English Composition Ch. 1-3 Quiz

Revising

- Give yourself plenty of time. A few days should work. - Remember your audience, purpose and role in the revising. - Revise in stages. Don't' don't do it all at once. Take breaks and walk away if you have to. - If you feel you need to adjust your thesis, do it. All of the above are tips for what?

inference

An ______________ is a conclusion about what the author is suggesting without them actually saying it. It is implicit. It is reading between the lines. This is also an important piece to reading critically, however you want to be able to support your ________________ with evidence from the text.

cross-check it with another source

Ask yourself, are facts really facts. If you find something on the internet that seems like it could be true, ____________-___________ ___ _______ ___________ __________

Begging the question

Basing an argument or conclusion on the truth of a point that has not been proven. Ex. Because the husband cheated on his wife, he should not be allowed to see his kids because he's a bad father. Even though he was a less than stellar husband that doesn't prove that he is a bad father.

draw conclusions, make associations, develop opinions and support those opinions

College Reading requires you to do three things. What are they?

Process Analysis

Explaining how something works or how it is made. How to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.

purpose

First thing a writer must do is figure out the ____________ of their writing. Is it to inform, entertain, persuade or express feelings? The ___________ influences the approach to the writing. Because it is such a huge piece to your writing, you will need to make your purpose clear. You shouldn't announce it in your paper though. It should be done in an inferring matter.

Have a reflective and questioning attitude, preview the material, reread, underline, and do a first reading

Five strategies for critical reading are:

Revision

Improving your draft for the reader is the next step to writing. (called what?) It is time consuming because you will second guess yourself. Revision does not mean just changing a few words around. Sometimes revision means changing the entire essay

five

In this class we will write ____ paragraph essays. Your thesis should always be in your introductory paragraph as the last sentence. You build up to it. It should also only be one sentence. Do not break it up into several sentences. You want to avoid making an announcement that your thesis is coming. Don't say things like, "This paper will discuss..."

faulty reasoning

It is _________ ____________ that can lead a person to false conclusions. If a writer is unethical they will do this so that they can manipulate the reader into believing what they want. Being a critical reader, you should be able to spot this. Again, if all else fails, always cross-check your source before committing to it. Even though you might read pieces that have errors in logic, being a writer puts you at risk for doing the same thing. This doesn't make you unethical per se, unless you mean to be manipulative.

personal feelings

It is important to not put your _______________ _______________ into the text to determine what the author is saying.

audience

Know who your ___________ is. If you are writing about the ins and outs of an engine in a '55 Chevy truck and addressing people who know a lot about that, then your paper would have a lot of technical terms that they would understand. If you are writing about the Chevy truck and your audience knows nothing about them, you would have to change your wording so that they could understand it.

fact

Not everything you read will be ____. Some of it will be straight out lies. Nowadays anyone can publish things on the internet. If the material is from 1974, don't trust that it is still good. Things change. Make sure the source is trustworthy.

first draft

One thing to remember is to not expect too much from your _____ _____. The first draft is very raw. It will need polishing. Be prepared to write and write again. If you find that you can't think of something that you feel needs to be in the essay (writer's block) move on. It normally will come back to you. Use the outline. It is there to guide you Write the first draft in one sitting. Since this is the first draft you can write in a less than formal way. It might help get through the writer's block.

freewrite, Freewriting

One way to do that is to _____________. ___________ is writing nonstop without censorship. It stimulates thinking.

over generalizing

One way we can have errors in logic is by ____ _____________________. The reason I don't like cats is because they aren't affectionate. This might be true of some cats, but not all cats.

Okay

Repeating the words or phrases does two things. It helps connect ideas, which is what we want to accomplish. It lets the reader know that the word that is being repeated has some significance and that they should pay attention to it. Okay?

Generating ideas

Shaping your writing topic. In this class, I will give you the topic (except for your first essay) so you will not have to brainstorm that, however you will have to brainstorm your approach.

Conclusion

Some say this is the most difficult part of the essay. The reason it is the most difficult is because the writer is not supposed to talk about anything new. Everything that is in the ____________ is related to everything in the essay

patterns

Sometimes, using a single pattern to prove your thesis won't be enough. You may have to combine 2 or more __________. The more complex an essay is the more patterns will need to be combined. There is always a dominant pattern and that is something that should be decided early on. Your thesis should demonstrate that. For instance, if you were writing an essay about different breeds of dogs, chances are the primary pattern would be classification, however you could also bring in compare/contrast or even cause and effect.

body

These are the 2-4 paragraphs and their purpose is to prove or explain your thesis. They are the meat of your essay. Each ____ paragraph has two parts. The first is your topic sentence. It is what your paragraph is about. The topic sentence of each paragraph is direct support of your thesis statement. The next part is the support of that topic sentence. You should provide adequate support for in the ____ paragraphs. Every point you make, you need to give it support. Ever general sentence needs support to back up the claim. Look at the example on pages 63 and 64.

