ENGL 2110
De Crevecour UBI PANIS IBI PATRIA
"his country is now that which gives him land, bread, protection and consequence."
Edwards God's pleasure
"there is nothing that keeps wicked men at any one moment out of hell, but the mere pleasure of God"
age of reason contributions
- national dedication to pragmatism and common sense - a vision of unique american destiny
John Smith American traits
1. Pragmatism 2. boastfulness 3. Disdain for elegance and fancy 4. exploration for environment 5. self sufficiency 6. Adventurous
Winthrop Power of love
1. love is divine and it makes us more closely resembles God 2. love among Christians is a real thing 3. love is absolutely necessary to body of christ 4. love is dependent on the welfare of the beloved
age of reason literary first
1st play- the prince of parthia 1st novel- Power of sympathy 1st comedy- The Contrast
John Smith Captivity
6 or 7 weeks he was held captive but the savages admired him more than their own gods.
Pilgrims/ Puritans dedication to bible
65 day trip, they dropped anchor at cape cod, establishing the colony at plymouth. 1/2 of the 102 colonist died 1st year. known as "people of the book" for their dedication to the bible
Columbus Title
Admiral of the Ocean Sea
For his success, the Spanish monarchy bestowed upon Columbus what title?
Admiral of the Ocean Sea
Winthrop ship
Arbella
De Crevecour Farmers
Basically says that everyone in American is somewhat a Farmer. That no one is rich and there are no kings, Everyone loves in log cabins and lives life simple.
De Crevecour american revolution
Because of his support for British forced him to leave his family and sail for england
New England Primer Publication
Boston in Massachusetts bay
William Bradford Of Plymouth Plantation
Bradford was Governor and was re-elected 30 times. He followed Calvin's model on individual churches
Columbus Name given by king of natives
Brother
Winthrop university
Cambridge for two years
Cabeza de Vaca recipient of narrative
Charles V of Spain
Columbus thought he landed where?
China
De Crevecour Englishman
De Crevecour was an Englishman on american soil for fist time and describes his thoughts about how great it was for his point of view.
Edwards Sermons scriptural basis
Deuteronomy xxxii- their foot shall slide in due time
Columbus Natives' weapons
Didn't have real weapons used bamboo (cane) as spears
Edwards exhorted groups
Eldery, young men and women, and children
Paine nationality
English
John Smith Shield
He used one of his guides as a human shield when he was attacked by the Indians
What name does Columbus give to modern-day Cuba?
Juana
Wigglesworth occupation
Minister to same pulpit for 50 years
Cabeza de Vaca Mourning practices
Mourn over son for 1yr. once before dawn, once at noon, and once at sunset. They all gather to cry and weep
John Smith tribal emperor
Powhaton
At the end of his first 33-day voyage sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella, Columbus landed on what modern-day country?
San Salvador
Columbus Modern-day countries
San Salvador Canary Islands Indies
De Crevecour main question
What is an American?
Winthrop Persons
a company professing ourselves fellow members of Christ.
William Bradford Unseaworthy
speedwell
Columbus fathers occupation
weaver
Traditionally, Columbus's father was believed to have held what occupation?
weaver
Franklin Documents with signatures
- Declaration of Independence -Constitution - Treaty of alliance with France -Treaty of Peace with England
Pilgrims/ Puritans reason for leaving holland
- aging group was dying from hard work -search for distinct identity -remove kids from evil of dutch -felt compelled to spread gospel
Paine Reason to sever connection
- her enemies wouldn't be American enemies - America is too large to be ruled by GB -says relationship after war wouldn't be normal again
Colonization & Exploration Purpose of Literature
-Briefs concerning political intentions- explorers recorded their claims and conquest - justification for ignoring European policy- distance and communication often rendered European policy obsolete in the New World. - literature witness- text often record the grim reality of bloody conquest
De Crevecour Definition of America
-European or descendant of Europe - leaves behind prejudices and manners and receives new ones from new mode of life, new gov, and new rank.
Columbus Description of Espanola
-Many highlands, sierras, mountains, and rivers -Very beautiful
Pilgrims/ Puritans TULIP
-Total depravity -Unconditional election -Limited atonement -Irresistible grace Perseverance of saints
Jefferson political affiliations
-continental congress -governor of Virginia -American minister to France -Secretary of State -Vice president -president 1801-1809
Jefferson importance of writings
-drafted the declaration of Independence -voluminous correspondences of over 18,000 letters -his 'notes on state of Virginia' most important American political and scientific book of the age
Edwards wrath of God
-everlasting nature of the wrath -the misery that results -the fierceness of the wrath - whose wrath it is
Cabeza de Vaca Native Ailments
-great pain in the head -after healed the 1st one the rest came to be healed and brought food.
