English 12A review

Which option is written correctly and contains an instance of contested usage? "So that he would not be disturbed, I tried to uncover carefully the sleeping baby." The sentence contains a split infinitive. "My brother called to say he needed a ride, but he didn't say where he was calling from." The sentence ends with a preposition. "Since the forecast calls for rain, nobody with any sense isn't going hiking." The sentence contains a double negative. "My sister and brother changed their minds about coming to visit over the holidays." The sentence uses the possessive pronoun "their" for a singular antecedent.

"So that he would not be disturbed, I tried to uncover carefully the sleeping baby." The sentence contains a split infinitive. **INCORRECT**

In which sentence is the word deplete used correctly? "You will deplete the battery if you leave the car lights on overnight," the mechanic warned Mom. The mechanic said he would deplete the new battery tomorrow. If my little sister does not understand her math homework, she will deplete and whine. "After you deplete your homework, you may play outside," Mom told my little sister.

"You will deplete the battery if you leave the car lights on overnight," the mechanic warned Mom.

Read the passage, which is incorrect. A telemarketer named Shirley called repeatedly, each time she was offering the same deal on a Disneyland vacation. Which options show ways to revise the passage and make it correct? (Select all that apply.) A telemarketer named Shirley called repeatedly. Each time she was offering the same deal on a Disneyland vacation. A telemarketer named Shirley called repeatedly, and each time she was offering the same deal on a Disneyland vacation. A telemarketer named Shirley called repeatedly: And each time she was offering the same deal on a Disneyland vacation. A telemarketer named Shirley called repeatedly. Each time offering the same deal on a Disneyland vacation.

A telemarketer named Shirley called repeatedly. Each time she was offering the same deal on a Disneyland vacation. A telemarketer named Shirley called repeatedly, and each time she was offering the same deal on a Disneyland vacation.

In "My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant," how does the author's use of questions at the end of paragraph 65 contribute to the beauty of the text? My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant Although the author had spent so much time worrying about being a US citizen, he still wanted to cherish the memory of his mother and leaving for the US. Although the author had not spoken to his mother since the August morning he left for the US, he still wanted to know if she was still sad and if she regretted sending him away. Although the author had friends and family to support him after coming to the US, he still wanted to know if his mother loved him and if she wanted him to return home. Although the author had so much trouble once he arrived in the US, he still wanted to know the specific reasons why his mother sent him to live in the US.

Although the author had spent so much time worrying about being a US citizen, he still wanted to cherish the memory of his mother and leaving for the US.

Assume you are writing a summary of the article "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones." Which excerpt from the text includes key details about Playdots and Dots that you would want to include? Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones Among the things Playdots learned from Dots are that a mobile game can be wildly popular without actually being wildly profitable, and that the business side of the mobile-games game is a lot more complicated than it looks. The Dots team circulated early versions of the game at Betaworks. They knew they were on to something when people started playing Dots in the middle of the night. Dots went on sale on Apple's App Store on April 30, 2013, with the subtitle "a game about connecting." It got very little promotion—Apple didn't even feature it on the App Store home page—but its simplicity and novelty caught people's attention. Currently Playdots employs 28 people. Two Dots relies on the same mechanic as Dots, but it's less austerely simple—it's more of a theme and variations.

Among the things Playdots learned from Dots are that a mobile game can be wildly popular without actually being wildly profitable, and that the business side of the mobile-games game is a lot more complicated than it looks.

Read the excerpt from "16 Things I've Learned from 16 Years of Dealing with Depression." This isn't just my anecdotal perspective—they've done lots of research that demonstrates Facebook makes us unhappy. It stunts our real-life social interaction, it makes us envious of others (instead of grateful for what we've got), and so on. How does the use of the word anecdotal increase the effectiveness of this excerpt? 16 Things I've Learned from 16 Years of Dealing with Depression Anecdotal draws attention to the personal perspective in the article. Anecdotal emphasizes the public perceptions revealed in the article. Anecdotal links this section with cultural perspectives about depression. Anecdotal defines the kind of scientific perceptions revealed in research.

Anecdotal draws attention to the personal perspective in the article.

Which options describe the potential weaknesses of using anecdotes as evidence in informational text? (Select all that apply.) Anecdotes may describe only one person's experience, rather than the typical experience of many people. Anecdotes are stories that have not been scientifically tested, so their accuracy is questionable. Anecdotes are typically short and simple, and are therefore insufficient to support complex ideas. Anecdotes could apply to anyone, so they are not relevant to the text.

Anecdotes may describe only one person's experience, rather than the typical experience of many people. Anecdotes are stories that have not been scientifically tested, so their accuracy is questionable.

What pieces of textual evidence from "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones" best support the idea that freemium games could be damaging the quality of games in the gaming industry? (Select all that apply.) Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones As players work their way through the [freemium] game, they're continually rewarded with new content the same way a lab rat might get a pellet for pressing a lever, with the promise of more always dangling in front of them. But far and away the most successful model right now is called freemium, or sometimes free-to-play. That's where you give the game away for free, but then offer players the option of buying extra lives, or extra turns, or power-ups, as the need arises. "A lot of the games that make the most money are quite literally scientifically engineered with the help of actual psychologists to design things down to the color of a button, which is then A/B tested based on what makes the most money. It's not gaming; it's factory farming." In November, Apple made a subtle change to the wording on its App Store: the button you click to download a freemium game used to say "free"; now it says "get." That's a quiet acknowledgment that freemium games are not, in the end, all that free.

As players work their way through the [freemium] game, they're continually rewarded with new content the same way a lab rat might get a pellet for pressing a lever, with the promise of more always dangling in front of them. "A lot of the games that make the most money are quite literally scientifically engineered with the help of actual psychologists to design things down to the color of a button, which is then A/B tested based on what makes the most money. It's not gaming; it's factory farming."

Read the excerpt from "Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections." The field of "embodied" cognition is still very much in its infancy but has profound implications for how we look at human relations. We involuntarily enter the bodies of those around us so that their movements and emotions echo within us as if they're our own. This is what allows us, or other primates, to re-create what we have seen others do. Body mapping is mostly hidden and unconscious, but sometimes it "slips out," such as when parents make chewing mouth movements while spoon-feeding their baby. They can't help but act the way they feel their baby ought to. Similarly, parents watching a singing performance of their child often get completely into it, mouthing every word. I myself still remember as a boy standing on the sidelines of soccer games and involuntarily making kicking or jumping moves each time someone I was cheering for got the ball. Which sentences from the excerpt show the author's stylistic choice to use a specific term to describe how individuals learn behaviors? (Select all that apply.) Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections Body mapping is mostly hidden and unconscious, but sometimes it "slips out," such as when parents make chewing mouth movements while spoon-feeding their baby. The field of "embodied" cognition is still very much in its infancy but has profound implications for how we look at human relations. Similarly, parents watching a singing performance of their child often get completely into it, mouthing every word. We involuntarily enter the bodies of those around us so that their movements and emotions echo within us as if they're our own.

Body mapping is mostly hidden and unconscious, but sometimes it "slips out," such as when parents make chewing mouth movements while spoon-feeding their baby. The field of "embodied" cognition is still very much in its infancy but has profound implications for how we look at human relations.

Which options correctly explain the connection between the idea of court-ordered interception and the idea of encryption as explained in "Going Dark"? (Select all that apply.) Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? Both are issues that the FBI must deal with often, if not daily. Both are regulated through the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. Both affect the security and privacy of the public. Both involve marketing pitches by communications companies.

Both are issues that the FBI must deal with often, if not daily. Both affect the security and privacy of the public.

What textual evidence from "Hackers: The Internet's Immune System" supports the inference that people and society need to accept and value some parts of hacker culture? (Select all that apply.) Hackers: The Internet's Immune System But I think it's worth the effort, because the alternative, to blindly fight all hackers, is to go against the power you cannot control at the cost of stifling innovation and regulating knowledge. These are things that will come back and bite you. We are often terrified and fascinated by the power hackers now have. They scare us. But the choices they make have dramatic outcomes that influence us all. This is the rush of power that hackers feel. It's geeks just like me discovering they have access to superpower, one that requires the skill and tenacity of their intellect, but thankfully no radioactive spiders. This universal hacker movement needs no introduction today, but six years ago they were not much more than an Internet subculture dedicated to sharing silly pictures of funny cats and Internet trolling campaigns.

But I think it's worth the effort, because the alternative, to blindly fight all hackers, is to go against the power you cannot control at the cost of stifling innovation and regulating knowledge. These are things that will come back and bite you. We are often terrified and fascinated by the power hackers now have. They scare us. But the choices they make have dramatic outcomes that influence us all.

Read the excerpt from "Confessions of a Depressed Comic." We all know what it is to have pain in our heart, and we all know how important it is to heal. But right now, depression is society's deep cut that we're content to put a Band-Aid over and pretend it's not there. Which options show examples of figurative language used in the excerpt? (Select all that apply.) Confessions of a Depressed Comic But right now, depression is society's deep cut we're content to put a Band-Aid over pretend it's not there how important it is to heal

But right now, depression is society's deep cut we're content to put a Band-Aid over

UNIT 1 LESSON 3

CHANGING THE GAME

UNIT 2 LESSON 9

CURRENT AND FUTURE MOOD

Read the sentence from "How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy." Spartans, who were celebrated almost exclusively as warriors, raised their ruling-class boys in an environment of uncompromising brutality—enlisting them in boot camp at age 7 and starving them to encourage enough deviousness and cunning to steal food, which skillfully bred yet more generations of ruthless killers. Why did the author use cunning in the sentence instead of a synonym like ingenuity or shrewdness? How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy Cunning has a more negative connotation that implies expert or crafty use of criminal skills. Cunning has a playful connotation that contributes to the tongue-in-cheek tone of this section. Cunning has a neutral connotation that supports the author's objective tone in this section. Cunning has a more positive connotation that implies the students received approval as part of their training.

Cunning has a more negative connotation that implies expert or crafty use of criminal skills.

