English 2 Honors 1st semester final
MLA: parenthetical citation
(Author's last name and page number); within ending punctuation mark of in-text citation
MLA: margins
1 inch
Why pigs hate Moses
1. He was domesticated 2. He talked about Sugarcandy Mountain
Seven Commandments of Animalism
1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal.
MLA: font size
12 pt
Molly
A horse—loves bows and humans too much so leaves the farm
Squealer
A pig—Napolean's "2nd in command"
Snowball
A pig—gets run off the farm
Napolean
A pig—lead "dictator"
Signifier
A symbol of some kind
Metaphor of 5 year old
About our brain and how we receive and store information
7th Commandment of Animalism Changed
All animals equal, but some are more equal than others
MLA: works cited page
Alphabetically by last name with hanging special indent
Cornelius
Ambassador to Norway with Voltemand
Old Hamlet
Appears as ghost; father of Hamlet; former king of Denmark; murdered by his brother Claudius
Ad Hominem
Attack on the character of opponent rather than their opinion or view To the man
Red Hereing
Avoiding opposing arguments Diverts from key issues/topics
Hamlet A5: Hamlet dies from...
Being stabbed by the unblunted, but poisoned, sword
Destruction of 2nd windmill
By Mr. Jones with explosives during a brawl
Information for a annotation
Characters, summaries, patterns, themes, key points
Circular Argument
Claim is repeated as evidence Claim because claim
Hamlet A5: Hamlet slays...
Claudius
Slippery Slope
Conclusion assumes that gradual change will lead to an innevitable conclusion Series of claims without evidence
Begging the Claim
Conclusion validated within claim Assuming claim as truth
Cave Analogy: cave
Darkness/ignorance
Gravedigger
Digs ophelias grave and debates whether or not to put it next to the church because she might have committed suicide (serves as comic relief)
Hamlet A1: Polonius advises Ophelia to...
Distance herself from Hamlet to protect her reputation
5th Commandment of Animalism Changed
Don't drink alcohol excessively
6th Commandment of Animalism Changed
Don't kill other animals without reason
4th Commandment of Animalism Changed
Don't sleep in bed with sheets
Hamlet A5: by accident, Gertrude...
Drinks the poisoned wine and dies
Hamlet A4: Ophelia dies by...
Drowning herself
Hamlet A4: Hamlet is sent to...
England
Ethos
Ethical argument
Old Fortinbras
Former King of Norway, loses a one-on-one duel and his life and land to King Hamlet.
1st & 2nd Commandment of Animalism Changed
Four legs good, two legs better
Hamlet A3: during the play, Claudius...
Gets upset, yells, and walks out
Ad Poplum
Gives a fear of missing out To the people
Flag of Animal Farm
Green with white hoof and horseshoe overlapping in top left corner
Hamlet A2: Ophelia is upset because...
Hamlet acted delusional/crazy to her
Claudius
Hamlet's uncle/father-in-law and current King of Denmark
Mr. Jones
Head farmer—drunkard
Hamlet A4: After changing ships, Hamlet...
Heads home to Denmark and sends a letter ahead of him
Hamlet A4: Laertes returns to avenge...
His father (Polonius)
Hamlet A1: Hamlet is upset because...
His father has just died
Hamlet A5: Hamlet reveals Claudius's scheme to murder him to...
Horatio
post hoc ergo propter hoc
If "a" happened after "b" the "b" must have cause "a" After this, therefore because of this
Cave Analogy: free person
In the light/knowledgeable/educated
Hamlet A5: Claudius and Laertes plot...
Is foiled
MLA: format books
Italics when typed—underline when handwritten
Hamlet A1: The ghost wants Hamlet to...
Kill Claudius and spare his mother
Yorick
King's jester during Hamlet's childhood, his skull is pulled from the grave so Hamlet realizes death is the great equalizer
MLA: alignment
Left justified or full justified
Cave Analogy: the sun
Lightness/intelligent
Hamlet A3: Ophelia gives Hamlet...
Love notes he had given her
Syllogism
Most famous logical sequence a=b and b=c so a=c
animal executions
Murdered because of betraying Napoleon
Napoleon vs. Snowball: Farm
Napoleon: make it better for the pigs Snowball: make it better for all
Napoleon vs. Snowball: Windmill
Napoleon: originally opposed Snowball: drew up the plans
Napoleon vs. Snowball: Society
Napoleon: pigs are higher and superior Snowball: animals are pretty much all equal
Laertes
Ophelia's brother; son of Polonius; leaves for France early in play
Clover
Other horse
Either/Or
Oversimplifies other argument to only two sides or choices False Dilemna
Straw Man
Oversimplifying opposing argument, then attacking the hollow argument Picking apart
Cave Analogy: shadow
Perception of lost person of what is real
Cave Analogy: prisoner
Person without knowledge
Hamlet A3: in Gertrude's room, Hamlet mistakes...