William Bradford reason for leaving netherlands
-members growing old and weak - hope to spread the Christianity
Pilgrims/ Puritans contributions to american religion
-quest for religious freedom -strength of faith - a devotion to preaching
Wigglesworth response of sinners
-roar -gnaw their tongues -gnash their teeth -wring their hands
Columbus Explorers vs natives
-transfer of disease -natives were very giving and took whatever scraps the explorers gave them
Cabeza de Vaca Narrative as report
-was meant as a report for charles V of spain -it told of native customs, life, dress, etc
Cabeza de Vaca Burial practices
1 year after the dead are preformed. then they wash and purify themselves from smoke. they bury everyone except physicians they burn them, then dance until the bones become powder. The dust is presented in water for the relatives to drink.
Colonization & Exploration Reasons
1. European religious controversy 2. the desire of monarchs to expand empires 3. human longing for land, adventure, and gold 4. Nations effort to rid themselves of surplus population
Cabeza de Vaca Name of Conquistadors
1. sierra 2. Diego lopez 3. Corral 4. Palacios 5. Goncalo Ruiz
Cabeza de Vaca death of natives
1/2 the natives died from the disease of the bowels they blamed Cabeza De Vaca and friends at first.
Franklin Dropout
10 years old dropped out of school to help his father in the candle making shop
New England Primer Questions/ answers
107 q & a covered matters of faith, the lords prayer, and 10 commandments
Jefferson College
17 yrs old attended college of William and Mary
Cabeza de Vaca Malhado
A island. Indians have no weapons stay here from Oct to Feb and eat fish and gather roots.
Columbus Description of natives
Awkward men full of wonder nice giving anxious need of saving
In the sailors' interactions with the natives, what does Columbus attempt to prevent?
Cheating the natives of their belongings
Columbus messengers from heaven
Columbus believed that he was a messenger to spread the word of God
Columbus describes the native people as "not well built and of handsome stature" but "marvellously timorous." In this context, what does "timorous" mean
Fearful
Franklin American philosophical movement
Franklin invented this
Cabeza de Vaca Credit for survival
GOD
Columbus description of the New World
Garden of Eden
Franklin credit for happiness
Gives God's Providence credit for happiness
Paine Protection by britian
Great Britain protects them he says that her motives was interest not attachment; She didn't protect on our account but her enemies on her account.
Wigglesworth university
Harvard at 16
How does Columbus procure translators
He enslaves several natives
How does Columbus procure translators?
He enslaves several natives
Columbus Cuba
He landed there and named after him.
Columbus Hati/Dominican Republic
He named them Espanola
Winthrop Diversity
He says God makes people different so that people can help one another. The rich should help the poor and be generous and the poor should repay the rich and show gratitude
Franklin Subscription library
Invented this
Columbus Quaris
Island in the Indies where natives were cannibals
Columbus avan
Island where natives were born with tails (monkeys??)
Edwards implications of text for iseralite
Israelite were always exposed to sudden unexpected destruction; as he that walks in slippery places is every moment liable to fall
Columbus Nationality
Italian
What was the name of the first permanent English settlement?
Jamestown
John Smith colony
Jamestown 1606 from a charter from king james
Colonization & Exploration First English settlement
Jamestown, Virginia in 1607
Cabeza de Vaca Country of birth
Jerez, Spain
Pilgrims/ Puritans Calvinism
John Calvin's beliefs int the priest hood of all believers and that the idea that Christians needed no intermediaries for their relationship with God
John Smith credit for survival
John smith
John Smith Pocahontas
Kings daughter, when king was about to kill smith, she took his head in his arms and laid her own upon his to save him from death
Colonization & Exploration Microbes
Large number of native Americans died because of the "Colombian exchange" reference to the transfer of foreign biological matter to the native population by Columbus and other early explorers. This transfer of microbes decimated the native population.
De Crevecour Letters
Letters of an American Farmer - title of his book, very popular in France and England. Described the way of life for an "American Farmer"
Pilgrims/ Puritans City on a Hill
Matthew 5:14 "You are the light of thw world, A city on a hill.
William Bradford Boats
Mayflower speedwell
age of reason philosophers
NEWTON PAINE LOCKE
Pilgrims/ Puritans God's chosen people
Non- separatist led by Winthrop, who thought they could purify the church from within. Puritans compared themselves to God's chosen people.
John Smith King of Pamaunkee
Opechankanough
Pilgrims/ Puritans redeemer nation
Pilgrims belief that they were the new Israelite's
Pilgrims/ Puritans Separatist
Pilgrims, where called separatists because they left the church of england
John Smith Edward Wingfield
President for 1 yr beginning May 13, 1607. won the 1st election of the new world was let go because of petty charges.