Reread the section called Correcting Misconceptions from the article "Going Dark." What options correctly analyze the speaker's ideas about solving the encryption issue? (Select all that apply.) Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? Designers will have to use a back-door approach to build a lawful intercept solution into an encryption system, or to create a way to access data that has been encrypted. Court orders and legal processes can be used for lawful interception of encrypted data or to force access to data that has been encrypted. Designers can use a front-door approach to build a lawful intercept solution into an encryption system, or to create a way to access data that has been encrypted. Non-legal experts or investigators will need to be used for lawful interception of encrypted data or to force access to data that has been encrypted.

Designers will have to use a back-door approach to build a lawful intercept solution into an encryption system, or to create a way to access data that has been encrypted. Court orders and legal processes can be used for lawful interception of encrypted data or to force access to data that has been encrypted. **PARTIAL**

Reread the section called Correcting Misconceptions from the article "Going Dark." What options correctly analyze the speaker's ideas about solving the encryption issue? (Select all that apply.) Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? Designers will have to use a back-door approach to build a lawful intercept solution into an encryption system, or to create a way to access data that has been encrypted. Non-legal experts or investigators will need to be used for lawful interception of encrypted data or to force access to data that has been encrypted. Court orders and legal processes can be used for lawful interception of encrypted data or to force access to data that has been encrypted. Designers can use a front-door approach to build a lawful intercept solution into an encryption system, or to create a way to access data that has been encrypted.

Designers will have to use a back-door approach to build a lawful intercept solution into an encryption system, or to create a way to access data that has been encrypted. Non-legal experts or investigators will need to be used for lawful interception of encrypted data or to force access to data that has been encrypted. **INCORRECT**

Read the paragraph from "500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car." Every decision the car makes comes down to two questions: Is it possible (i.e., safe and legal) and is it beneficial (i.e., does it make the ride more comfortable). Tuning the system to properly assess and balance these two things and speed up, slow down, change lanes, or make turns smoothly has been key to developing the technology. At one point during my drive, the A7 moved effortlessly into a relatively small slot in the right lane to make way for a faster car approaching from behind. It was seamless. That kind of decision-making and maneuvering is quite advanced, yet needs fine tuning before commercial production can begin. Audi's team hasn't yet worked through every situation the car may encounter, or settled on a balance between maintaining a steady course and making tiny adjustments to avoid every single tiny thing the sensors pick up. Which sentence best states the central idea of this paragraph? 500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car Driving the A7 autonomous vehicle is primarily about safety and comfort. Driving the A7 autonomous vehicle is fun because the car moves away from oncoming cars. Driving the A7 autonomous vehicle is much easier than driving the vehicle yourself since you do not need to stay alert. Driving the A7 autonomous vehicle is a boring and uneventful task.

Driving the A7 autonomous vehicle is primarily about safety and comfort.

UNIT 2 LESSON 8

ENCOURAGING EMPATHY

In which sentence is the word dogma used correctly? Each religion has a unique dogma. Each dogma has a unique religion. The dogma tried to understand the difficult code. The codebreaker tried to understand the difficult dogma.

Each religion has a unique dogma.

Reread the final section, The Future of Electric Cars, in "The History of the Electric Car." Which option most accurately reflects the main point the author makes in this section? The History of the Electric Car Electric vehicles are a viable option for a greener future. Electric vehicles can offer hope for the future. Electric vehicles need to become more affordable. Electric vehicles can reduce our dependence on foreign oil.

Electric vehicles are a viable option for a greener future.

Which options provide the best description of types of evidence found in informational texts? (Select all that apply.) Evidence in informational texts can include facts and expert opinions. Evidence in informational texts can include personal experience and personal observation. Evidence in informational texts can include anecdotes and statistics. Evidence in informational texts can include main ideas and themes.

Evidence in informational texts can include facts and expert opinions. Evidence in informational texts can include personal experience and personal observation. Evidence in informational texts can include anecdotes and statistics.

Read the paragraph. Exercise can be an excellent method for fighting depression. Endorphins—chemicals naturally produced in the human brain—release into the body during exercise. These are the same hormones that are released into the body when people laugh. Studies have shown that people laugh less as they age. Endorphins decrease feelings of pain, fatigue, and stress. Which sentence from the paragraph is not relevant to the main idea? Exercise can be an excellent method for fighting depression. Endorphins decrease feelings of pain, fatigue, and stress. These are the same hormones that are released into the body when people laugh. Studies have shown that people laugh less as they age.

Exercise can be an excellent method for fighting depression. **INCORRECT**

UNIT 2 LESSON 6

FEELING BLUE

Which ideas in "Hackers: The Internet's Immune System" support the presenter's claim that hackers "just might be the immune system for the information age"? (Select all that apply.) Hackers: The Internet's Immune System Hackers believe in "a practice called full disclosure," which exposes different weaknesses and alarming information to the public in order to raise awareness. Hackers believe that they can break the law as long as they convince companies and governments to fix what is not working. Hackers generally work for their own satisfaction of finding inconsistencies and malfunctioning software components. Hackers generally do not do anything harmful or illegal unless they are "denied the bounty usually paid out for such services."

Hackers believe in "a practice called full disclosure," which exposes different weaknesses and alarming information to the public in order to raise awareness. Hackers believe that they can break the law as long as they convince companies and governments to fix what is not working. **PARTIAL** Hackers believe that they can break the law as long as they convince companies and governments to fix what is not working. Hackers generally work for their own satisfaction of finding inconsistencies and malfunctioning software components. Hackers generally do not do anything harmful or illegal unless they are "denied the bounty usually paid out for such services." **INCORRECT**

Which ideas from "Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head" support the belief that hackers are not well-understood members of society? (Select all that apply.) Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head Hackers can be considered mentally ill because of their tendency to impulsively hack and break the law. Hackers cause fear on a massive scale because they are unpredictable and tend to expose people's private information. Hackers hold grudges against governments, which they show by hacking into prohibited websites. Hackers have a criminal reputation because of their ability to hack into many secured cyber spaces.

Hackers can be considered mentally ill because of their tendency to impulsively hack and break the law. Hackers cause fear on a massive scale because they are unpredictable and tend to expose people's private information. **PARTIAL** Hackers can be considered mentally ill because of their tendency to impulsively hack and break the law. Hackers cause fear on a massive scale because they are unpredictable and tend to expose people's private information. Hackers hold grudges against governments, which they show by hacking into prohibited websites. **INCORRECT**

The author of "Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head" states that a crucial component of computer hacking lies in "the dark science of social engineering (or 'hacking the human')." What idea is implied but not directly stated in this sentence? Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head Hackers manipulate human emotions and behaviors in order to access the information they need. Computer hacking is just a way for hackers to assert their authority over anyone they choose. Computer hacking is like hacking the mind because people constantly rewrite their mental "code." Hackers blackmail people to easily gain access to all the sites they need in order to complete their hacks.

Hackers manipulate human emotions and behaviors in order to access the information they need.

Read the paragraph from "Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head." While public appearances by Mitnick and his ilk may fascinate (he is certainly not regarded as one of the "bad guys" by the admirers who flock for his autograph), the fact that such events are something of a media circus can obscure more serious analysis of his personality traits and psychological profile. What happens when someone like the young Mitnick applies for a job with a conventional employer? Where does their motivation lie, and what can employers do if they suspect they've put a hacker on the payroll? Which option best explains the potential concerns raised in this paragraph? Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head Hiring a hacker might mean jeopardizing a company's well-being. Profiling a hacker might mean stigmatizing all computer geniuses. Hackers have exceptional reputations that can often mislead others. Hackers have a flair for showing off what can be achieved by invading cyberspace.

Hiring a hacker might mean jeopardizing a company's well-being.

Which excerpts from "The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids" demonstrate the use of connotative words to create a persuasive effect on the audience? (Select all that apply.) The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids If other students are just parroting adults, this isn't going to be a very strong signal of what they actually think. In other words, maybe at one school conflict is driven by, say, a long-standing and inexplicable-to-adults beef between the swim and football teams. At the end of the study, Paluck and her colleagues used disciplinary records from the 49 schools that provided them, and the results of the second round of surveying, to track the effects of their intervention. It's these kids, not the principal or the random outside speaker up onstage at an anti-bullying event, who students look to for their guidance about what's acceptable within their community.

If other students are just parroting adults, this isn't going to be a very strong signal of what they actually think. In other words, maybe at one school conflict is driven by, say, a long-standing and inexplicable-to-adults beef between the swim and football teams.

Which sentence has the most appropriate tone for persuading people to recycle? If we recycle, we are using natural resources more responsibly for the sake of future generations. Everybody has to see that recycling has lots of good points and would make such a big difference. Thoughtless, inconsiderate people who refuse to recycle are just wasting natural resources. If we don't start recycling immediately, our grandchildren will have to live in a very bleak world.

If we recycle, we are using natural resources more responsibly for the sake of future generations.

What textual evidence from "Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head" supports the idea that, at times, a successful hack requires more than just breaking complex computer codes? (Select all that apply.) Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head If, however, you exploit the human emotion of people wanting to help their fellow humans, then when you call-up the headquarters of a major company, name-drop a few key people within the organisation, and "chat-up the other person," it becomes relatively easy to extract nuggets of information that can be used as bait to persuade other people to reveal additional information. Their abilities have been made more effective through the use of powerful utility software such as the Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC) application, which allows a novice hacker to launch a sophisticated denial-of-service (DoS) attack on a target of the hacktivist leadership's choice. From there, for example, people will then believe you when you say you are "out in the field" and need access to a password that is sitting on your desk at the office. Mitnick, of course, finessed his actions constantly: this allowed him to gain access to everything from birth certificates to top-secret source code for the mobile phones of the 1980s and 1990s. This shifting in society's view of the different generations of hackers is not by coincidence, and is the deliberate evolution of the view of hacking that has been orchestrated—partly through the media—by successive governments and their agencies on both sides of the Atlantic.

If, however, you exploit the human emotion of people wanting to help their fellow humans, then when you call-up the headquarters of a major company, name-drop a few key people within the organisation, and "chat-up the other person," it becomes relatively easy to extract nuggets of information that can be used as bait to persuade other people to reveal additional information. From there, for example, people will then believe you when you say you are "out in the field" and need access to a password that is sitting on your desk at the office. Mitnick, of course, finessed his actions constantly: this allowed him to gain access to everything from birth certificates to top-secret source code for the mobile phones of the 1980s and 1990s.