Polonius for Claudius
Ophelia
Polonius's daughter, a beautiful young woman with whom Hamlet has been in love. Ophelia is a sweet and innocent young girl, who obeys her father and her brother, Laertes. Dependent on men to tell her how to behave, she gives in to Polonius's schemes to spy on Hamlet. Even in her lapse into madness and death, she remains maidenly, and dies by finally drowning in the river.
Reynaldo
Polonius's servant, who is sent to France by Polonius to check up on and spy on Laertes.
Hamlet A3: Hamlet does not attempt to kill Claudius because he is...
Praying and may be forgiven
Harvard's Six Steps to Reading
Preview, annotate, analyze, look for patterns, use context, compare and contrast
How snowball convinces animals of windmill
Promises light in the stalls, heat in the winter, and just a better standard of living all around
Hamlet
Protagonist
MLA: format articles
Quotation marks (" ")
Genetic Fallacy
Related to connections
Hamlet A3: Hamlet wants Gertrude to...
Repent for everything with Claudius and avoid sleeping with him from then on
Hasty Generalization
Rushing to conclusion before knowing all of the evidence Jumping to conclusion
Hamlet A5: Laertes tells Hamlet if Claudius's...
Schemes
Hamlet A3: Claudius decides to...
Send Hamlet to England
Hamlet A5: Fortinbras if Norway...
Shows up and becomes king of Denmark
3rd Commandment of Animalism Changed
Simply gotten rid of
Beasts of England
Song that Old major teaches to the animals after his speech.
Hamlet A5: in the duel, Laertes is...
Stabbed with the unblunted, but poisoned, sword
Boxer
Strong, determined horse—gets shipped to slaughter house
Animalism
System created from Old Major's teachings
Polonius
The Lord Chamberlain of Claudius's court, a pompous, conniving old man. Polonius is the father of Laertes and Ophelia.
Gertrude
The Queen of Denmark, Hamlet's mother, recently married to Claudius. Gertrude loves Hamlet deeply, but she is a shallow, weak woman who seeks affection and status more urgently than moral rectitude or truth.
Cave Analogy: object
The actual items/real object
Object Referent
The actual object being signified
Benjamin
The donkey—very wise
Main Idea of Douglass's Speech
The educated must educate the uneducated and the greatest crime one can commit is withholding education from someone.
Hamlet A5: in the graveyard, Hamlet realizes...
The funeral is that if Ophelia
Hamlet A1: Bernardo and Marcellus is want to show Horatio...
The ghost they have seen and believe is the deceased king
Muriel
The goat—very intelligent and can read
Fortinbras
The young Prince of Norway, whose father the king (also named Fortinbras) was killed by Hamlet's father (also named Hamlet). Now Fortinbras wishes to attack Denmark to avenge his father's honor, making him another foil for Prince Hamlet.
Why hens rebel
They don't want to give up their eggs since it is practically murder
The qualities of TRAAP
Timely, relevant, authoritative, accuracy, purpose
MLA: font style
Times New Roman
Hamlet A2: Polonius ask Reynaldo...
To go to France and question people about Laertes as a way of spying on him
Counterargument use
To present both sides, to give the reader adequate information for when they choose their position/side/stand/viewpoint
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
Two slightly bumbling courtiers, former friends of Hamlet from Wittenberg, who are summoned by Claudius and Gertrude to discover the cause of Hamlet's strange behavior.
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern tell Hamlet about...
Why they have come and the traveling theatrical group that is visiting the palace
minimus
Writes song that replaces Beasts of England
totalitarian government
a system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect of life
Voltemand
ambassador sent to old Norway concerning worries that Prince Fortinbras may try to attack Denmark;
Counterargument
an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward
Moral Equivalence
compares minor misdeeds with major atrocities Overstating or understating
MLA: spacing
double spaced
Osric
foolish courtier at the Danish court, sent to invite Hamlet to duel with Laertes
Logos
logical argument
Mr. Frederick
neighboring farmer who owns the Pinchfield farm—mean and cunning
Metacognition
thinking about thinking/an awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes
