english unit 2

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: To desert your home, your husband and your children! And you don't consider what people will say! Nora: I cannot consider that at all. I only know that it is necessary for me. Helmer: It's shocking. This is how you would neglect your most sacred duties. Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. That refuge she would have sought certainly. It was the relic of the sense of chastity that dictated anonymity to women even so late as the nineteenth century. Currer Bell, George Eliot, George Sand, all the victims of inner strife as their writings prove, sought ineffectively to veil themselves by using the name of a man. Thus they did homage to the convention, which if not implanted by the other sex was liberally encouraged by them (the chief glory of a woman is not to be talked of, said Pericles, himself a much-talked-of man), that publicity in women is detestable. What theme is explored in both passages? a) Women are strong and do need the support of men. b) Raising children is a woman's most important job. c) Women are expected to be invisible in society. d) Women should take pride in caring for children.

c

Nora: [putting her arms round her neck] Dear old Anne, you were a good mother to me when I was little. Nurse: Little Nora, poor dear, had no other mother but me. Nora: And if my little ones had no other mother, I am sure you would—What nonsense I am talking! [Opens the box.] Go in to them. Now I must—. You will see tomorrow how charming I shall look. Nurse: I am sure there will be no one at the ball so charming as you, ma'am. [Goes into the room on the left.] Nora: [begins to unpack the box, but soon pushes it away from her]. If only I dared go out. If only no one would come. If only I could be sure nothing would happen here in the meantime. Stuff and nonsense! No one will come. Only I mustn't think about it. I will brush my muff. What lovely, lovely gloves! Out of my thoughts, out of my thoughts! One, two, three, four, five, six— [Screams.] Ah! there is someone coming—. [Makes a movement towards the door, but stands irresolute.] What prediction does this excerpt best support? a) Nora will look beautiful at the ball. b) Nora will decide to leave her family. c) Nora will not leave her children. d) Nora will stay home from the ball.

b

Which elements of a play are considered technical elements? Select three options. a)gestures b)special effects c)scenery d)costumes e)vocalizations

b & c & d

One topic of a story is innocence. Which statements are universal themes associated with this topic? Select three options. a) When the boy saw the effects of war, he no longer viewed life as innocent. b) The path from innocence to experience can be long and difficult. c) One way to define innocence is as a lack of worldly experience or sophistication. d) The loss of innocence is a result of gaining experience and making mistakes. e) Protecting the innocence of others prevents them from taking risks in their lives.

b & d & e

For it needs little skill in psychology to be sure that a highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift for poetry would have been so thwarted and hindered by other people, so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty. -A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf Which statement best explains how word choice supports the author's perspective? a) The irony of the phrase contrary instincts supports the author's perspective. b) Repetition reinforces the perspective that women have a variety of life choices. c) The negative connotations of thwarted and pulled asunder reinforce the idea that women face discrimination. d) The connotation of the word gifted supports the author's perspective that women have greater skills than men.

c

How, then, could it [Shakespeare's genius] have been born among women whose work began, according to Professor Trevelyan, almost before they were out of the nursery, who were forced to it by their parents and held to it by all the power of law and custom? Yet genius of a sort must have existed among women as it must have existed among the working classes. Now and again an Emily Brontë or a Robert Burns blazes out and proves its presence. -A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf Which statement best explains how a rhetorical device supports the central idea? a) An allusion is used to refer to the central idea. b) Parallel structure is used to imply the central idea of the passage. c) A rhetorical question suggests the central idea. d) Understatement emphasizes the importance of the central idea.

c

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nurse: What, out again? In this horrible weather? You will catch cold, ma'am, and make yourself ill. Nora: Well, worse than that might happen. How are the children? Nurse: The poor little souls are playing with their Christmas presents, but— Nora: Do they ask much for me? Nurse: You see, they are so accustomed to have their mamma with them. Nora: Yes, but, nurse, I shall not be able to be so much with them now as I was before. Nurse: Oh well, young children easily get accustomed to anything. Nora: Do you think so? Do you think they would forget their mother if she went away altogether? Nurse: Good heavens!—went away altogether? How does the interaction between the nurse and Nora advance the plot? a) It reveals that the nurse would make a better mother than Nora. b) It conveys that Nora does not trust what the nurse says. c) It demonstrates that Nora is considering leaving her children. d) It shows that Nora's children would be OK without her.

c

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer: Before all else, you are a wife and a mother. Nora: I don't believe that any longer. I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, just as you are—or, at all events, that I must try and become one. I know quite well, Torvald, that most people would think you right, and that views of that kind are to be found in books; but I can no longer content myself with what most people say, or with what is found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them. Helmer: Can you not understand your place in your own home? Have you not a reliable guide in such matters as that?—have you no religion? Nora: I am afraid, Torvald, I do not exactly know what religion is. How does Nora's conflict in this excerpt best demonstrate a difference between life in the late 1800s and life today? a) The conflict demonstrates that women are better suited to be mothers than wives. b) The conflict demonstrates that women are not inclined to practice a particular religion. c) The conflict demonstrates that women are expected to remain in the roles assigned to them. d) The conflict demonstrates that women are not expected to get their education from books.

c

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Nora: Alas, Torvald, you are not the man to educate me into being a proper wife for you. Helmer: And you can say that! Nora: And I—how am I fitted to bring up the children? Helmer: Nora! Nora: Didn't you say so yourself a little while ago—that you dare not trust me to bring them up? Helmer: In a moment of anger! Why do you pay any heed to that? Nora: Indeed, you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task. There is another task I must undertake first. I must try and educate myself—you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself. And that is why I am going to leave you now. How does Nora's character develop the theme that taking ownership of your own life is sometimes necessary? a) Nora admits that she did not raise the children properly in the past, and she wants to educate herself on better ways to raise them. b) Nora regrets her previous comment to Helmer about not trusting him, and she needs to leave to find someone she trusts to educate her. c) Nora decides that her decisions to be a wife and raise children were wrong, so she is leaving in order to educate herself properly. d) Nora wishes that she had not asked Helmer to educate her because she feels he has failed, so she wants to leave to find a new teacher.

c

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: What are little people called that are always wasting money? Nora: Spendthrifts—I know. Let us do as you suggest, Torvald, and then I shall have time to think what I am most in want of. That is a very sensible plan, isn't it? Helmer: [smiling] Indeed it is—that is to say, if you were really to save out of the money I give you, and then really buy something for yourself. But if you spend it all on the housekeeping and any number of unnecessary things, then I merely have to pay up again. Nora: Oh but, Torvald— Helmer: You can't deny it, my dear little Nora. [Puts his arm round her waist.] It's a sweet little spendthrift, but she uses up a deal of money. One would hardly believe how expensive such little persons are! Nora: It's a shame to say that. I do really save all I can. Helmer: [laughing] That's very true,—all you can. But you can't save anything! Nora: [smiling quietly and happily] You haven't any idea how many expenses we skylarks and squirrels have, Torvald. Based on this passage, which statement is the best inference about Torvald's character? a)He thinks that Nora is keeping secrets from him and chides her for lying. b)He is not very generous and does not want Nora to spend money. c)He loves his wife, but he treats her like a child rather than an adult. d)He does not know Nora well enough to know what to buy her.

c

Read the passage from A Doll's House. [SCENE: A room furnished comfortably and tastefully, but not extravagantly. At the back, a door to the right leads to the entrance-hall, another to the left leads to Helmer's study. Between the doors stands a piano. In the middle of the left-hand wall is a door, and beyond it a window. Near the window are a round table, arm-chairs and a small sofa. In the right-hand wall, at the farther end, another door; and on the same side, nearer the footlights, a stove, two easy chairs and a rocking-chair; between the stove and the door, a small table. Engravings on the walls; a cabinet with china and other small objects; a small book-case with well-bound books. The floors are carpeted, and a fire burns in the stove. It is winter. A bell rings in the hall; shortly afterwards the door is heard to open. Enter NORA, humming a tune and in high spirits. She is in outdoor dress and carries a number of parcels; these she lays on the table to the right. She leaves the outer door open after her, and through it is seen a porter who is carrying a Christmas Tree and a basket, which he gives to the maid who has opened the door.] Nora: Hide the Christmas Tree carefully, Helen. Be sure the children do not see it until this evening, when it is dressed. [To the porter, taking out her purse.] How much? Why does the author of the play include the first paragraph of stage directions? a)to allow the readers to get to know the characters b)to explain how a character feels about something c)to allow the reader to visualize the play's setting d)to familiarize the reader with the theme of the play

c

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. Publicity in women is detestable. Anonymity runs in their blood. The desire to be veiled still possesses them. They are not even now as concerned about the health of their fame as men are, and, speaking generally, will pass a tombstone or a signpost without feeling an irresistible desire to cut their names on it, as Alf, Bert or Chas. must do in obedience to their instinct, which murmurs if it sees a fine woman go by, or even a dog, Ce chien est a moi. And, of course, it may not be a dog, I thought, remembering Parliament Square, the Sieges Allee and other avenues; it may be a piece of land or a man with curly black hair. What text structure is used in this passage? a) cause-effect b) problem-solution c) compare-contrast d) chronological order

c

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. The history of men's opposition to women's emancipation is more interesting perhaps than the story of that emancipation itself. An amusing book might be made of it if some young student at Girton or Newnham would collect examples and deduce a theory,—but she would need thick gloves on her hands, and bars to protect her of solid gold. Which rhetorical device is used in this text? a) irony alliteration b) alliteration c) overstatement d) understatement

c

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. The indifference of the world which Keats and Flaubert and other men of genius have found so hard to bear was in her case not indifference but hostility. The world did not say to her as it said to them, Write if you choose; it makes no difference to me. The world said with a guffaw, Write? What's the good of your writing? Here the psychologists of Newnham and Girton might come to our help, I thought, looking again at the blank spaces on the shelves. How does the structure of this passage help develop the text's main idea? a) The cause-effect structure emphasizes that the struggle of gifted women resulted from the struggles of gifted men. b) The problem-solution structure emphasizes that women should look to men of genius for an example of how to succeed. c) The compare-contrast structure emphasizes that the challenges faced by women were greater than those faced by men. d) The compare-contrast structure emphasizes that Keats and Flaubert faced different challenges, even though they were both men.

c

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. They are not even now as concerned about the health of their fame as men are, and, speaking generally, will pass a tombstone or a signpost without feeling an irresistible desire to cut their names on it, as Alf, Bert or Chas. must do in obedience to their instinct, which murmurs if it sees a fine woman go by, or even a dog, Ce chien est a moi. And, of course, it may not be a dog, I thought, remembering Parliament Square, the Sieges Allee and other avenues; it may be a piece of land or a man with curly black hair. What perspective is emphasized by the underlined phrases? a) that men feel a natural inclination to create art b) that men are most concerned with owning property c) that men often give in to their urges for recognition d) that men compete with one another for fame

c

Read the passage. (1) Does cell phone use lead to harmful effects from radiation? (2) Many Americans would love to know the answer, since cell phone use is at an all-time high. (3) Cell phone users abound, most are not well informed about the potential hazards associated with cell phones. (4) Therefore, cell phones should come labeled with information regarding the dangers of using them. Which transition would be best to use at the beginning of sentence 3? a) Most importantly b) In addition c) Although d) Therefore

c

Read the passage. (1) Since prehistoric times, milk has been a vital source of nutrition for human beings. (2) Some doctors and nutritionists believe that consuming milk can be detrimental to our health. (3) Milk is one of the most nutrient-dense beverages we can consume and it should be an essential part of a healthy diet. (4) Drinking just one 8-ounce glass of milk per day puts you well on your way to meeting recommended daily intakes for important nutrients. Which transition would be best to use at the beginning of sentence 2? a) Finally b) Additionally c) However d) Specifically

c

Read the passage. (1) While banning books is not a trendy topic these days, it is still important to acknowledge the outdated and threatening nature of this ongoing practice. (2) The banning of books should be made illegal, based on the rights protected by the First Amendment. (3) If the practice of banning books continues, soon authorities will be banning every other form of media as well. (4) If the Supreme Court has found the banning of books in violation of the Constitution, then who am I to argue? Which sentence in this passage contains a logical fallacy that should be removed? a) sentence 1 b) sentence 2 c) sentence 3 d) sentence 4

c

What is the most important reason to cite evidence in an argumentative essay? a) to allow readers to learn more about the variety of research available to the public b) to provide writers the opportunity to officially present the data they have gathered c) to give credit for the ideas used to the appropriate sources in an organized format d) to condense the information in the essay into a more reader-friendly arrangement

c

I thought of that old gentleman . . . who declared that it was impossible for any woman, past, present, or to come, to have the genius of Shakespeare. He wrote to the papers about it. He also told a lady who applied to him for information that cats do not as a matter of fact go to heaven, though they have, he added, souls of a sort. How much thinking those old gentlemen used to save one! How the borders of ignorance shrank back at their approach! Cats do not go to heaven. Women cannot write the plays of Shakespeare. -A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf Which statement best explains how the rhetorical device supports the central idea? a) The author uses a rhetorical question to make the old gentleman seem ridiculous. b) The author uses an allusion to refer to a well-known expert, showing that the central idea is valid. c) The author reinforces the central idea by understating the wise thoughts of the old gentleman. d) The author emphasizes the central idea by showing the old man's foolishness through his use of overstatement.

d

For though we say that we know nothing about Shakespeare's state of mind, even as we say that, we are saying something about Shakespeare's state of mind. The reason perhaps why we know so little of Shakespeare—compared with Donne or Ben Jonson or Milton—is that his grudges and spites and antipathies are hidden from us. We are not held up by some "revelation" which reminds us of the writer. All desire to protest, to preach, to proclaim an injury, to pay off a score, to make the world the witness of some hardship or grievance was fired out of him and consumed. Therefore his poetry flows from him free and unimpeded. If ever a human being got his work expressed completely, it was Shakespeare. If ever a mind was incandescent, unimpeded, I thought, turning again to the bookcase, it was Shakespeare's mind. -A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf How do the underlined sentences develop the central idea? a)They emphasize the idea that male writers did not face obstacles that women did at the time. b)They show that male writers were able to hone their craft despite not having access to books. c) They convey the idea that only a genius like Shakespeare is capable of such greatness. d)They support the idea that the human mind cannot achieve greatness without books and privacy.

a

For though we say that we know nothing about Shakespeare's state of mind, even as we say that, we are saying something about Shakespeare's state of mind. The reason perhaps why we know so little of Shakespeare—compared with Donne or Ben Jonson or Milton—is that his grudges and spites and antipathies are hidden from us. We are not held up by some "revelation" which reminds us of the writer. All desire to protest, to preach, to proclaim an injury, to pay off a score, to make the world the witness of some hardship or grievance was fired out of him and consumed. Therefore his poetry flows from him free and unimpeded. If ever a human being got his work expressed completely, it was Shakespeare. If ever a mind was incandescent, unimpeded, I thought, turning again to the bookcase, it was Shakespeare's mind. -A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf Which text structure is used in this passage? a) cause-effect b) chronological order c) compare-contrast d) problem-solution

a

Nora: Listen, Torvald. I have heard that when a wife deserts her husband's house, as I am doing now, he is legally freed from all obligations towards her. In any case, I set you free from all your obligations. You are not to feel yourself bound in the slightest way, any more than I shall. There must be perfect freedom on both sides. See, here is your ring back. Give me mine. -A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen Which statement best explains how the plot structure contributes to the theme in this passage? a) Nora's speech resolves the conflict and develops the theme that women have an equal right to be free. b) Nora's speech resolves the conflict and develops the theme that freedom cannot be bought. c) Nora's speech complicates the conflict and develops the theme that the unexamined life is not worth living. d) Nora's speech creates a new conflict and develops the theme that people must make sacrifices to keep the peace.

a

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde [looking at her watch]: Not yet—and the time is nearly up. If only he does not—. [Listens again.] Ah, there he is. [Goes into the hall and opens the outer door carefully. Light footsteps are heard on the stairs. She whispers.] Come in. There is no one here. Krogstad [in the doorway]: I found a note from you at home. What does this mean? Mrs. Linde: It is absolutely necessary that I should have a talk with you. Krogstad: Really? And is it absolutely necessary that it should be here? Mrs. Linde: It is impossible where I live; there is no private entrance to my rooms. Come in; we are quite alone. The maid is asleep, and the Helmers are at the dance upstairs. Which statement best explains how the conventions of plot and setting contribute to the theme? a)The use of letters and secret meetings develops the theme that hiding the truth will eventually lead to hardship. b)The use of questions develops the theme that the truth can be discovered only by asking the right questions. c)The use of doorways develops the theme that being too open about the truth can cause conflict and heartache. d)The use of conversations beginning abruptly develops the theme that getting to the point will always reveal the truth.

a

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora dear. Haven't you been a little bit imprudent? Nora: [sits up straight] Is it imprudent to save your husband's life? Mrs. Linde: It seems to me imprudent, without his knowledge, to— Nora: But it was absolutely necessary that he should not know! My goodness, can't you understand that? It was necessary he should have no idea what a dangerous condition he was in. It was to me that the doctors came and said that his life was in danger, and that the only thing to save him was to live in the south. Do you suppose I didn't try, first of all, to get what I wanted as if it were for myself? I told him how much I should love to travel abroad like other young wives; I tried tears and entreaties with him; I told him that he ought to remember the condition I was in, and that he ought to be kind and indulgent to me; I even hinted that he might raise a loan. That nearly made him angry, Christine. He said I was thoughtless, and that it was his duty as my husband not to indulge me in my whims and caprices—as I believe he called them. Very well, I thought, you must be saved—and that was how I came to devise a way out of the difficulty— Mrs. Linde: And did your husband never get to know from your father that the money had not come from him? Nora: No, never. Papa died just at that time. I had meant to let him into the secret and beg him never to reveal it. But he was so ill then—alas, there never was any need to tell him. Mrs. Linde: And since then have you never told your secret to your husband? Nora: Good Heavens, no! How could you think so? A man who has such strong opinions about these things! And besides, how painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his manly independence, to know that he owed me anything! It would upset our mutual relations altogether; our beautiful happy home would no longer be what it is now. Which statement best compares Nora and Mrs. Linde's traits? a)Nora believes that lying with good intentions is fine, while Mrs. Linde believes that lying to one's husband is wrong. b)Nora believes that it is never prudent for a wife to tell her husband what she does with money, while Mrs. Linde thinks that only small lies are acceptable. c)Mrs. Linde is a spendthrift, while Nora is frugal with the money she is given and reports back to her husband about every penny. d)Mrs. Linde is frugal and dishonest, while Nora spends a lot and is honest with her husband about where she gets money for extras.

a

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Good gracious, can't you understand? There was no old gentleman at all; it was only something that I used to sit here and imagine, when I couldn't think of any way of procuring money. But it's all the same now; the tiresome old person can stay where he is, as far as I am concerned; I don't care about him or his will either, for I am free from care now. [Jumps up.] My goodness, it's delightful to think of, Christine! Free from care! To be able to be free from care, quite free from care; to be able to play and romp with the children; to be able to keep the house beautifully and have everything just as Torvald likes it! And, think of it, soon the spring will come and the big blue sky! Perhaps we shall be able to take a little trip—perhaps I shall see the sea again! Oh, it's a wonderful thing to be alive and be happy. [A bell is heard in the hall.] How does the author use Nora to explore a social issue? a)by exploring the benefits of living with no debt b)by showing that living debt-free is impossible c)by highlighting how easy it is to borrow money d)by showing that happiness consists of more than living debt-free

a

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Really! Did a big dog run after you? But it didn't bite you? No, dogs don't bite nice little dolly children. You mustn't look at the parcels, Ivar. What are they? Ah, I daresay you would like to know. No, no—it's something nasty! Come, let us have a game! What shall we play at? Hide and Seek? Yes, we'll play Hide and Seek. Bob shall hide first. Must I hide? Very well, I'll hide first. [She and the children laugh and shout, and romp in and out of the room; at last NORA hides under the table, the children rush in and out for her, but do not see her; they hear her smothered laughter, run to the table, lift up the cloth and find her. Shouts of laughter. She crawls forward and pretends to frighten them. Fresh laughter. Meanwhile there has been a knock at the hall door, but none of them has noticed it. The door is half opened, and KROGSTAD appears, he waits a little; the game goes on.] Krogstad: Excuse me, Mrs. Helmer: Nora: [with a stifled cry, turns round and gets up on to her knees] Ah! what do you want? Krogstad: Excuse me, the outer door was ajar; I suppose someone forgot to shut it. Nora: [rising] My husband is out, Mr. Krogstad. How do the stage directions in brackets affect the meaning of the text? a)They show that Nora goes from playing happily with her children to being startled by Krogstad, an unwelcome visitor. b)They show that Nora, the children, and Krogstad are on the stage at the same time and are communicating with one another. c)They show that Nora has to take care of her children without the help of her husband, Torvald, and resents it greatly. d)They show that Krogstad is familiar to the family and is a frequent visitor, so he can walk in without knocking.

