English: Chapters 1-7 Test
If the 1st part of a divided quotation is dependent, what do you put after ID of speaker?
,
What are the principal parts of lay (set down)?
Lay, laid, laid, laying
What are the special infinitive verbs?
Let, make, help, hear, see, watch, dare, please
What are the principal parts of lie (recline)?
Lie, lay, lain, lying
What are the reference incidents?
Multiple Antecedents, Implied Antecedent, Possessive, Relative Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Broad They, You
What is the Relative Pronoun problem?
Must have antecedent; not clause (Ex. John ran fast, WHICH made the coach proud)
What are impersonal pronouns?
No specific antecedent; has a form of "one"
What is a restrictive element and do you use commas?
Not as definite as it can be and no
What is the Implied Antecedent problem?
Not clear or direct antecedent (Ex. John likes writing, but he doesn't know if he can make a living from IT)
If a dependent clause is introduced by Relative Pronoun ending in -ever, what is it?
Noun
What are 3 types of dependent clauses?
Noun (have functions and start sentences), Adjective (modify N/PRO), Adverb (Modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs)
If a dependent clause introduces a sentence and is NOT set off by comma, what is it?
Noun (subject)
Subject of infinitives are in what case?
Objective
What case is whom and whomever?
Objective
If you have past tense in the other time period, you use _______ perfect.
Past Perfect
If there is a sentence with After + a Gerund OP (Ex. After completing high school) what tense is the verb after the gerund?
Perfect
What methods work for correcting divided quotations?
Period capitalization and semicolon
What are the 4 acceptable methods of correction?
Period capitalization, semicolon, comma coordinating conjunction, subordination
What is a noun?
Person, place, thing, or idea
What are Verbal phrases?
Phrases with words that look like verbs (Gerunds, participles, infinitives)
What are Nonverbal phrases?
Phrases without verbs (Prep or appositive)
Subject of gerunds are in what case?
Possessive
When you are marking up the sentence, what should you find first?
Prep Phrases
If you have future tense in the other time period, you use _______ perfect.
Present Perfect
If you have present tense in the other time period, you use _______ perfect.
Present Perfect
What are the function steps (Very important!)?
Put prep phrases in (), double underline verbs, single underline subjects, decide if action or linking, find SC if linking, find DO if action, find IO if action and DO, find OC if action and DO but no IO, find appositives (words left over are adj adv conj int)
What are the principal parts of raise (lift something)?
Raise, raised, raised, raising
What are personal pronouns?
Refers to a person (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
What are reflexive pronouns?
Refers to antecedent and is essential (ends in -self)
What are the principal parts of rise (elevate)?
Rise, rose, risen, rising
What is present tense used for?
Scientific facts, habitual actions, and literature
What are the principal parts of set (place down)?
Set, set, set, setting
What are the principal parts of shine (like shine your shoes)?
Shine, shined, shined, shining
What are the principal parts of shine (like the sun)?
Shine, shone, shone, shining
What titles are put in quotations?
Short story, article, essay, poem, song, tv programs
What is possessive case?
Showing possession, subject of gerunds
What are the sentence types?
Simple, compound, complex, compound-complex
If there is an only in front of the "...one of the....", what number is everything?
Singular
What is rule number 1?
Singular subjects have no s ending, but plural subjects do
What are the principal parts of sit (chair)?
Sit, sat, sat sitting
What is rule number 10?
Some nouns ending in -s are singular (News, civics, politics, mathematics)
What is passive voice?
Subject is being acted upon
What is active voice?
Subject is doing action of the verb
What case is who and whoever?
Subjective
What are the 3 type of cases?
Subjective, objective, possessive
What is subjective case?
Subjects, subjective complements, appositives
When do you use a dash?
Sudden break in thought
What is rule number 7?
The indefinite pronouns many, several, few, both are plural (Memphis State Foot Ball)
What is rule number 6?
The indefinite pronouns much, one, neither, either, each are singular (MONEE)
What is rule number 8?
The indefinite pronouns some, most, all, such, half, more, any, none are dependers (SMASHMAN)
What is the Demonstrative Pronoun problem?
This/that cannot have clause as antecedent (Ex. Eli Manning is garbage, trash, horrible, and ugly. THIS made Madoc sad :)
What is rule number 11?
Titles of books, movies, short stories, poems are singular
How do you make a Infinitive in the perfect tense?
To have + past participle of verb
What is the Multiple Antecedent problem?
Too many antecedents (Ex. John and Tom went to the store and HE got bread)
What is a fused sentence?
Two independent elements separated by nothing
What is a comma splice?
Two independent elements separated by only a comma
What is a divided quotation?
Two spoken parts divided by identification of speaker
What is rule number 2?
Two subjects joined together by and are plural
When is Future Perfect used?
Two time periods when neither has occurred (earlier is indicated by verb, later is indicated by deadline)
What is the Broad They problem?
Unidentified persons Ex. Over in New England, THEY win games Ex. Over in Boston, THEY win games
What are adjectives?
Words that modify nouns or pronouns (which one, what kind, how many, how much, whose)
What are adverbs?
Words that modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs (where, when, how, why, to what extent, under what conditions, despite what conditions)
In a Contrary to fact If Clause, what is the present for the independent clause?
Would + verb
In a Wish That clause, what is the present?
Would + verb
In a Contrary to fact If Clause, what is the past for the independent clause?
Would have + verb
In a Wish That clause, what is the past?
Would have + verb
What is rule number 4?
"A number" is plural, but "the number" is singular
In a Contrary to fact If Clause, what is the past for the if clause?
Had been
What are the principal parts of hang (kill)?
Hang, hanged, hanged, hanging
What are the principal parts of hang (hang a picture)?
Hang, hung, hung, hanging
What do you use for Perfect Progressive?