Paine common sense
Published in 1776, He argued that the problems of colonies were not solved by submission to authority
Pilgrims/ Puritans non-separatist
Puritans were non-separatist because they decided to stay at the Church of England and purify it from within.
Paine fathers occupation
Quaker farmer and corset maker
Franklin Amusements
Reading - only one he allowed himself
William Bradford death in transit
Samuell Fuller - only separatist to die in transit.
John Smith Kecoughtan
Smith sent men to take over the indians. Indians came out to fight but was no match for the guns and they fled, Smith told them if they wanted to be friends to bring them food in return for their okee. They brought Vension, turkey, wild fowl, and bread.
John Smith netherlands
Smith went when he was 16 to serve as a mercenary for the dutch. He was sold into slavery, but murdered his master and escaped, then he returned to England.
Colonization & Exploration divisions & Characteristics of colonies
Southern colonies- included west indies to Virginia, required cheap labor to sustain agricultural and ultimately over 300,000 west Africans were sold to the North American Colonies. Middle Colonies- from the Chesapeake bay to the Massachusetts bay; the most ethnically & religiously diverse & were home to the dutch and Quaker populations. New England Colonies- no permanent colonies in this area until the arrival of the puritans & the pilgrims.
De Crevecour College
Started a ancient college; the first in this hempisphere
Edwards Religious movement
The great awakening
From where do the natives believe Columbus and his men have come?
The heavens
For what are the natives of "Quaris" known?
They are cannibals.
How did early texts of exploration function as propaganda?
They were used to secure funding.
Winthrop A Model of Christian Charity
Winthrop's sermon about the idea if harmonious Christian Community
William Bradford grampus
a large dolphin
Edwards sweet aspect of nature
after edwards got saved he said everything seemed sweeter. The clouds , the moon, the stars, etc
Cabeza de Vaca Advantages in proem
ambition and love of action
New England Primer Shorter Catechism
are used to instruct the faithful on how to act and pray etc
William Bradford flight from england
arrived in the Mayflower as a part of the 102 colonist
Franklin Bold and arduous project
arriving at moral perfection
Cabeza de Vaca Exhile
as governor of modern day Paraguay he clashed with the Spanish colonist over their exploration of the land and the native people. He was chained and sent to Spain in 1545 and then exiled to north Africa from Spain in 155.
Wigglesworth dropout
at age 10 he dropped out of school to help run the farm- his dad was bed ridden
Edwards Struggles with doctorine
because God could chose who got eternal life before they even lived their life and who didn't
Edwards significance of telescope
because heavenly objects are brought so much closer and wonderful discoveries have been made in the heaven and the increase of knowledge in heaven is good for church.
De Crevecour farm
bought a farm in orange county, New York and lived there until American Revolution
Columbus reports that the king of the land calls him what?
brother
Paine Burial and body
buried on his farm in New York his body was eventually exhumed and transported back to England and subsequently lost.
Franklin fathers occupation
candle maker
Jefferson Born in
central Virginia
Paine treason
charged with treason for writing the "right of man"
Winthrop Act of mercy vs Act of Commerce
commerce together in meekness, gentleness, and patience
John Smith Instrument gift
compass
William Bradford sailors vs colonist
conflict because the sailors wouldn't share their beer
Edwards state of birth
conneticut
New England Primer Audience
converts and young
age of reason characteristics
cooling attitudes toward religion and growing criticism of government
Paine Pamphlets during revolution
during American Revolution he published 16 known pamphlets known a "crisis' suppose to encourage George Washington's Troops. "These are the times that try men's souls."
Winthrop Duty of mercy
duty if mercy is exercised in the kinds, giving, lending, and forgiving
Edwards Booth in swamp
edwards and some of his childhood classmates made a booth in the swamp as a place of prayer
age of reason alternate names
enlightenment neo-classic period
Franklin university
established University of Pennsylvannia
Cabeza de Vaca Marriage practices
every man has 1 wife except the physicians are allowed 2 or 3. From the time the daughter marries her husband is no longer allowed to speak or visit her family.