Which sentences from "My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant" show the author using parallel structure to convey details of his job at The Washington Post? (Select all that apply.) My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant I visited the White House, where I interviewed senior aides and covered a state dinner—and gave the Secret Service the Social Security number I obtained with false documents. In April 2008, I was part of a Post team that won a Pulitzer Prize for the paper's coverage of the Virginia Tech shootings a year earlier. Lolo died a year earlier, so it was Lola who called me the day of the announcement. By this time, Peter, who still works at The Post, had become part of management as the paper's director of newsroom training and professional development. One afternoon in late October, we walked a couple of blocks to Lafayette Square, across from the White House. In the five years that followed, I did my best to "do enough." I was promoted to staff writer, reported on video-game culture, wrote a series on Washington's H.I.V./AIDS epidemic and covered the role of technology and social media in the 2008 presidential race.

In the five years that followed, I did my best to "do enough." I was promoted to staff writer, reported on video-game culture, wrote a series on Washington's H.I.V./AIDS epidemic and covered the role of technology and social media in the 2008 presidential race. I visited the White House, where I interviewed senior aides and covered a state dinner—and gave the Secret Service the Social Security number I obtained with false documents.

1) The halftime performers whirled through a complex series of choreographed moves. 2) Twirling their batons so fast they resembled helicopter blades. Which option explains why Section 2 is a sentence fragment? It begins with participle verb form and therefore must be linked with what it modifies in an independent clause or main sentence. It does not contain a noun. It begins with a coordinating conjunction and therefore must be linked with an independent clause or main sentence. It does not contain a verb.

It begins with participle verb form and therefore must be linked with what it modifies in an independent clause or main sentence.

Read the two sections of the passage. 1) The halftime performers whirled through a complex series of choreographed moves. 2) Twirling their batons so fast they resembled helicopter blades. Which option explains why Section 2 is a sentence fragment? It begins with participle verb form and therefore must be linked with what it modifies in an independent clause or main sentence. It does not contain a noun. It begins with a coordinating conjunction and therefore must be linked with an independent clause or main sentence. It does not contain a verb.

It begins with participle verb form and therefore must be linked with what it modifies in an independent clause or main sentence.

Read the opening paragraph from "Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections." What intrigues me most about laughter is how it spreads. It's almost impossible not to laugh when everybody else is. There have been laughing epidemics, in which no one could stop and some even died in a prolonged fit. There are laughing churches and laugh therapies based on the healing power of laughter. The must-have toy of 1996—Tickle Me Elmo—laughed hysterically after being squeezed three times in a row. All of this because we love to laugh and can't resist joining laughing around us. This is why comedy shows on television have laugh tracks and why theater audiences are sometimes sprinkled with "laugh plants": people paid to produce raucous laughing at any joke that comes along. How does the information in the excerpt help contribute to the meaning and power of the word infectiousness later in the text? Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections It provides reasons why individuals laugh at each other, producing extreme laughter in groups of people. It provides a series of situations where laughter is mimicked, illustrating its healing power. It provides examples of how laughter is contagious, causing individuals to mimic others' actions. It provides a clear definition of infectiousness, showing that contagious laughter is an isolated event.

It provides examples of how laughter is contagious, causing individuals to mimic others' actions.

Which option best explains how the author's use of his native language, Tagalog, contributes to the power of the text? My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant It shows that even though the author is trying to become a US citizen, he is still proud of his heritage. It conveys that after having many jobs, the author is keeping his family heritage alive. It conveys that after many years, the author is still connected to his family in the Philippines. It shows that, because the author is from another country, he feels the need to continue using his first language.

It shows that even though the author is trying to become a US citizen, he is still proud of his heritage.

Which sentence from "Confessions of a Depressed Comic" contains a metaphor? Confessions of a Depressed Comic It's the roommate you can't kick out. And I don't know what the solution is. Some people might fear sharks. That's what keeps you from getting help.

It's the roommate you can't kick out.

Jeremy wrote this sentence in a first draft of his essay on dangerous weather: When a sandstorm suddenly moved across the highway, the winds blew hard against Ray's car and he could not see anything ahead of him. In his final draft, he revised the sentence this way: The sandstorm that engulfed the highway grabbed Ray's car and shook it hard, yanking a curtain of dust across his field of vision. Which options best analyze the effect of the figurative language Jeremy used in the revised sentence? (Select all that apply.) Jeremy personified the storm that "grabbed" and "shook" the car, making it easy to visualize the wind's effect. Jeremy used the metaphor "a curtain of dust" to draw a vivid picture of the storm's dangerous effect. Jeremy used the paradox "engulfed the highway" to emphasize the chaotic nature of Ray's situation. Jeremy applied hyperbole in the phrase "shook it hard" to exaggerate the danger of Ray's situation.

Jeremy personified the storm that "grabbed" and "shook" the car, making it easy to visualize the wind's effect. Jeremy used the metaphor "a curtain of dust" to draw a vivid picture of the storm's dangerous effect.

In "Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections," the author expresses the viewpoint that primates tend to adapt based on behaviors of others within their environment. Which sentences from the article convey this viewpoint through the author's voice? (Select all that apply.) Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections Like chameleons changing their color to match the environment, primates automatically copy their surroundings. Unconsciously, I'd return speaking a poor imitation of the harsh northern accent. If my companions are feeding, I'd better do the same, because once they move off, my chance to forage will be gone. An outdoor target is judged as farther away than it really is by a person burdened with a heavy backpack than by one without it.

Like chameleons changing their color to match the environment, primates automatically copy their surroundings. Unconsciously, I'd return speaking a poor imitation of the harsh northern accent. If my companions are feeding, I'd better do the same, because once they move off, my chance to forage will be gone.

Read this piece of textual evidence from the article "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones." The canonical example is Flappy Bird. A simple game featuring a squat little bird that tries (and usually fails) to fly between big green pipes without touching them, Flappy Bird was coded over a long weekend in 2013 by a 28-year-old in Hanoi named Dong Nguyen. Since then it's been downloaded over 50 million times and was making $50,000 a day before Nguyen took it down because he couldn't cope with all the pressure and attention: the game was too successful. What ideas in the text are supported by this textual evidence? (Select all that apply.) Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones Mobile games are easy to create and are big money makers. Mobile games cause the creators too much pressure, and the gamers suffer the consequences. Mobile games are simple to buy and simple to play. Mobile-game creators can be any age and from any part of the world.

Mobile games are easy to create and are big money makers. Mobile games cause the creators too much pressure, and the gamers suffer the consequences. **PARTIAL**

Which options correctly use an antonym of the word whimsical? (Select all that apply.) My dad is so predictable; he always eats the same meal on Tuesdays. My mom likes to wear practical skirts to work. My mom likes to use fancy stationery when writing to my grandma. My dad is so tone-deaf; he always makes my ears hurt when he sings.

My dad is so predictable; he always eats the same meal on Tuesdays. My mom likes to wear practical skirts to work.

UNIT 1 LESSON 1

NOW IS THE FUTURE

Which sentence illustrates an appropriate use of passive voice? The bathrooms were equipped by janitors with automatic soap dispensers. What was done by administrators to fix crowded classrooms? Why was the bridge crossed by the protesters? Numbers that you enter into this computer program are updated in the central database.

Numbers that you enter into this computer program are updated in the central database.

Which sentences best cite textual evidence to analyze the central idea that four locations, including California, Nevada, and Washington D.C., have adopted regulations about driving autonomous cars? (Select all that apply.) 500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car One of [the rules] dictates that anyone who gets behind the wheel must be properly trained. As the rules in each state currently stand, autonomous technology is limited to prototypes, not production vehicles. As if to underscore that point, my phone was locked in a secure box when I arrived and a security guard escorted me everywhere. There are other challenges to marketing this tech, not the least of which is packaging all the sensors and computers.

One of [the rules] dictates that anyone who gets behind the wheel must be properly trained. As the rules in each state currently stand, autonomous technology is limited to prototypes, not production vehicles.

Which option about the roots of the word concoct is correct? One of the roots in the word concoct is con-, which means "also." One of the roots in the word concoct is con-, which means "transmitted." One of the roots in the word concoct is coquere, which means "to cook." One of the roots in the word concoct is coquere -, which means "to conquer."

One of the roots in the word concoct is coquere, which means "to cook."

UNIT 4 LESSON 11

POSITIVE POWER

What piece of textual evidence from "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones" best supports the idea that the mobile-gaming industry is changing the way it acquires funding? Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones There seems to be a limit to how long companies can nurture a paying relationship with players without new hit games to bring in fresh blood. Zynga, the freemium-heavy social-games titan that made Farmville and Mafia Wars, lost $266 million last year. Crossy Road, which was released last November, is a descendant of the arcade classic Frogger but with a gonzo anarchical sense of humor. A freemium game but with a light touch, Crossy Road was created by a three-person team in Australia and so far has grossed more than $10 million. Even the larger studios have trouble innovating, because the nature of the free-to-play beast isn't about producing new games, it's about servicing a mass of gamers who are already addicted to your last game. Playdots also recently accepted a $10 million round of financing led by the VC firm Greycroft Partners and the Chinese media and communications giant Tencent, which will serve as a buffer between its creative process and the jagged, short-term exigencies of the marketplace.

Playdots also recently accepted a $10 million round of financing led by the VC firm Greycroft Partners and the Chinese media and communications giant Tencent, which will serve as a buffer between its creative process and the jagged, short-term exigencies of the marketplace.

Andie is writing an essay about herb gardening for the amateur gardener. Which entry would most likely be found in her annotated bibliography? Sanchez, Martha. "Successful Gardens Anywhere." Gardener's Monthly Review 3 June 2005: 12-14. This article lists plants—by hardiness and planting situation—that have proven successful for beginning gardeners. Johnson, Patrice. "Enticing Colors in the Garden." Gardener's Manual June 2006: 33-35. This article takes gardeners through the process of selecting and planting colorful combinations of annuals. Ziegler, Issac. Lessons in Landscaping. New York: Meredith Books, 1984. This book for professional landscape architects focuses on graphic design for commercial properties. Pippin, Pansy. "Containers with Flair." Flower Fashion 6 July 2006: 22-23. This article provides useful information on plant selection for patio flower gardens.