Has (some form of has) + Been + verb with ing
How do you make a Gerund in the perfect tense?
Having + past participle of verb
How do you make a Participle in the perfect tense?
Having + past participle of verb
What is Subjunctive mood?
Hypothetical situations (like if the Jets and Lions were in the Super Bowl...)
What is a Contrary to fact If Clause?
If something, then something
What is rule number 3?
If two subjects joined together by or or nor, the subject closer to the verb determines number (singular or plural)
What is Indicative mood?
Indicating or portraying fact
What are the types of mood?
Indicative, imperative, and subjunctive
What do you use for the verb in a Hope For/Desired Situation Clause?
Infinitive form of verb
What are the 4 principle parts?
Infinitive, past (Yesterday I), past participle (He had), present participle (He is)
What is set off by commas?
Interjections, transitional expressions, parenthetical elements, absolute phrases, name of person being addressed, state or country with city, items in address, academic titles, items in series
What is a subordinating conjunction?
Introduces dependent clauses
What do you italicize?
- Words used as a word - Letter and numbers - Foreign words - Proper names of ships, planes, trains - Paintings and sculptures
What does a simple sentence type mean?
1 independent clause
What does a complex sentence type mean?
1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses
What is rule number 13?
Clauses and phrases are singular when they are subjects
What is Imperative mood?
Commands
What does a compound sentence type mean?
2 or more independent clauses
What does a compound-complex sentence type mean?
2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clauses
When are prepositional phrases set off by commas?
5 or more words or gerund object of prep or to avoid confusion
What is a fragment?
A dependent element punctuated as if it were independent
What are transitive verbs?
AV with direct object
What are intransitive verbs?
AV without DO or LV without SC
When is present perfect used?
Action that started in the past and continues into the present
What are the two types of voice?
Active and passive
What is the Possessive problem?
Adjectives cannot be antecedents; only nouns or pronouns (Ex. SOHUM's weight shows when HE gets on a scale)
If a dependent clause introduces a sentence and is set off by comma, what is it?
Adverb
If a dependent clause is introduced by subordinating conjunction, what is it?
Adverb
What part of speech are elliptical clauses?
Adverbial
When do you use a colon?
After a completed independent element when what follows is a list, result, or explanation
What word is used for habitual actions?
Always
What is rule number 14?
Always find true subjects
When you have a 1st person singular pronoun (I/me) + relative pronoun + to be verb, which helping verb do you use? Ex. He called me, who __________ asleep.
Am
What is rule number 12?
Amounts of money or time is singular
What does a relative pronoun have that a subordinating conjunction does not have?
Antecedent Function (Air Force)
What is rule number 9?
Antecedents of relative and interrogative pronouns determine their number
What is rule number 5?
Any indefinite pronoun ending in -one, -body, -thing is singular
When you have a "... one of the _____ relative pronoun..." what verb should you use and what number is everything in the dependent clause? Ex. Paul Pierce is one of the best players who ____ small forwards in the NBA.
Are and plural
What is a non-restrictive element and do you use commas?
As specific as it can be and yes (Hint: if given someone's name, it's non-restrictive)
When you have a Triple P (perfect progressive passive), what verbs do you always use?
Been being
What are prepositions?
Begins a prep phrases (preposition, optional modifiers, objects of preps)
What are intrerrogative pronouns?
Begins a question
When is a semicolon used?
Between 2 independent clauses or by separating items containing commas
What titles are underlined?
Books, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, plays, operas, long music, record album, movies, tv series
What are conjunctions?
Connectors
What is a coordinating conjunction?
Connects equal elements (and, or, nor, for, so, but, yet)(Lack of Parallelism)
What is a correlative conjunction?
Connects equal elements but contains two parts (Either or)
What are the 3 types of Subjunctive Mood?
Contrary to fact If Clause, Wish That Clause, Hope for/Desired Situation
When are parentheses used?
Definitions and additional information
What are the verbs that show a Hope For/Desired Situation clause?
Demand, require, suggest, recommend, insisted, commanded, move, ordered, it is necessary, hope
What is objective case?
Direct object, indirect object, object of preposition, objective complement, subjects of infinitives, appositive of objectives
What is the You problem?
Don't use 2nd person you in formal writing (Ex. Before buying clothes, YOU should try them)
What is Perfect tense used for?
Earlier of multiple time periods
What are intensive pronouns?
Emphasizes but is not essential (ends in -self)
What are the special infinitive preps?
Except, but, besides
What is Progressive tense used for?
Express ongoing action
What is a interjection?
Expression of emotion set off by commas
What are the type of sentence errors?
Fused sentence, comma splice, fragment
What are indefinite pronouns?
General antecedent (-one, -body, -thing)
What are the two ways of correcting a relative pronoun problem?
Give it an antecedent (fact or act), revise the word order (make dependent clause, gerund/participle)
What are clauses?
Group of words with its own subject and verb
What are phrases?
Group of words without its own subject and verb
What are demonstrative pronouns?
This, that, these, those
What are elliptical clauses of comparison?
Verb is omitted (Ex. I am faster than he (is))
What are two types of phrases?
Verbal and nonverbal
In a Contrary to fact If Clause, what is the present for the if clause?
Were
What are relative pronouns?
Who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whosever, whichever, whatever, that
Where do you use Sequence of Tenses?
Within each independent clause
What are pronouns?
Word that takes the place of a noun
What are verbs?
Words that depict actions or states of condition or states of being (Action, Linking, Helping)
What is a common/proper noun?
common - general (ear) proper - specific and capitalized (Del Laptop)
What is a concrete/abstract noun?
concrete - things you can touch abstract - intangible
What are the 8 parts of speech?
noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection
What is simple/compound noun?
simple - 1 part (washer) compound - 2 parts (dishwasher)