Transitional words

These are words and phrases that help connect ideas between not only paragraphs but sentences as well. Pages 67-67 have good examples for what type to use based off the pattern of organization.

Informal outline

This includes some details for developing major points. You will have more of a sense of the direction you plan to go in, however, like the scratch outline this shouldn't be used in complex writing. The outline tree is similar to the informal outline. This is good for the visual learner since it connects the ideas in a tree fashion.

Use sentences that look forward and backwards

This is also called bridging. This is where you begin a new paragraph with a sentence that looks back at the idea from the previous paragraph and forward to the next paragraph. This takes practice.

over simplification

This is also called the quick fix to a solution because the writer may not feel like arguing about it. If parents would just discipline their kids, then there wouldn't be any bullies in the world. We know that is not the case. Some kids no matter how involved their parents are, can still turn out to be bullies.

formal outline

This is done in a lot of detail. This is where you use the roman numerals for your major points and your supporting details with capital letters. This type of outline most students are most familiar with since many of them did it in high school.

Tone

This is done to show feelings. This is your attitude toward the subject. The way you convey tone through writing is by choosing words that express it. Page 69 has some examples

Scratch outline

This is the least detailed outline. All it is is a list of your major ideas written in order on how you plan to cover them. This is not the kind of outline you should do for a complicated essay. For the less complex one this will work fine. These outlines have the major points but do not have details with them so it is not ideal for researched based essays.

Editing

This is where you will correct your grammar mistakes.

Narration

This is your first essay pattern. This is telling a story and it is done in chronological order.

efficient at critical reading

To be _______________ __ _____________________________ you will have to be able to tell the difference between fact and opinion.

coherence

To have ____________, your body paragraphs must connect in a way that the reader can understand. In other words, don't make your writing choppy. There are four strategies to help do this.

Peer review

We won't do a ____ _________ until the 2nd essay but keep this in mind. You want to be sure that the person you have reading your essay is reliable. This is someone who will offer constructive criticism. You want someone to tear it apart.

source (things to ask yourself while reading)

What is the ___________ of the author's ideas: experience, observation, considered opinion or research? Is the author expressing fact, opinion or both? Is the author's detail adequate and convincing? Is the author going beyond story-telling and generalizations. What is the tone? Do you agree or disagree with the author?

Refer to your thesis, consider the context, and be flexible

What three things should you do when writing an outline?

well supported

When you identify opinions, you have to determine if they are founded and ____ _______________.

discovery draft

Write a ____________ _____ to help discover ideas. This is not a first draft. It is used to help you decide what you want to write about as it pertains to your topic. Write everything you can think of about that topic.

brainstorming list

Write a ________________ ____. This involves listing every idea that occurs to you, no matter how crazy it seems.

main idea

You change a paragraph every time you are shifting to a new ____ ____ to support your thesis.

role

Your ____ is how you present yourself. If you are writing a letter to your boss about wanting a raise, you would present yourself professionally. If you were writing to your grandparent you would try to not speak in slang. You would save everyday conversation talk 9and writing) for your peers.

topic

Your _____ should be in your thesis somewhere.

patterns

__________ help you achieve your purpose. They determine the order of your essays.

Outlining

___________ will be utilized in this class because it is extremely helpful and will also help you to keep your thoughts on track. Not all of them will need to be formal and perfect, however you should have your thesis on them so that you are familiar with your central point.

Writing context

____________ __________ is the writer's purpose, the audience they are writing for and the role. These things affect everything the writer does.

Relevant

____________ means that it should be clearly related to the thesis and topic sentence. Try arguing with someone and they keep bringing up points that have nothing to do with what the argument is about. It is frustrating and the same logic can be applied to writing.

opinions

_____________ are the writer's judgments.

Facts

_____________ can be proven

Clustering

______________ also helps you generate ideas and see how those idea relate to one another. Write the topic in the center and surround it with details that help support it. Talk to others. This can help generate ideas too.

Sythesizing information

________________ _________________ is the process of connecting new information to what you already know. It is fitting new information into your knowledge bank.

Critical reading

means that you are going beyond the words on the page. You are digging deeper into the words to find the true meaning, i.e. poetry.

Assessing the text

means to evaluate the quality of the text, draw conclusions about the ideas, and discover connections between ideas and what you already know.

Analyzing a text

means to identify the authors ideas and understand them, determine how the author explains ideas, and figure out the purpose.