Sanchez, Martha. "Successful Gardens Anywhere." Gardener's Monthly Review 3 June 2005: 12-14. This article lists plants—by hardiness and planting situation—that have proven successful for beginning gardeners.

Which statements about mobile games function as key ideas in the article "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones"? (Select all that apply.) Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones So why do people make them? Because a) mobile games, as they're called, are relatively easy and inexpensive to develop, and b) a successful one pretty much prints money. These little games have become very big business, and they're only getting bigger. Last year global revenue from mobile games was about $25 billion, up a sharp 42% over 2013. Mobile games aren't like the older generation. A blockbuster triple-A console game like, say, a Call of Duty or an Assassin's Creed can take dozens of people years to create, on a budget of $100 million or more. There were puzzle games, role-playing games, strategy games, shoot-'em-ups, sports games, quizzes, war games, word games. Some were good. Some were bad. Some were truly terrible. The vast majority of them went unnoticed and sold poorly if at all.

So why do people make them? Because a) mobile games, as they're called, are relatively easy and inexpensive to develop, and b) a successful one pretty much prints money. These little games have become very big business, and they're only getting bigger. Last year global revenue from mobile games was about $25 billion, up a sharp 42% over 2013.

Reread the section Gas Shortages Spark Interest in Electric Vehicles in "The History of the Electric Car." Which options show excerpts from the section that best depict a cause-and-effect structure? (Select all that apply.) The History of the Electric Car Soaring oil prices and gasoline shortages—peaking with the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo—created a growing interest in lowering the U.S.'s dependence on foreign oil and finding homegrown sources of fuel. Cheap, abundant gasoline and continued improvement in the internal combustion engine hampered demand for alternative fuel vehicles. Yet, the vehicles developed and produced in the 1970s still suffered from drawbacks compared to gasoline-powered cars. Around this same time, many big and small automakers began exploring options for alternative fuel vehicles, including electric cars.

Soaring oil prices and gasoline shortages—peaking with the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo—created a growing interest in lowering the U.S.'s dependence on foreign oil and finding homegrown sources of fuel. Cheap, abundant gasoline and continued improvement in the internal combustion engine hampered demand for alternative fuel vehicles.

Which paragraph about spiders is written in the style and tone of informative writing? Spiders are arachnids, which differ from insects in many ways. Arachnids have eight legs instead of six, they have two main body parts instead of three, and they never grow antennae. Spiders can be found on almost every continent on Earth. While it is true that a few spiders can be harmful to humans or their pets, most spiders are harmless. Spiders also kill more harmful pests. Therefore, spiders are more good than bad. Many years ago, I had a bad experience with a spider. I was sitting on our family's back porch when a black widow crawled up my leg and bit me. One trip to the hospital later, I discovered that I am allergic to spider bites. Ever since then, I've never met a spider that I liked. Spiders are the most useful creatures on the planet because they eat a lot of other bugs. They're also a sign of good luck! No one should ever kill spiders.

Spiders are arachnids, which differ from insects in many ways. Arachnids have eight legs instead of six, they have two main body parts instead of three, and they never grow antennae. Spiders can be found on almost every continent on Earth.

A peer reviewer circled this sentence in your essay on study techniques: Meditation can help you to really focus in on calming your feelings and building your confidence. The reviewer's comment was "Split infinitive." Which reasons could you cite to justify this usage in your explanation to the reviewer? (Select all that apply.) Split infinitives are acceptable, according to authorities such as Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage. The sentence would not make sense if it were reworded without a split infinitive, so the split infinitive is required. Authorities such as Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage recommend that infinitives be split whenever possible. Rewording as "help you really to focus" makes the sentence sound awkward, so the split infinitive improves readability.

Split infinitives are acceptable, according to authorities such as Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage. Rewording as "help you really to focus" makes the sentence sound awkward, so the split infinitive improves readability.

Read the paragraph. Exercise can be an excellent method for fighting depression. Endorphins—chemicals naturally produced in the human brain—release into the body during exercise. These are the same hormones that are released into the body when people laugh. Studies have shown that people laugh less as they age. Endorphins decrease feelings of pain, fatigue, and stress. Which sentence from the paragraph is not relevant to the main idea? Studies have shown that people laugh less as they age. Exercise can be an excellent method for fighting depression. These are the same hormones that are released into the body when people laugh. Endorphins decrease feelings of pain, fatigue, and stress.

Studies have shown that people laugh less as they age.

UNIT 1 LESSON 4

THE PUBLIC PERILS OF TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 2 LESSON 7

THE SCIENCE OF SELF-CARE

What options correctly analyze why technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course, according to "Going Dark"? (Select all that apply.) Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because the public values privacy but does not understand the challenges the FBI and other law enforcement agencies face in a digital age. Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because the government continues to operate the way it did before the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because Apple and Google insist on keeping sophisticated types of encryption on their devices. Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because people are outraged when they hear about the Snowden case and similar disclosures of government intrusions.

Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because the public values privacy but does not understand the challenges the FBI and other law enforcement agencies face in a digital age. Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because the government continues to operate the way it did before the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act. Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because Apple and Google insist on keeping sophisticated types of encryption on their devices. **PARTIAL** Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because the public values privacy but does not understand the challenges the FBI and other law enforcement agencies face in a digital age. Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because Apple and Google insist on keeping sophisticated types of encryption on their devices. **PARTIAL** Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because people are outraged when they hear about the Snowden case and similar disclosures of government intrusions. Technology, privacy, and public safety are on a collision course because Apple and Google insist on keeping sophisticated types of encryption on their devices. **PARTIAL**

Reread "The History of the Electric Car." How does the overall structure of the article support the author's main point? The History of the Electric Car The article's comparison-and-contrast structure supports the author's main point that the problems of society helped to shape transportation in the past and present, and will continue to do so in the future. The article's sequential structure supports the author's main point that the needs of society have mandated the changes in technological advances of cars, from gas-powered to steam-powered to electric. The article's chronological structure supports the author's main point that the electric car has undergone many changes over the years, and therefore can be expected to continue evolving in the future. The article's cause-and-effect structure supports the author's main point that electric cars leave a much smaller carbon footprint in the environment and are beneficial to everyone's health and comfort.

The article's comparison-and-contrast structure supports the author's main point that the problems of society helped to shape transportation in the past and present, and will continue to do so in the future. **INCORRECT**

Read the excerpt from "The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids." That's because the researchers weren't interested in which students were perceived as popular, or as everyone's friend—rather, they wanted to know who was actually in a position to transmit social norms via direct interaction. (For simplicity's sake, I'm blending terms together just a bit. There isn't perfect overlap between popularity and degree of social connectedness, nor between conflict and bullying, but there is a fair amount of it. So even though this study is technically about an anti-conflict intervention, the researchers do see it as targeting bullying in important ways, and they reference bullying in the article.) Which options correctly explain the author's purpose for including the explanation that he presents in parentheses? (Select all that apply.) The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids The author contradicts the researchers because he feels that popularity should be considered in the study. The author makes the audience feel as if they are being told an important secret about popularity and bullying. The author is anticipating a counterargument that the study he cites is not directly on topic. The author wants the audience to know that he has done his homework on the topic, but he wants to keep his information separate from the information in the study.

The author contradicts the researchers because he feels that popularity should be considered in the study. The author makes the audience feel as if they are being told an important secret about popularity and bullying. **INCORRECT**

In "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic," the term sleep deprivation is introduced near the beginning of the article along with a list of effects of sleep deprivation. How is the meaning of sleep deprivation refined over the course of the article? Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic The author develops the definition by comparing the concept of sleep deprivation to insomnia, which is a major cause of stress and anxiety. The author elaborates on sleep deprivation by providing examples of each of the effects listed near the beginning of the article. The author expands the concept of sleep deprivation by using studies and information from medical professionals who are experts in sleep and sleep disorders. The author illustrates the problems with sleep deprivation by giving only real-life examples of teens who have dealt with and recovered from sleep disorders.

The author develops the definition by comparing the concept of sleep deprivation to insomnia, which is a major cause of stress and anxiety. The author elaborates on sleep deprivation by providing examples of each of the effects listed near the beginning of the article. **INCORRECT**

In "My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant," how does the author's depiction of his immigration problems contribute to the power of the article? My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant The author shows how the numerous issues he encountered while going to school, applying for jobs, and trying to live as an undocumented immigrant affected almost every aspect of his life. The author reveals that all immigrants struggle to overcome obstacles when they come to the US, regardless of whether they are legal or undocumented. The author illustrates how the multitude of laws confuses American citizens who must evaluate the legitimacy of undocumented immigrants applying for school and for jobs. The author exposes the ease with which undocumented immigrants obtain work visas, green cards, and passports once they get into the US.

The author shows how the numerous issues he encountered while going to school, applying for jobs, and trying to live as an undocumented immigrant affected almost every aspect of his life.

Read the excerpt from "The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids." Moreover, "students in treatment schools report[ed] higher levels of talking with friends about how to reduce conflict and of wearing anticonflict wristbands." Some of these effects were, as hypothesized, stronger when they came from those ultraconnected social-referent students: "[S]tudents exposed to social referent seeds were more likely to report in the survey that a friend discussed how to reduce conflict with them," and "also reported shifted perceptions of whether conflict was normative among their peers; they reported that more students in their school disapproved of conflict, relative to students in treatment schools who were not exposed to social referent seeds." In plain English, this just means that kids with lots of friends and acquaintances were better at spreading conflict-reducing messages than ones who lacked that degree of social connection. Which option correctly explains the author's purpose for his sentence that begins, "In plain English"? The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids The author pokes fun at the perspective of the researchers by using sarcasm in the "plain English" statement. The author explains the information in simple terms because he does not think the audience is smart enough to understand the researchers' explanation. The author takes the researchers' words and summarizes them in a humorous way to show the audience he has a sense of humor. The author simplifies the information for the audience to show them that he understands their need for explanation.

The author simplifies the information for the audience to show them that he understands their need for explanation.