Jefferson neoclassical designs
evident in the Virgina state house, his home in Monticello, and the university of Virgina
William Bradford Season
fall
William Bradford Dorothy
fell overboard and died
William Bradford shore party
first shore party after separatist arrived in new world
Winthrop Colony
formed Massachuestts bay colony in 1692 after leaving England because of social and economic depression
De Crevecour nationality
french
Wigglesworth left hand
goats
What does Columbus promise to get for Ferdinand and Isabella, the recipients of his letter?
gold spices cotton
Edwards Spiritual retreat
he used to retire at a place on the Hudson river to pray and contemplate on divine things
Cabeza de Vaca meaning of name
head of cow
Franklin recipient
his son
age of reason Social contract
human must sacrifice some individual freedom to protect the natural right to life, liberty and property,
John Smith Okee
idol made of skins, stuffed with moss, painted and hung with chains and copper
Columbus promises to monarchy
if they gave him enough funding for a second voyage he could gather "immense riches"
Winthrop Giving
if time and money permits to give what God has blessed him with and that there is no such thing as giving too much.
William Bradford separatist
in 1608, he left with an outlaw group of separatist for amsterdam
Edwards Job after dismissal
in 1751, he was dismissed from preaching for calling out backsliders. He then served as a missionary to the native Americans for 7 years.
Jefferson Library of Congress
in college Jefferson began to collect books that led to over 10,000 volumes and started the basis of the library of congress
age of reason deism
informal, organized religious movement common among upper class men intellectuals during enlightenment . They saw God as a watchmaker
Colonization & Exploration Invention of exploration
invention of the printing press went hand in hand with expansion.
John Smith Tuftaffaty humorist
johns smiths description of oxford and Cambridge students; referring to their gold tassels they wore.
Winthrop Rules of action
justice and mercy
Winthrop Rules of conversation
justice and mercy
New England Primer Spiritual Milk
known as spiritual milk for american babes to help them learn to read the bible
William Bradford Social Contract
landed in New England, not Virginia, so original charter was void. created the mayflower compact which is used to govern new colony of plymouth
Winthrop father occupation
lawyer
William Bradford Miles Standish
led the first shore party
Jefferson Declaration of Independce
members of the Continental Congress chose him to draft the Declaration of Independence .
Paine London
met Ben franklin in london and departed for America during a time of political and social unrest
Wigglesworth time of day
midnight
Jefferson self-evident truths
most popular verse of the Declaration of Independence
New England Primer National Tradition
most widely used school book in early america. helped establish national tradition
Franklin the new England courant
name of his brothers newspaper
William Bradford strangers
name that Bradford gave separatist that do not follow their religious beliefs
Wigglesworth family move
non conformist family, who came to America from England at age 7. settled in a farm in conneticut
Winthrop religious affilitation
non-separatist
John Smith George Cassen
one of smiths men who was suppose to stay with the boat but disobeyed orders and went ashore where he was caught and killed by Indians
William Bradford damage to boat
one of the main beams at mid-ship bowed and cracked
age of reason magazines
only 1 in 1741 and up to 91 in 1800
age of reason newspaper
only 1 newspaper in 1700 and up to 200 in 1800
William Bradford death rate
out of 100 passengers only 50 survived the 1st year.
Which of the following is not a purpose of the early literature of exploration?
postcards of the "wish you were here" variety Save
Edwards president
president of Princeton for two months before he died with smallpox
Franklin Social movement
primary figure in the creation of the 'Cult of Self- Reliance' social movement
Franklin Brother'r trade
printing (newspaper) at age 12 went to work for his brother
William Bradford Profane sailor
profane sailor, who taunts separatist is killed by disease and thrown over board
De Crevecour publication
published letters from an American Farmer first in London in 1782 and then in France in 1783. American edition at Philadelphia in 1793.
Paine Rescue from French prison
rescued by James Monroe (American Ambassador) and returned to New York.
De Crevecour Official return to US
returned to USA as a French diplomat in 1783. He found that his wife was dead and his farm in ruins.
Edwards covering over hell
rotten covering, places on covering so weak it can not bear their weight
Paine dependence
says colonies are dependent on Great Britain to examine that connection and dependence.
De Crevecour Citizen
says that the people who cane from Europe was nothing and broke, but when they came to America they became citizens. Because of new laws and freedom to do they receive ample rewards for labors and land for rewards.
Which of the following was not a reason for exploration and colonization?
scientific and engineering advancements in seafaring and ship-building
Wigglesworth right hand
sheep
New England Primer Contents
short verses, hymns, and prayers
John Smith Batering
smith gave the Indians two cannons and a grinding stone in return for land
Though it has been held historically that Columbus was Italian, more recent critical arguments contend that he may have been of what nationality?
spanish
New England Primer Billing
spiritual milk for american babes
John Smith Source of food
the "savages" brought such plenty of their fruits and provisions
What name is given to the transfer of microbes from the colonists to the native populations?
the Columbian Exchange
Columbus's legacy has been, in part, a description of the New World as what?
the Garden of Eden
Cabeza de Vaca Medicine men
the Indians tried to make Vaca a physician. they cured people by blowing in them. Even though Vaca told them he couldn't heal they withheld his food until he agreed.
Which of the colonies began with the arrival of the Puritans and Pilgrims?
the New England colonies
Edwards significance of trade
the changing of the course of trade and the supplying of the word with its treasures from America is a type and forerunner of what is approaching in spiritual things when the world shall be supplied with spiritual treasurers from America
Which of the following is not one of the three categories into which the colonies can be divided?
the eastern colonies
Columbus Exchange
the indians would trade Gold and the settlers would give them broken glass and things of no value.
What invention went hand-in-hand with exploration?
the printing press
John Smith Colonists and sailors
the sailors sold the colonist food to help them survivor , the sailors went they almost died.
Wigglesworth the elect
the saints
Winthrop Community of Peril
the same as before "justice and mercy but with more enlargement towards others and less respect toward ourselves
Which of the colonies used slave labor to sustain their agricultural economy?
the southern colonies
Franklin Satires
the use of humor to poke fun, ridicule, and criticize people
Cabeza de Vaca Starvation
the weather was so cold they had no food and no fish. they began to eat the ones who died.
Cabeza de Vaca Native customs
they all go naked. only a small cloth to cover the women. They have no chief. they met a weep and then give all they have to the 1st one that visited .
Cabeza de Vaca Quenching thirst
they drank pear juice to quench their thirst
Cabeza de Vaca Recitation for the ill
they give the physicians everything they have if he cures them. the practitioner sacrifices over the hurt individual and sucks the wound. Afterwards they blow on the spot and the patient is cured
John Smith reasons for lack of preparation
they thought it would only take two months to sail and when it took 5 months, they didn't have time to plant and missed the spring.
John Smith Native ceremony
they tied him to a tree and as many as could stand around him prepared to shoot him. But when the king held up his compass they all laid down their bow and arrows.
Pilgrims/ Puritans Errand into the wilderness
thought that their hardships would create unity between each other.
Cabeza de Vaca Tafficking
to make a better living Vaca would trade for the indians thats couldn't travel. He recieved food and goods for treatment because of it.
Colonization & Exploration Propaganda
to procure funding for future voyages
New England Primer Goal
to teach literacy so people could read and understand the bible. "millions to read and not one to sin"
Cabeza de Vaca Only duty
to write what has been seen and heard
Wigglesworth condition of world
unprepared
New England Primer Rhyming alphabet
used the alphabet to rhyme verses to help with the teaching
Columbus slaves/ translators
used the natives as slaves to explore and help them translate when meeting new Indians.
Edwards Sarah Personality
very happy, always full of joy and pleasure. loves to be alone and to wander
John Smith colonial goverment
was elected governor of Jamestown. Served from 1608-1609
John Smith Powhatan
was emperor; sat with great robe and ordered smith to be clubbed
William Bradford governor
was governor of Jamestown for almost 30 years
John Smith Captivity
was imprisoned by Powhatan of Chesapeake bay Indians later it was seen as an adoption ceremony.
Cabeza de Vaca treasurer
was treasure on narvaez's expedition to establish spanish colony in fl
John Smith shift in explorer model
went from single exploration to larger companies of investors supporting exploration. It was market related and involved construction of colonial charters
Franklin arrival in philadelphia
when he made his initial tour of Philadelphia carried two puffy rolls of bread in each arm
William Bradford Charter
when the outlaw group, left Holland for america in 1602 with a charter from the Virginia
Edwards religious conversation in New York
while preaching in New York he stayed with Mrs. Smith and her son (john smith) for 8 months, he had such great christian conversations that they wanted him to stay forever.
Edwards Spider
wickedness makes you heavy as lead & if God lets you go you would sink & nothing could stop you. just like a spider web couldn't stop a rock from falling
Wigglesworth day of doom
wigglesworth poem (1662) that sold 1800 copies about hell fire, assurance of God's divine order, and basic puritan theology
Jefferson Rule of slavery
worked to end slavery
Jefferson Religious Intolerance
worked to establish religious freedom
Edwards Aspects of Gad's wrath
wrath of God is like great waters that are damned and increases more and more if he lets go the wrath would rush forward and even if if your the strongest, you would still be no match
Jefferson 'notes on the state of Virginia'
written in 1785, has been judged the most important American political and scientific book of the age.
Edwards University
yale at age 13
William Bradford fathers occupation
yeoman
Edwards Sarah Pierpoint
young lady that 'speaks' to God and whom God loves and wants her with him. She does no wrong. Edwards wife.
Franklin lineage
youngest son of youngest son for 5 generations back