english 1B final

10. ____ is the writer's position on, or feeling about, his or her subject.

Attitude

13. ____ is the key to any successful argument.

Evidence

20. ____ ____ (including conducting interviews, distribution surveys, and even firsthand observation of the issue) can enrich many projects.

Field research

15. ____, or ____, makes a point through exaggerated statements or visual depictions for emphasis.

Hyperbole overstatement

14. ____ make a comparison between two items that are not otherwise alike.

Metaphors

16. ____ are a good source of information about both contemporary topics and historical events and issues.

Newspapers

5. ____ ____ attributes and attacks a position that your opponent doesn't actually hold.

Strawman fallacy

19. ____ is an exercise in both critical reading and critical thinking.

Synthesis

19. ____ ____ includes researchers who works in material from sources in such a way that, even with page references, readers cannot tell what has been taken from the source.

Unintentional plagiarism

7. You should not assume that your reader has read or remembered the argument you are refuting. Therefore, toward the beginning of your essay, you need to state ____ and ____, the main points of the argument to be refuted.

accurately fairly

17. So that you can construct an effective refutation, you must read the original piece ____ in order to ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.

accurately attempt to pinpoint its weakness

18. You are ____ strategies, not merely ____ of an author's work, although you will find yourself summarizing a bit to orient the reader to your analysis.

analyzing summarizing

2. You can always change the direction and focus of your paper as new ____ occur to you, and you can even ____ ____ ____ as you reflect on what you are learning.

approaches change your position

1. Problem/solution arguments usually focus on the nature or definition of the problem, for the kinds of problems have as much to do with the kinds of solutions that are ____.

appropriate

12. The best introduction is one that presents your subject in an interesting way to gain the reader's ____, states your ____, and gives the reader an indication of the ____ of your paper.

attention claim scope

13. Challenging a popular ____ or ____ is an effective attention-getting opening.

attitude assumption

9. When you must quote, keep the quotations brief, weave them carefully into your own sentences, and be sure to identify the ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.

author in a signal phrase

6. Decide, before drafting your refutation, exactly which elements of the argument you intended to ____.

challenge

3. Problem/solution arguments must be targeted to a specific and ____ ____ ____.

clearly defined audience

6. In a rhetorical analysis, you focus on the way the writer chooses to ____ the text rather than on the meaning he or she tries to ____.

compose convey

6. With controversial issues, often the best argument is a ____ one that presents a middle grounds and seeks to bring people together.

conciliatory

9. A word's ____ is what the word suggests, what we associate the word with.

connotation

1. It is up to you as the researcher to figure out which sources will be credible, reliable, and useful as you ____ your own argument.

construct

3. A good refutation demonstrates, in an orderly and logical way, the weaknesses of logic or evidence in the argument, or it analyzes weaknesses and builds a ____.

counterargument

5. Good arguments rely on a writer's knowledge of ____ and ____ ____.

counterarguments opposing positions

9. One strategy for evaluating sources is to locate an author's ____.

credentials

4. As with any online source, your will need to analyze and evaluate the ____ and ____ of each article.

credibility authorship

15. Periodicals (magazines, journals, and newspapers) are excellent sources for research projects, especially for projects on ____ ____.

current issues

6. Choosing a topic from which you have a difficult time distancing your emotions can often be ____ in a research essay.

dangerous

7. When writing a rhetorical analysis, knowing the intended audience can give you a clue about the work's ____/____ , and a possible ____/____.

depth/significance bias/slant

3. A logical and clear organization does not result from a ____ ____; rather, a detailed outline results from a ____ ____ of your topic.

detailed outline logical analysis

7. Many students use too many ____ ____. Better that you plan to use your own words most of the time.

direct quotations

16. Do not ignore sources that seemingly ____ with you or that support the opposite position.

disagree

8. The specifics of your counterargument will depend upon the nature of your ____.

disagreement

9. Research is a ____ ____.

discovery process

4. You should not wait until you complete your draft to add the ____.

documentation

17. Opinions about well-known facts must be ____.

documented

18. The ability to synthesize the ideas of others into your work requires much more than simply ____ ____ into your essay at appropriate points.

dropping quotations

16. Like any other essay, your rhetorical analysis needs an ____ ____.

effective thesis

7. If you do not ____ ____ ____ before using them, you risk losing your credibility as a writer.

evaluate your sources

19. Because anyone can create a website and put anything on it, you will have to be especially careful in ____ Internet sources.

evaluating

12. You cannot ignore ____ ____ or data simply because the original author did not mention them. To do so would only hurt your refutation essay's ____.

expert opinions credibility

8. To focus a broad topic, you can use the following strategies: ____, ____, or ____ ____.

freewriting brainstorming asking questions

12. All works, regardless of their source or the format in which your obtain them--and this includes online sources and images--must be ____ ____ in your paper.

fully documented

8. Some of the questions to ask about sources include these: where was the information obtained? Is it still valid? Are sources clearly ____?

identified

1. To refute something is to prove it wrong, ____, or ____.

illogical erroneous

17. Using ____ ____ that identify the author of the source helps guide readers through the source materials.

introductory tags

20. A writer engaged in rhetorical analysis can organize his or her essay around an author's use of persuasive appeals such as ____, ____, and ____.

logos ethos pathos

15. Do not settle for paragraphs in which facts from notes are just ____ ____ ____.

loosely strung together

8. When you take a passage out of its larger context, you face the danger of ____ the writer's view.

misrepresenting

7. Part of selecting a workable topic is making sure that the topic is sufficiently ____ and ____.

narrowed focused

4. Be sure, early in your problem/solution essay, to define the problem--as you see it. Do not not assume that they will ____ ____ your way of seeing the issue.