In the Building the Central Brain section of "500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car," which statement best cites textual evidence to analyze the central idea that there are challenges to packaging the sensors and computers in the autonomous A7? 500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car The author states, "Each of the eight PCs in the back of our A7 serves a different function. They control data logging, planning a path, controlling steering, braking, and acceleration, operating the near field cameras, and fusing sensor data." The author states, "I turned the system on and off to get a feel for how it works, but I only felt the need to grab the wheel once—and only then to accommodate the Audi camera crew in a passing car." The author states, "The Audi team has put some 50,000 miles on the Highway Pilot feature, and will rack up many more before going public. From deer to sinkholes, highways hold a lot of potential hazards, and the system has to be prepared for them." The author states, "After the drive from Silicon Valley to Vegas, the car feels ready for showrooms. But Audi says there's more work to do. The rules that govern how the car adjusts its speed and position need more fine tuning, for example."

The author states, "Each of the eight PCs in the back of our A7 serves a different function. They control data logging, planning a path, controlling steering, braking, and acceleration, operating the near field cameras, and fusing sensor data."

Read the excerpt from "How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy." In Athens, future leaders were brought up in a more nurturing and peaceful way, at home with their mothers and nurses, starting education in music and poetry at age 6. They became pioneers of democracy, art, theater and culture. "Just like we can train people to kill, the same is true with empathy. You can be taught to be a Spartan or an Athenian—and you can be taught to be both," says Teny Gross, executive director of the outreach group Institute for the Study and Practice of Nonviolence in Providence, R.I., and a former sergeant in the Israeli army. Which options explain how the author uses rhetoric in the excerpt to persuade the audience of her claim that empathy can be taught? (Select all that apply.) How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy The author uses the opinion of a nonviolence expert and former Israeli soldier to provide a personal perspective on successful empathy training. The author uses words with strong positive connotations to highlight that the Athenian culture was characterized by empathy. The author uses the history of Sparta and Athens to anticipate the counterargument that empathy cannot be taught. The author uses sentence structure to de-emphasize the importance of the role of Spartans as a legitimate historical source for understanding empathy.

The author uses the opinion of a nonviolence expert and former Israeli soldier to provide a personal perspective on successful empathy training. The author uses words with strong positive connotations to highlight that the Athenian culture was characterized by empathy.

Read the excerpt from "How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy." When parents treat other people with compassion, selflessness and a lack of judgment, children copy those behaviors. "Empathy can't be taught, but it can be caught," says Gordon. What rhetorical features are being employed successfully in the excerpt? (Select all that apply.) How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy The author uses the words "compassion" and "selflessness," which have emotionally powerful and positive connotations. The author uses the rhyming words "taught" and "caught," which help the audience to remember the important statement made about empathy. The author uses "Roots of Empathy" founder Mary Gordon as an authority, which increases the believability of the information. The author uses "parents" and "children" as the focus of the supporting details, which strengthens the author's perspective.

The author uses the words "compassion" and "selflessness," which have emotionally powerful and positive connotations. The author uses "Roots of Empathy" founder Mary Gordon as an authority, which increases the believability of the information.

Read the excerpt from "How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy." Although some gangsters and sociopaths may never be reachable, Gross holds out hope. He points to statistics like the near halving of the U.S. murder rate over the past 20 years that suggest a "different life is possible. It's not easy, but a lot of it is common sense," he says. Which options best explain how the author uses word connotation to influence the audience? (Select all that apply.) How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy The author uses the words "gangsters" and "sociopaths" to convey the idea that only certain extremists could be resistant to empathy training. The author uses the words "may never be reachable" to convey the idea that the challenge of empathy training will be nearly impossible to overcome. The author uses the phrase "common sense" to convey the sense that the solution to bullying is simple and will be easy to implement. The author uses the phrase "near halving" to convey the sense of hope that the murder rate is dramatically decreasing and that a positive change is therefore already happening.

The author uses the words "gangsters" and "sociopaths" to convey the idea that only certain extremists could be resistant to empathy training. The author uses the words "may never be reachable" to convey the idea that the challenge of empathy training will be nearly impossible to overcome.

Read the excerpt from "The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids." This intervention model can be likened to a grassroots campaign in which the seed students took the lead and customized the intervention to address the problems they noted at their school. Notably, it lacked an educational or persuasive unit regarding adult-defined problems at their school. Which option best explains how the rhetoric used in the excerpt reveals the author's perspective? (Select all that apply.) The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids The author wants to emphasize the importance of the seed students to the success of the study. The author wants the audience to note that the model lacked any sort of disruption by the educational leaders of the schools. The author wants to draw attention to the grassroots element of the model as critical in the success of the study. The author wants the audience to be persuaded that adult-defined intervention models have little or no value.

The author wants to emphasize the importance of the seed students to the success of the study. The author wants to draw attention to the grassroots element of the model as critical in the success of the study.

Read the excerpt from "16 Things I've Learned from 16 Years of Dealing with Depression." My brain was such a chatterbox. I used to shut it up via booze or food or other temporary and thoroughly ineffective attempts at self-medication. Which options best explain the meaning of the metaphor "My brain was such a chatterbox"? (Select all that apply.) 16 Things I've Learned from 16 Years of Dealing with Depression The author's brain, like a separate person, would not stop saying negative things about her. The author's brain, like a separate person, would not allow her to think rationally. The author's brain, like a separate person, was an enemy that had to be quieted. The author's brain, like a separate person, would not begin to help her with her depression.

The author's brain, like a separate person, would not stop saying negative things about her. The author's brain, like a separate person, would not allow her to think rationally. The author's brain, like a separate person, was an enemy that had to be quieted. **PARTIAL** The author's brain, like a separate person, would not allow her to think rationally. The author's brain, like a separate person, was an enemy that had to be quieted. **PARTIAL**

Which sentence best states a central idea in the section of the article "500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car" titled A Baby Step into the Future? 500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car The autonomous A7 represents one of the biggest steps forward of any automaker with self-driving cars. Highway driving is the one and only way the autonomous A7 will be used as a self-driving car. The autonomous A7 is the premier self-driving car and has amassed over 700,000 highway miles. Highway driving with the autonomous A7 allows everyone to accept the technology involved with self-driving cars.

The autonomous A7 represents one of the biggest steps forward of any automaker with self-driving cars.

Read the excerpt from "The History of the Electric Car." But as Americans became more prosperous, they turned to the newly invented motor vehicle—available in steam, gasoline or electric versions—to get around. Steam was a tried and true energy source, having proved reliable for powering factories and trains. Some of the first self-propelled vehicles in the late 1700s relied on steam; yet it took until the 1870s for the technology to take hold in cars. Part of this is because steam wasn't very practical for personal vehicles. Steam vehicles required long startup times—sometimes up to 45 minutes in the cold—and would need to be refilled with water, limiting their range. As electric vehicles came onto the market, so did a new type of vehicle—the gasoline-powered car—thanks to improvements to the internal combustion engine in the 1800s. While gasoline cars had promise, they weren't without their faults. They required a lot of manual effort to drive—changing gears was no easy task and they needed to be started with a hand crank, making them difficult for some to operate. They were also noisy, and their exhaust was unpleasant. Electric cars didn't have any of the issues associated with steam or gasoline. They were quiet, easy to drive and didn't emit a smelly pollutant like the other cars of the time. Electric cars quickly became popular with urban residents—especially women. They were perfect for short trips around the city, and poor road conditions outside cities meant few cars of any type could venture farther. As more people gained access to electricity in the 1910s, it became easier to charge electric cars, adding to their popularity with all walks of life [...] Which option clearly explains how the structure of the excerpt clarifies its claim? The History of the Electric Car The chronological structure allows the author to provide in-depth information about the important qualities of each type of car. The sequential structure allows the author to explain the faults or problems with gasoline and steam vehicles and to offer the electric car as the solution. The comparison-and-contrast structure allows the author to emphasize the positive qualities of the electric vehicle when compared to gasoline and steam vehicles. The cause-and-effect structure allows the author to make the point that gasoline is a pollutant.

The chronological structure allows the author to provide in-depth information about the important qualities of each type of car. **INCORRECT**

Read the excerpt from "Household Robots Are Here, but Where Are They Going?" But fairly soon it will be routine for homeowners to bark out "turn the lights down 20 percent" and have it happen. Eventually, a robot-controlled smart home will "understand where a person is in the home and know what they want" without even being asked, says Michael Wolf, the founder of NextMarket Insights. He estimates that the market for owner-installed smart homes will rise from about $1.3 billion today to about $7.8 billion by 2019. Which option describes how the central idea is developed in the excerpt? Household Robots Are Here, but Where Are They Going? The excerpt conveys the idea that house prices will rise as social robots become more common in the home. The excerpt explains how the current functions of social robots are best applied to basic tasks within the home. The excerpt conveys the idea that basic functions in a smart home are best performed by a social robot and not its human residents. The excerpt explains how different types of social robots function differently in the home, based on the commands given.

The excerpt conveys the idea that house prices will rise as social robots become more common in the home. **INCORRECT**

You are writing an essay about teens and sleep deprivation, and want to use some information from Ruthann Richter's article "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic" as support. In your essay, you write According to Ruthann Richter, at least one study has shown that later school start times in the morning lead to higher self-reported student well-being ("Among Teens"). Which options explain why this strategy is a successful way to ensure academic integrity? (Select all that apply.) The information is concisely summarized and paraphrased. The information and its author are properly cited in MLA format. The information is clearly conveying accurate study results. The information is directly quoted from the author.

The information is concisely summarized and paraphrased. The information and its author are properly cited in MLA format. The information is clearly conveying accurate study results. **PARTIAL** The information is directly quoted from the author. The information is clearly conveying accurate study results. **INCORRECT**

Read the excerpt from "How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change?" "The grid is ready for this. And transportation will benefit from it," said Ed Kjaer, director of transportation electrification for Southern California Edison. Edison is mandated by state law to increase the amount of renewable energy. Currently, 22 percent of all the energy supplied by SCE comes from renewables and that must reach 50 percent by 2030, he said. He called transportation the last industrial sector to electrify. Cars can plug in to the grid at night, when power is not being used by air conditioners. By increasing usage, it forces Edison to add new solar, wind and geothermal plants to the grid, he said. "We see the benefits of connecting transportation to the grid: reducing GHGs, air quality and increasing efficiency of the electrical system while helping to introduce renewables into the system," Kjaer said. California air quality rules require an increasing scale of zero-emission vehicles each year, Duvall explained. The numbers will go from 35,000 a year to double in 2018 to 15 percent of all car sales by 2025. Oregon and several Northeastern states have adopted California's ZEV targets, meaning these states will see more EV sales as well. Duvall says it is possible there will be close to 4 million EVs on the road in the U.S. by 2025. Which options correctly analyze the overall effectiveness of the proposition-and-support text structure in the excerpt? (Select all that apply.) How Much Can Electric Cars Impact Climate Change? The proposition-and-support structure is effective because it clarifies the claim that the grid can handle the increase in usage that will result from electrifying transportation. The proposition-and-support structure is effective because it emphasizes the positive effects of connecting transportation to the grid. The proposition-and-support structure is effective because it provides a timeline as to when states will adopt California's zero-emission vehicle targets. The proposition-and-support structure is effective because it compares California targets to Northeastern states' targets.

The proposition-and-support structure is effective because it clarifies the claim that the grid can handle the increase in usage that will result from electrifying transportation. The proposition-and-support structure is effective because it emphasizes the positive effects of connecting transportation to the grid. The proposition-and-support structure is effective because it provides a timeline as to when states will adopt California's zero-emission vehicle targets. **PARTIAL**

Which option best identifies a key idea that the speaker states in "Going Dark"? Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? The public needs to understand exactly what the FBI gains through encryption of data on cell phones and computers. The public needs to understand that its need for privacy must be evaluated alongside knowledge of what the FBI does and why. The public needs to understand that even though technology has changed the world we live in, law enforcement cannot change without the public's help. The public needs to understand that the FBI and law enforcement can get critical information about criminal suspects from phones and other devices.

The public needs to understand exactly what the FBI gains through encryption of data on cell phones and computers. The public needs to understand that the FBI and law enforcement can get critical information about criminal suspects from phones and other devices. **INCORRECT**

Which option best identifies a key idea that the speaker states in "Going Dark"? Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? The public needs to understand that the FBI and law enforcement can get critical information about criminal suspects from phones and other devices. The public needs to understand exactly what the FBI gains through encryption of data on cell phones and computers. The public needs to understand that its need for privacy must be evaluated alongside knowledge of what the FBI does and why. The public needs to understand that even though technology has changed the world we live in, law enforcement cannot change without the public's help.

The public needs to understand that the FBI and law enforcement can get critical information about criminal suspects from phones and other devices. **INCORRECT**

Which sentence demonstrates writing in a style and tone that are most appropriate for an audience of professional scientists? The results of the experiment showed a quantifiable decrease in oxygen levels. An experiment is a test to see whether or not evidence will support a scientist's hypothesis. We couldn't wait to see the results of our experiment! The oxygen levels went way down beyond what was expected.

The results of the experiment showed a quantifiable decrease in oxygen levels.

Reread the Where Do We Go from Here? section of the article "Going Dark," which discusses the problem with law enforcement tools used to investigate criminals. Which options correctly explain the speaker's solution to this problem? (Select all that apply.) Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? The speaker discusses the need for assistance from communications companies, the private sector, the government, and the public. The speaker says that he will work with Congress, the private sector, law enforcement, and national security. The speaker asserts that the American public needs to understand what the FBI does and the means it uses to do it. The speaker provides three issues that are negatively impacted when court-authorized law enforcement tools are limited: cost, efficiency, and time.

The speaker discusses the need for assistance from communications companies, the private sector, the government, and the public. The speaker says that he will work with Congress, the private sector, law enforcement, and national security. The speaker asserts that the American public needs to understand what the FBI does and the means it uses to do it. **PARTIAL** The speaker discusses the need for assistance from communications companies, the private sector, the government, and the public. The speaker provides three issues that are negatively impacted when court-authorized law enforcement tools are limited: cost, efficiency, and time. **PARTIAL** The speaker discusses the need for assistance from communications companies, the private sector, the government, and the public. The speaker says that he will work with Congress, the private sector, law enforcement, and national security. **PARTIAL**

Reread the section called Case Examples from the article "Going Dark." Which options correctly explain how the speaker develops the idea that encryption of phones can hinder law enforcement from doing its job effectively? (Select all that apply.) Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? The speaker provides real-life examples of how accessing the content of phones helped solve crimes. The speaker discusses FOMO, a real-life fear that results from not having your smartphone or access to the Internet. The speaker mentions some potential results if law enforcement cannot get the information it needs: Homicide suspects or child predators could walk free. The speaker lists three items that are important to access when gathering evidence: smartphones, hard drives, and online communication.

The speaker provides real-life examples of how accessing the content of phones helped solve crimes. The speaker discusses FOMO, a real-life fear that results from not having your smartphone or access to the Internet. **PARTIAL** The speaker provides real-life examples of how accessing the content of phones helped solve crimes. The speaker discusses FOMO, a real-life fear that results from not having your smartphone or access to the Internet. The speaker lists three items that are important to access when gathering evidence: smartphones, hard drives, and online communication. **PARTIAL** The speaker provides real-life examples of how accessing the content of phones helped solve crimes. The speaker lists three items that are important to access when gathering evidence: smartphones, hard drives, and online communication.

Read the excerpt from "Confessions of a Depressed Comic." And know that you're sick, you're not weak, and it's an issue, not an identity, because when you get past the fear and the ridicule and the judgment and the stigma of others, you can see depression for what it really is, and that's just a part of life, just a part of life, and as much as I hate, as much as I hate some of the places, some of the parts of my life depression has dragged me down to, in a lot of ways I'm grateful for it. Because yeah, it's put me in the valleys, but only to show me there's peaks, and yeah it's dragged me through the dark but only to remind me there is light. Which option correctly explains the meaning of the figurative language in the excerpt? Confessions of a Depressed Comic The speaker uses the valleys and peaks as a metaphor to represent how his negative experiences have helped him to appreciate the positive ones. The speaker uses the dark and light as hyperbole to overstate how his experiences with despair have helped him to have hope. The speaker refers to the issue and identity by using personification to represent how he thinks that his disease might be one part of him but isn't the whole person. The speaker refers to the sick and weak by using a simile to represent how his negative view of himself stems from a disease, not a weakness.

The speaker uses the valleys and peaks as a metaphor to represent how his negative experiences have helped him to appreciate the positive ones.

Read the excerpt from "The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids." For all of the efforts schools put into reducing bullying, there's actually a dearth of rigorous evidence about what makes for effective anti-bullying intervention. The classic approach—pile kids into an auditorium and lecture them on the dangers of bullying, perhaps including a sad story about its effects along the way—doesn't appear to really work. Which option best analyzes the rhetorical effect of the author's style in the excerpt? The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids The statement "perhaps including a sad story about its effects along the way" creates a mocking tone that ridicules previous anti-bullying efforts, thus supporting the author's claim that new efforts are needed. The statement "pile kids into the auditorium and lecture them" creates a vivid visual image that helps readers see that teens are often treated unfairly. The phrase "dearth of rigorous evidence" creates a negative tone that diminishes the scientific studies that have been produced on this subject, thus supporting the author's claim that scientific study is worthless. The phrase "classic approach" creates a positive connotation that helps readers see that sometimes the old ways of doing things are the best ways.

The statement "perhaps including a sad story about its effects along the way" creates a mocking tone that ridicules previous anti-bullying efforts, thus supporting the author's claim that new efforts are needed.

In which sentence is the word surveillance used correctly? The undercover detectives hid in a tree while they conducted surveillance on the suspect's house. The market researcher asked the woman to fill out a surveillance about her favorite brands of merchandise. The market researcher's surveillance of the products convinced the woman to purchase them. The undercover detectives broke the surveillance on the suspect's house when they climbed on the roof.

The undercover detectives hid in a tree while they conducted surveillance on the suspect's house.

Read the dictionary entries. continual adj. occurring at intervals; recurring regularly or frequently continuous adj. occurring without interruption in time or sequence Which sentence demonstrates the best use of a form of continuous? The warning siren blew continuously for three long minutes. I'm continuously surprised by the number of birds in the park. Our football team was continuously victorious, week after week. The child continuously requested a glass of water before bedtime.

The warning siren blew continuously for three long minutes.

Which statement from "500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car" best develops the central idea that making preparations to drive the autonomous A7 was much more difficult than actually driving the car? 500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car The way Audi sees it, anyone given the responsibility of piloting this device on public roads had damned well be up to the task of taking over, because if you need to grab the wheel, the odds are something's gone terribly amiss. All the gadgetry that keeps it squarely centered in its lane at precisely the speed you select is discreetly incorporated into the car. It may even seem like a glorified version of adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning and other semi-autonomous tech you can get on many high-end sedans these days. VW's instructors, who have forgotten more than you've ever known about driving, led me through a slew of exercises in a GTI that's been driven hard. I had to drive a slalom, then drive it in reverse.

The way Audi sees it, anyone given the responsibility of piloting this device on public roads had damned well be up to the task of taking over, because if you need to grab the wheel, the odds are something's gone terribly amiss.

Which option offers the best description of the word ilk? The word ilk is a noun that means "sort" or "type." The word ilk is an adjective that means "key" or "main." The word ilk is an adverb that means "sort of" or "typical of." The word ilk is a verb that means "to key in" or "to type."

The word ilk is a noun that means "sort" or "type."

Read the excerpt from "16 Things I've Learned from 16 Years of Dealing with Depression." Our brains are designed to be habitual, so neural pathways form from our negative thought patterns, and this, in turn, can have seriously deleterious effects on us (hence the negative effects of stress on our bodies). Which options are examples of context clues for the meaning of the word deleterious? (Select all that apply.) The words hence the negative effects are an additional-description context clue for the word deleterious. The word stress is an example context clue for the word deleterious. The words on our bodies are a details context clue for the word deleterious. The word habitual is a comparison context clue for the word deleterious.

The words hence the negative effects are an additional-description context clue for the word deleterious. The word stress is an example context clue for the word deleterious.

Which responses correctly identify words that share a root with the word monolith? (Select all that apply.) The words monolith and monologue both contain the root "mono-," which means "having only one." The words monolith and monetary both contain the root "mon-," which means "money." The words monolith and lithe both contain the root "lith-," which means "slim and graceful." The words monolith and lithograph both contain the root "lith-," which means "stone."

The words monolith and monologue both contain the root "mono-," which means "having only one." The words monolith and lithograph both contain the root "lith-," which means "stone."

