trust is in a relationship Withdrawals: Assume you understand; Show unkindness, discourtesy, disrespect; Break promises; Be disloyal, badmouth; Create unclear expectations; Be proud and arrogant; Give no feedback or evaluate character ("you" messages); Hold grudges. Deposits: Seek first to understand; Show kindness, courtesy, respect; Keep promises; Be loyal to the absent; Set clear expectations; Apologize; Give feedback ("I" messages); Forgive
What is a whistleblower?
A person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is deemed illegal, unethical, or not correct within an organization that is either private or public
What is the difference between the circle of influence and circle of concern?
Circle of Influence: Those things that you can control Circle of Concern: Those things outside of your control
Name the different forms of power, their characteristics, and how it applies to leadership
Coercive - Leader: Has control of the punishments or demotions. - Follower: Complies in order to avoid punishments he or she believes are controlled by the agent. Reward - Leader: Has control of the resources - Follower: Complies in order to obtain rewards he or she believes are controlled by the agent Legitimate - Leader: Based on the position or title that one person may have - Follower: Complies because he or she believes the agent has the right to make the request and the target person has the obligation to comply Expert - Leader: Based on knowledge/specialty in a particular field - Follower: Complies because he or she believes that the agent has special knowledge about the best way to do something Referent - Leader: Based solely on attractive characteristics that a person may have - Follower: Complies because he or she admires or identifies with the agent and wants to gain the agent's approval
What are possible challenges in communicating to other cultures? How does one minimize these challenges?
Develop an understanding of the target language and culture Avoid using slang and idioms Listen carefully (ask for confirmation of understanding) Recognize that accenting and intonation can cause meaning to vary significantly Respect local communication formalities and styles Investigate their culture's perception of your culture by reading literature about your culture through their eyes
Explain the value of the MBTI (type assessment) and its matching pairs
E+I - Where do I focus my attention/get my energy? S+N- How do you prefer to take in information? F+T - How do you make decisions? J+P - How do you deal with the outer world?
What is the difference between morals and ethics?
Ethics: Social system/group; a standard/code of behavior for a group; can be changed and updated; Ex: BYU Honor Code Morals: Personal character; usually unchanging; Example: Church morals and standards
Identify the meaning of all all MBTI letters & how you would treat someone based on their MBTI type
Extraverted - Outer world of people and things Introverted - Inner world of thoughts and reflections Sensing - (Concrete) Using the five senses iNtuitive - (Abstract) Using insights, meanings, symbols, possibilities and connections Feeling - Values (Feelings) Thinking - Logic (Numbers) Judging - Organizes outer world (Routine) Perceiving - Lets outer world emerge (Spontaneous)
What are the factors that might be considered 'spikey' and how that affects the view of the world being flat?
Globalization history; factors of flattening world (with cited factors); physical, cultural, and economic factors that prove the world isn't flat
In terms of computer programming language, how would one define Habits 1 & 2?
Habit 1: You are the programmer Habit 2: Write the Program
What is global competence and its elements?
Having an open mind while actively seeking to understand cultural norms and expectations of others, leveraging this gained knowledge to interact, communicate and work effectively outside one's environment
What are components of reactive language? What are components of proactive language?
I decided to vs. They made me... I am going to vs. I have to... There's got to be vs. It can't be done... another way...
What is globalization?
Increased awareness of others globally; Changes to economy, government, culture; Increasing global interactions among people of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds; Increasing interdependencies Rapidly changing technologies
What are the different aspects of the Sharahadan culture?
Intense eye contact, stand very close to who you speak to, establish personal relationships before conducting business, discuss multiple topics simultaneously, don't speculate about the future, be very humble, imply real meaning nonverbally
When I betray myself, I see others, myself, and the world in ways that make me feel________?
Justified in your self-betrayal and victimized.
What are the two different concepts of time in regards to different cultures?
Monochronic: time is thought of as being linear, with a focus on progression and results. People are expected to do one thing at a time, and they will not tolerate lateness or interruptions. American culture runs on a monochronic time system. Polychronic time system: time is thought of as being cyclical, with focus on 'getting there when we get there'. People are more tolerate towards lateness and interruptions, knowing that all things will be accomplished in their own due time. South African culture runs on a polychronic time system.
Name the four categories in which to 'Sharpen the Saw'
Physical, Social/Emotional, Mental, Spiritual
Identify every Quadrant meaning in Habit 2. What is the importance of Quadrant II
QI - Necessity QII - Effectiveness ------Live Above This Line------ QIII - Deception QIV - Waste and Excess (Matrix of Importance vs. Urgency)
What are examples of reactive behavior? What are examples of proactive behaviors?
Reactive: Stimulus->Response Proactive: Stimulus->Freedom to Choose->Response
What does empathic listening include?
Reflecting what a person feels and says in your own words; NOT listening to advise, counsel, reply, refute, solve, fix, change, judge, agree, disagree, question, analyze, or figure out
What does it mean to see someone as a person as opposed to an object?
Seeing someone as a person is to have a clear image of who they are, free from the distortion of being in the box (which would make you see them as an object).
What are the main points of the guest lecturers?
Synergize: - "The best idea always wins, and the best idea always comes with a group effort." Travis Anderson: Ethics - Step 1: Choose to Be a Good Person - Step 2: Choose How to Do Good Ethics (w/ Philosophy): - Metaethics: study of - Dominant Normative Theories of Ethics: --Virtue (Aristotle):Moral character->moral virtues --Deontology (Immanuel Kent): Moral law->Duty to Law --Consequentialism: Results of consequences --Act Utilitarianism (John Stuart Mill): Greatest good for greatest number --Natural Law Theory (St. Thomas Aquinas): human nature->teleologically-guided reason --Contractarianism/Social Contract Theory: adherence to social contract --Relativism (Cultural and Individual): Morals are relative->cannot be canonized --Feminist Ethics & Care Ethics: rational judgement informed by emotional cues>moral laws
What are the mathematics of the P/PC balance?
Take care of the goose (Production Capability), get the golden egg (Production)
Culture
The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively
Ethnocentrism
The perception that one's own culture is better or more natural than the culture of others Judging others according to the values of your own society Misinterpreting other cultures because you use the concepts of your own culture
Ethics
The system of values, principles, and beliefs that guide us in making choices about our conduct; The difference between what you have a right to do and what is the right thing to do
Define 'Global Mindset' & its characteristics
The way of perceiving the world and the globalization of markets, people, and organizations A positive attitude toward the realities of globalization and the opportunities it creates A belief in one's effectiveness as an actor on the global stage, The ability to influence individuals, groups, organizations and systems that are unlike the leader's The ability to understand the similarities and differences among cultures and their reasons The ability to avoid the simplicity of assuming all cultures are the same, and at the same time, not being paralyzed by the complexity of the differences, A set of individual attributes that enable and facilitate global leadership Rather than being frustrated and intimidated by the differences, enjoying them and seeking them out because you find them fascinating One that combines an openness to and awareness of diversity across cultures and markets with a propensity and ability to see common patterns across countries and markets
When I am carrying the box with me, what happens when someone says or does something that challenges my box?
They become a threat and you challenge them in return because they are not reinforcing your self-justifying image.
How to Avoid Ethnocentrism
Understand the values and customs of another culture in terms of that culture Make the effort to understand the other culture in its own terms Suspend judgment, investigate, try to be culturally relative Try to understand, not necessarily to accept or agree
When I am out the box my behavior is "hard" or decisive, and when I am in of the box my behavior is "soft" or squishy?
We can be hard and decisive out of the box; we can still see others as people and be loving towards them in those hard moments. On the flip side, we can be "soft" towards others but mask our true feelings about them while in the box.