necessarily accept

1. When organizing a researched argument, some additional ____ ____ may be necessary to fill in gaps that have become apparent.

note taking

3. If you are attempting to persuade readers to accept your point of view as valid, you must have a thoughtful and well-informed ____ from which to start your writing process.

opinion

9. Your essay's ____ should be based on the needs of your reader, your intended purpose, and the visual elements of the course you will include.

organization

12. Look at publication dates (when was the website page last updated?) and pass over ____ ____ in favor of ____ ____.

outdated sources current studies

14. Putting and author's ideas in your own words in a ____ or ____ does not eliminate the requirement of documentation.

paraphrase summary

13. The library's ____ ____ consists of popular magazines, scholarly journals, and newspapers.

periodicals collection

4. An ad hominem fallacy attacks the ____ instead of the ____.

person argument

20. You should attempt to find sources and visuals that will be particularly ____ to your readers, given their probable values, beliefs, and attitudes toward your subject.

persuasive

16. There are sites such as WriteCheck designed specifically for students to allow them to check their work in order to present accidental or unintentional ____.

plagiarism

5. If you present your most ____ solutions first, you are more likely to create ____ with your readers.

plausible credibility

11. Oftentimes, people base their ____ on the ____ they hold; that is, their worldview.

positions values

18. All borrowed information and ideas must be documented with ____ ____ ____ if you are using MLA style.

precise page numbers

6. When writing about sources, the convention is to use the ____ ____ even for works or authors from the past.

present tense

3. Many kinds of topics require the use of both ____ and ____ sources.

primary secondary

14. One reason to use the ____ ____ is that most online indexes and abstracts cover only from 1980 to the present.

print reference

2. Remember that the final thesis or claim in a research argument cannot be a ____. Rather, it must be your ____ to the research question.

question answer

10. One good way to avoid ineffective openings is to not begin with a ____ that is just a gimmick or open with an unnecessary ____ quoted from the dictionary.

question definition

2. Successful problem/solutions arguments present viable solutions to what can ____ be accomplished.

realistically

14. You must be able to present sound, logical, and credible evidence that ____ your opponent's ____ ____.

refutes original argument

18. Although some search engines, like Google, order their results by ____ to your search terms, most academic research databases do not.

relevance

10. The keys to conducting solid research are to target your searches effectively, to remain organized in collecting and citing your data, and to evaluate each source's ____ and ____ to your writing goals.

relevance importance

14. Beginning with important, perhaps startling facts, evidence, or statistics is an effective way to introduce a topic, provided the details are ____ to the topic.

relevant

10. It is important to try to figure out what your readers' sources may have been and how ____ or ____ those sources seem.

reliable credible

20. Revision requires three separate steps: ____, ____, and ____.

revising editing proofreading

5. The use of ____ ____ often creates an informal and conversational tone that is inappropriate for research papers.

second person

13. Overly simplistic ____ ____, just like overly simplistic words, can be used to show that the writer thinks the subject is silly or childish or insulting.

sentence patterns

20. Simply introducing a ____ ____ ____ ____ does not give your reader all of the information he or she may need about your source.

source with a tag

11. Avoid works that are either too ____ or too ____ for college research.

specialized elementary

1. When writing a researched essay, ____ ____ ____ ____ may need to be defined for the reader.

specialized terms and concepts

13. Proper documentation distinguishes between the work of others and your ideas, shows readers the breadth of your research, and ____ ____ ____.

strengthens your credibility

Your thesis needs to make a point about the author's rhetorical choices as well as whether or not those choices result in a ____ ____.

strong argument

17. Articles not available in full text often come with a brief ____ or ____.

summary abstract

19. A typical refutation essay includes three parts: the opponent's argument, your thesis, and your ____ for your refutation.

support

15. As with any research process, you will want to begin by ____ the current information on your issues.

surveying

5. Topics that are too ____ or too ____ should be avoided.

technical broad

18. Your ____ should establish your disagreement with the writer's logical assumptions or evidence, or a combination of these.

thesis

4. If your chosen audience will most likely agree with every point you make, you may want to either choose a new ____ or choose a new ____.

topic audience

16. You need to guide readers through your paper, connecting paragraphs and showing relationship by the use of ____ ____ ____ ____ ____.

transitions and effective meta discourse

15. In general, common knowledge that does not need to be cited includes ____ ____ and ____ ____ ____.

undisputed dates well known facts

10. Never use ____ or ____ statistical information.

undocumented unreferenced

2. If you are writing on a commonly debated topic, try to find a new or ____ ____ from which to approach it.

unique angle

8. Judging the ____ and ____ of potential sources is an essential part of the research part.

usefulness reliability

11. Writers can choose to express attitude through a wide ____ ____ ____.

variety of tones

11. A good rule when using ____ is "just because you can, doesn't necessarily mean you should."

visuals

19. When you read a piece you intend to rhetorically analyze, think about not just ____ ____ ____ but ____ ____ ____.

what is said how its said

12. Tone is created and attitude conveyed primarily through ____ ____ and ____ ____, but also through several other techniques.

word choice sentence structure

11. A list of possible sources is called a ____ ____.

working bibliography

2. In order to write a persuasive refutation argument, you will need to full understand why your opponent may hold certain beliefs and construct a plan to show why those beliefs are reasons are ____.

wrong