Read the passage. The youth group members are baking cookies tonight they plan to sell them at a bake sale. To raise money for the local food bank. Which options show ways to revise the passage and make it correct? (Select all that apply.) The youth group members are baking cookies tonight. They plan to sell them at a bake sale to raise money for the local food bank. The youth group members are baking cookies tonight; they plan to sell them at a bake sale to raise money for the local food bank. The youth group members are baking cookies tonight they plan to sell them at a bake sale to raise money for the local food bank. The youth group members are baking cookies tonight, they plan to sell them at a bake sale. To raise money for the local food bank.

The youth group members are baking cookies tonight. They plan to sell them at a bake sale to raise money for the local food bank. The youth group members are baking cookies tonight; they plan to sell them at a bake sale to raise money for the local food bank.

Which option correctly identifies a key idea in "Going Dark"? Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? There is not a conflict between liberty and security; security enhances liberty. Apple and Google see encryption from a marketing standpoint. The public is wise to be skeptical of government, especially in the wake of Snowden's story. Terrorists can use social media to recruit individuals to their cause and can plan and execute attacks

There is not a conflict between liberty and security; security enhances liberty.

Which option correctly identifies a key idea in "Going Dark"? Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? There is not a conflict between liberty and security; security enhances liberty. Terrorists can use social media to recruit individuals to their cause and can plan and execute attacks. The public is wise to be skeptical of government, especially in the wake of Snowden's story. Apple and Google see encryption from a marketing standpoint.

There is not a conflict between liberty and security; security enhances liberty.

Read the sentence. The author of "Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head" claims that the act of hacking is a deep-seated psychological illness. What textual evidence supports this statement? (Select all that apply.) Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head These disorders often come with an obvious "addiction" to the sheer thrill of hacking, born of having found ways around the supposed ingenuity of "invulnerable" cyber security defences. By the nature of their actions, most Black Hats have a self-styled ethico-moral code, working to their own rules generally formulated against a backdrop of the "us and them" mentality. A consideration of the hacker generation of the 1970s and 1980s suggests behaviours that appear driven by a mixture of arrogance plus an inability to easily distinguish right and wrong from good and bad ... While Mitnick was—and arguably still is—the archetypal shy-boy-turned-extrovert-on-stage actor, McKinnon appears to remain relatively withdrawn—which is not surprising when you consider the pressure he was under for a decade.

These disorders often come with an obvious "addiction" to the sheer thrill of hacking, born of having found ways around the supposed ingenuity of "invulnerable" cyber security defences. By the nature of their actions, most Black Hats have a self-styled ethico-moral code, working to their own rules generally formulated against a backdrop of the "us and them" mentality. A consideration of the hacker generation of the 1970s and 1980s suggests behaviours that appear driven by a mixture of arrogance plus an inability to easily distinguish right and wrong from good and bad ... **PARTIAL** These disorders often come with an obvious "addiction" to the sheer thrill of hacking, born of having found ways around the supposed ingenuity of "invulnerable" cyber security defences. A consideration of the hacker generation of the 1970s and 1980s suggests behaviours that appear driven by a mixture of arrogance plus an inability to easily distinguish right and wrong from good and bad ... While Mitnick was—and arguably still is—the archetypal shy-boy-turned-extrovert-on-stage actor, McKinnon appears to remain relatively withdrawn—which is not surprising when you consider the pressure he was under for a decade. **PARTIAL**

A central idea in the Learning Not to Drive section of "500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car" is "although the interior appears to be completely standard, some aspects of the interior make it special." Which sentence best states how this central idea is developed in the article? 500 Miles in a Self-Driving Car This idea is developed by an image of the basic interior and the steering wheel of the autonomous A7. This idea is developed by an explanation of why the expert designers of the autonomous A7 included audio and visual alerts. This idea is developed by a description of features that are found on the dashboard of the autonomous A7. This idea is developed by the inclusion of information about the number of people and countries that have tested the autonomous A7.

This idea is developed by a description of features that are found on the dashboard of the autonomous A7.

UNIT 2 LESSON 2

WHY HACKERS HACK

You have been asked to write a research paper based on this prompt: Several recent reports indicate that although women are studying engineering in greater and greater numbers, many quit engineering during or after school. Women are leaving the profession in vastly higher numbers than men and are choosing to enter other fields. Based on the prompt, which research question most effectively demonstrates an appropriate focus and scope for your research paper? What other fields are women choosing to enter once they leave engineering? Where is engineering as a profession headed? Why are women studying engineering in greater numbers? What could be causing women to drop out of jobs and programs in engineering?

What other fields are women choosing to enter once they leave engineering? **INCORRECT**

Read the excerpt from the article "Going Dark." Cyber adversaries will exploit any vulnerability they find. But it makes more sense to address any security risks by developing intercept solutions during the design phase, rather than resorting to a patchwork solution when law enforcement comes knocking after the fact. And with sophisticated encryption, there might be no solution, leaving the government at a dead end—all in the name of privacy and network security. Which words in the excerpt provide a context clue that helps you find the meaning of the word vulnerability? address any security risks in the name of privacy resorting to a patchwork solution after the fact Partial

address any security risks

Read the excerpt from "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic." Social and cultural factors, as well as the advent of technology, all have collided with the biology of the adolescent to prevent teens from getting enough rest. Since the early 1990s, it's been established that teens have a biologic tendency to go to sleep later—as much as two hours later—than their younger counterparts. Yet when they enter their high school years, they find themselves at schools that typically start the day at a relatively early hour. So their time for sleep is compressed, and many are jolted out of bed before they are physically or mentally ready. In the process, they not only lose precious hours of rest, but their natural rhythm is disrupted, as they are being robbed of the dream-rich, rapid-eye-movement stage of sleep, some of the deepest, most productive sleep time, said pediatric sleep specialist Rafael Pelayo, MD, with the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic. Which option identifies a key phrase that is most important to comprehend when it comes to the idea that teens fall asleep much later than younger children? Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic biologic tendency social and cultural factors physically or mentally ready pediatric sleep

biologic tendency

What is the correct definition of the word piecemeal? bit by bit accomplished all at once meal by meal cooked ahead of time

bit by bit

Which parts of the writing process are typically used to generate ideas at the beginning of a project? (Select all that apply.) brainstorming mapping reviewing editing

brainstorming mapping

Read the paragraph from "The History of the Electric Car," which claims that the Model T was the major force to challenge electric cars. Yet, it was Henry Ford's mass-produced Model T that dealt a blow to the electric car. Introduced in 1908, the Model T made gasoline-powered cars widely available and affordable. By 1912, the gasoline car cost only $650, while an electric roadster sold for $1,750. That same year, Charles Kettering introduced the electric starter, eliminating the need for the hand crank and giving rise to more gasoline-powered vehicle sales. Which options best explain how the excerpt's proposition-and-support structure effectively supports the claim? (Select all that apply.) The History of the Electric Car by discussing the affordability of gasoline-powered cars by discussing the popularity of gasoline-powered cars by mentioning the quality of gasoline-powered cars by mentioning the convenience of gasoline-powered cars

by discussing the affordability of gasoline-powered cars by discussing the popularity of gasoline-powered cars **PARTIAL**

In "Teens, Your Brain Needs Real Food," how is the meaning of the word carbohydrate refined over the course of the text? Teens, Your Brain Needs Real Food by the comparison of the various kinds of carbohydrates and their effectiveness by the descriptions of the different types of carbohydrates and their effects by the explanations about how carbohydrates change brain functions by the inclusion of the most and least effective times to consume carbohydrates

by the comparison of the various kinds of carbohydrates and their effectiveness **INCORRECT**

Read the excerpt from "Confessions of a Depressed Comic." And I don't know what the solution is. I wish I did, but I don't—but I think, I think it has to start here. It has to start with me, it has to start with you, it has to start with the people who are suffering, the ones who are hidden in the shadows. We need to speak up and shatter the silence. We need to be the ones who are brave for what we believe in, because if there's one thing that I've come to realize, if there's one thing that I see as the biggest problem, it's not in building a world where we eliminate the ignorance of others. The speaker uses the phrase "shatter the silence" to __________. Which option best completes the statement? Confessions of a Depressed Comic challenge the audience to take action, encouraging them to stop ignoring depression and those who are suffering from it tell the audience to step forward, acknowledging that being open and honest is one of the most common ways of dealing with depression give the audience the power to fight back, persuading them to seek out and find treatment for people who are coping with depression show the audience the major issues, explaining that many people are suffering from depression and doing nothing about it

challenge the audience to take action, encouraging them to stop ignoring depression and those who are suffering from it

"I have difficulty remembering events of that year, and I think it's because I didn't get enough sleep," she said. "The lack of sleep rendered me emotionally useless. I couldn't address the stress because I had no coherent thoughts. I couldn't step back and have perspective. ... You could probably talk to any teen and find they reach their breaking point. You've pushed yourself so much and not slept enough and you just lose it." Chloe uses the words "had no coherent thoughts" in explaining her issues with lack of sleep, which caused her thoughts to not be [blank] . Which options best complete the sentence? (Select all that apply.) Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic clear and rational reasonable and consistent frustrating and worrisome forced and necessary

clear and rational reasonable and consistent

Read the four sentences from "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones." [1] This equation is getting harder to balance because as more and more developers get into the market, drawn by those fat revenue numbers, they compete for a finite pool of advertising, driving up prices, with the result that user-acquisition costs are going up faster than revenues are. [2] According to one estimate by the mobile-marketing-technology firm Fiksu, the cost to acquire a loyal user was $2.74 in April, up 80% from the previous year. [3] To jack up revenue numbers, publishers have to resort to more and more aggressive business models. [4] In other words: freemium. Which statement best describes the type of evidence and its purpose as presented in Sentence 2? Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones data, to support the claim that user-acquisition costs are rising quickly quotation, to cite an expert opinion fact, to support the claim that mobile users are loyal definition, to explain what user-acquisition cost means

data, to support the claim that user-acquisition costs are rising quickly

Read the dictionary entry. incumbent adjective 1. imposed as an obligation or duty; obligatory 2. lying, leaning, or resting on something else 3. currently holding a specified office noun 4. a person who holds an office Read the sentence. The incumbent senator was the favored candidate in the state's primary election. Which definition of incumbent fits the meaning and part of speech of the word as it is used in the sentence? definition 3 definition 2 definition 4 definition 1

definition 3

Read the sentence. The scientist wanted to fabricate a new compound. Read the dictionary definition for fabricate. fabricate (fab-ri-kate) v. 1. to doctor 2. to contrive 3. to fake 4. to create Which definition of fabricate is used in the sentence? definition 4 definition 2 definition 3 definition 1

definition 4

Read the sentence. The teenagers rushed to get their smartphones so that they could take pictures of their sand castle before the rising tide eradicated all traces of it. Which word most precisely matches the meaning of eradicated as it is used in the sentence? destroyed disguised damaged infiltrated

destroyed

Which words used in the Understanding Teen Sleep section of "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic" are most important to understand when it comes to how experts monitored the sleep cycles of teens at a sleep camp? (Select all that apply.) Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic electrodes electroencephalogram dormitory dogma

electrodes electroencephalogram

Read the sentence. As the weather turned to pouring rain, we yelled, "Carpe diem!" and decided to play outside in the little streams that were collecting on the sidewalk. The words carpe diem are a Latin phrase that means "seize the day." In the context of the sentence, which is the best definition of carpe diem? enjoy the present let it rain forget the past today's the day

enjoy the present

Read the excerpt from "How Not to Raise a Bully: The Early Roots of Empathy." "People have a sense of justice," Gross says, explaining why even troubled teens respond well when counselors, with whom they have an ongoing relationship, take a firm stance with them regarding their behavior. "[Our kids are] used to injustice; they're used to abuse at school and from the police. But when constraints come from a place of love and caring, people don't think it violates their sense of justice." Which words in the excerpt provide a context clue that helps you find the meaning of the word constraints? violates troubled teen firm stance respond

firm stance

Read the thesaurus entry. ponderous adj. 1. heavy 2. boring 3. bulky 4. dull Read the sentence. His footsteps were plodding and ponderous as he trudged down the street on his way home after his long practice. Which synonym best matches the meaning of ponderous as it is used in the sentence? heavy bulky dull boring

heavy

Read the excerpt from "Confessions of a Depressed Comic." Well, two years ago it was my problem, because I sat on the edge of my bed where I'd sat a million times before and I was suicidal. Kevin Breel uses the hyperbole "a million times" in his presentation to emphasize _[blank]_. Which options best complete the statement? (Select all that apply.) Confessions of a Depressed Comic how it was a normal thing for him to sit on his bed before two years ago how out of touch he was with what he was doing because of his depression how often he has considered suicide how suicidal thoughts were new to him

how it was a normal thing for him to sit on his bed before two years ago how out of touch he was with what he was doing because of his depression how often he has considered suicide **PARTIAL** how it was a normal thing for him to sit on his bed before two years ago how often he has considered suicide **PARTIAL**

Which type of evidence is not directly stated in a text? implicit evidence valid evidence sufficient evidence relevant evidence

implicit evidence

Which type of evidence includes information that is not connected to an idea or point? invalid evidence explicit evidence insufficient evidence irrelevant evidence

invalid evidence **INCORRECT**

Which type of evidence includes information that is not connected to an idea or point? irrelevant evidence invalid evidence insufficient evidence explicit evidence

irrelevant evidence

What is the best synonym of the word alienation? isolation indication illustration irritation

isolation

Read the sentence. The author uses the term sleep debt in "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic" to convey that [blank] . Which answer best completes the sentence? Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic less than five hours of sleep a night for teens causes them to become increasingly more tired throughout the course of a week teens are naturally inclined to sleep less during the night and sleep more during the day due to irregular sleep patterns this concept has not yet been developed but is the basis for teens driving drowsy and, as a result, causing horrible accidents as teens grow older, they tend to go to bed much later and get up much earlier than most adults and younger adolescents

less than five hours of sleep a night for teens causes them to become increasingly more tired throughout the course of a week

Read the sentence from "The Key to Stop Bullying: Popular Kids." In another activity, seed students gave an orange wristband with the intervention logo (a tree) as a reward to students who were observed engaging in friendly or conflict-mitigating behaviors (over 2,500 wristbands were distributed and tracked). What word is a synonym of the word mitigating? lessening causing avoiding enclosing

lessening

Read the excerpt from "Teens, Your Brain Needs Real Food." Adolescents need more daily calories than at any other point in their lives, according to the AAP. The group recommends teenage boys consume 2,800 calories each day and suggests 2,200 daily calories for teen girls. These caloric needs are greater for teens who are also athletes or in certain stages of development: "A 12-year-old going through puberty is going to need more calories, and nutrient needs will be higher than another child at that age who has not yet reached puberty," Mangieri says. And dieting to cut calories often isn't healthy—teens who do so run the risk of falling short on essential nutrients. "Teens need more nutrients than anyone," Mangieri adds. Which word in the excerpt is most important to understand when it comes to the necessary substances all teens need for growth and development? Teens, Your Brain Needs Real Food nutrients puberty adolescents calories

nutrients

Which paragraph from "My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant" is an example of using stylistic voice to convey the author's honesty about his true self? My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant paragraph 44 paragraph 48 paragraph 25 paragraph 29

paragraph 25

n which sections of "My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant" does the author convey a discouraging tone? (Select all that apply.) My Life as an Undocumented Immigrant paragraph 7 paragraph 46 paragraph 58 paragraph 10

paragraph 7 paragraph 46 paragraph 58

Complete the sentence. When you sign a petition, you sign a(n) [blank] . request inquest bequest conquest

request

Read the sentence from "Cyber-psychopathy: What Goes On in a Hacker's Head." These days Mitnick is billed on the keynote circuit as a hallowed "ex-hacker..." Which option provides the best synonym for the word hallowed? respected famous unemployed knowledgeable

respected

Reread the section called The Challenge of Going Dark from the article "Going Dark." Which option best describes what the speaker most likely sees as a way to address the current limitations on lawful authority? Going Dark: Are Technology, Privacy, and Public Safety on a Collision Course? revision of electronic surveillance procedures revision of the rules behind court orders and lawful authority revision of the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act revision of the rule of law

revision of electronic surveillance procedures **INCORRECT**

Read the statement. In "Teens, Your Brain Needs Real Food," a key term that is necessary to understand when it comes to the most harmful fat that people can put in their bodies is [blank] . Which option best completes the statement? Teens, Your Brain Needs Real Food saturated unsaturated monounsaturated polyunsaturated

saturated

Read the passage, which explains the value of honeybees and the scientific concern over their survival. (1) Since the 1980s, honeybee health has been rapidly declining. (2) Honeybees pollinate about a third of the crops in the United States, and most flowering plants depend on honeybees to survive. (3) Scientists are struggling to learn the cause of the problem, which has led to the loss of many commercial beehives. (4) Since the 1980s, the number of commercial colonies has dropped from five billion to 2.5 million, and many of the surviving colonies have diseased hives. (5) Commercial beekeepers typically stay in business year-round, hauling their colonies to warm areas of the country during the winter so they can meet demands for out-of-season crops. Which sentence could be eliminated because it fails to support the main idea of the passage? sentence 5 sentence 4 sentence 3 sentence 2

sentence 5

Read the sentence from "Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections." Instead of our brain being like a little computer that orders the body around, the body-brain relation is a two-way street. What figurative language is used in the sentence? (Select all that apply.) Primates, Empathy, and Making Connections simile: "brain ... like a little computer" metaphor: "body-brain relation is a two-way street" personification: "computer that orders the body around" paradox: "instead of our brain"

simile: "brain ... like a little computer" metaphor: "body-brain relation is a two-way street"

Imagine that you are a writer whose task is to write an article for an audience of amateur chefs about how to make quick snacks for a party. Which information would be most important to include in the text? simple, easy-to-follow directions gluten-free, vegan, and sugar-free options instructions for elaborate decorating of pastries a list of exotic gourmet ingredients

simple, easy-to-follow directions

Read the statement about mobile games from "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones." These little games have become very big business, and they're only getting bigger. Which piece of evidence represents the best choice to use in support of this statement? Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones statistics about mobile-game players anecdotes from mobile-game creators experts' projections about the future of mobile gaming dollar amounts of game earnings

statistics about mobile-game players experts' projections about the future of mobile gaming **INCORRECT**

Read the excerpt from "Video Games in the Age of Cell Phones." But it's not just a menu, the levels are arranged along a path, and the path runs through a strange little universe, subtly animated, with sea and snow, forest and desert, up into a spacey celestial wonderland and beyond. Completing the levels becomes a journey. The little universe is populated by enigmatic but appealing creatures—a giant squid, a dancing yeti, a snoozing fox—who keep you company on your quest. If you didn't know the word enigmatic, what word in the excerpt could you use as a context clue to help you figure out its meaning? strange appealing animated spacey

strange

In "Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic," the terms biologically disposed and biologically programmed help the reader understand that _[blank]_. Which option best completes this statement? Among Teens, Sleep Deprivation an Epidemic the natural accumulation of sleep in teens makes it difficult for them to fall asleep prior to midnight on school nights the tendency to become tired in teens is mostly caused by social and cultural factors and not natural conditions the physical sleep stimulus that causes teens to go to sleep later is controlled by natural conditions but is affected by other factors the activities teens are involved in, like sports and part-time jobs, do not adversely affect their genetic tendencies

the natural accumulation of sleep in teens makes it difficult for them to fall asleep prior to midnight on school nights **INCORRECT**

Read the excerpt from "Confessions of a Depressed Comic." But the severity of it and the seriousness of it is this: every 30 seconds, every 30 seconds, somewhere, someone in the world takes their own life because of depression, and it might be two blocks away, it might be two countries away, it might be two continents away, but it's happening, and it's happening every single day. And we have a tendency, as a society, to look at that and go, "So what?" So what? We look at that, and we go, "That's your problem. That's their problem." We say we're sad and we say we're sorry, but we also say, "So what?" Which connotative words in the excerpt are negative? Confessions of a Depressed Comic the severity of it and the seriousness of it it might be two countries away, it might be two continents away every 30 seconds, every 30 seconds it's happening every single day

the severity of it and the seriousness of it