a

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Speak low. Suppose Torvald were to hear! He mustn't on any account—no one in the world must know, Christine, except you. Mrs. Linde: But what is it? Nora: Come here. [Pulls her down on the sofa beside her.] Now I will show you that I too have something to be proud and glad of. It was I who saved Torvald's life. Mrs. Linde: "Saved"? How? Nora: I told you about our trip to Italy. Torvald would never have recovered if he had not gone there— Mrs. Linde: Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds. Nora: [smiling] Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, but— Mrs. Linde: But— Nora: Papa didn't give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money. How does the author develop a social issue in this passage? a)by introducing the conflict that Nora is proud of her accomplishment but has to keep it secret b)by introducing the conflict that Nora's father loaned them the money to save Torvald's life c)by showing that a long-term stay in Italy made Torvald healthier and thus saved his life d)by showing that Torvald would not have recovered on his own if he had not received help from others

a

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. There was an enormous body of masculine opinion to the effect that nothing could be expected of women intellectually. Even if her father did not read out loud these opinions, any girl could read them for herself; and the reading, even in the nineteenth century, must have lowered her vitality, and told profoundly upon her work. There would always have been that assertion—you cannot do this, you are incapable of doing that—to protest against, to overcome. Probably for a novelist this germ is no longer of much effect; for there have been women novelists of merit. But for painters it must still have some sting in it; and for musicians, I imagine, is even now active and poisonous in the extreme. The woman composer stands where the actress stood in the time of Shakespeare. Which statement best explains how the structure of this text supports Woolf's purpose? a) The compare-contrast structure helps the reader understand how women artists in a variety of disciplines have been affected by cultural norms. b) The cause-effect structure supports the point of view that men, particularly fathers, are often the source of young women's oppression. c) The problem-solution structure supports the point of view that conditions for women artists in most disciplines have improved dramatically. d) The chronological structure illustrates the pressures discouraging women artists from pursuing their passions from youth to adulthood.

a

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. To have lived a free life in London in the sixteenth century would have meant for a woman who was poet and playwright a nervous stress and dilemma which might well have killed her. Had she survived, whatever she had written would have been twisted and deformed, issuing from a strained and morbid imagination. How do the connotations of the underlined words emphasize the author's point of view? a) The negative connotations of the words emphasize the author's feeling that societal norms damage women artists in severe and lasting ways. b) The negative connotations of the words emphasize the unreasonable extent to which women artists are challenged by the demands of the creative process. c) The positive connotations of the words emphasize the author's insistence that facing great challenges helps women enhance their creativity. d) The positive connotations of the words emphasize the author's belief that women artists are strong enough to overcome tremendous hardships.

a

Read the passage. (1) Standardized testing in education is clearly the most effective way to assess a wide range of students to gauge their progress. (2) Many have feared that using these tests will take away from true academic growth and creative thought. (3) This, quite simply, is not the case. (4) Standardized testing is a reliable and objective way to measure student achievement, and many tests actually encourage innovative thinking. (5) One long-term analysis of standardized testing found that over 90 percent of studies done on this type of assessment showed a positive effect on student achievement. (6) This fact alone is enough to calm the fears and anxieties of standardized-testing opponents. Which sentence is a counterclaim? a) sentence 2 b) sentence 4 c) sentence 5 d) sentence 6

a

Read the passage. (1) The CEO of an automobile company once stated what many believe—that police officers are the professionals who are the most overworked, underpaid, and deserving of bonuses in the country—and I agree. (2) Beyond a doubt, police officers deserve all of the respect, resources, and pay that we can offer. (3) Police officers should be given bonuses just like any other professional working group. (4) Anyone who has had a police officer touch his or her life knows how police officers can make a difference. (5) So it is small compensation to allow these professionals to do their jobs with regular bonuses, and of course the respect and admiration they deserve. Which sentence in this passage contains a logical fallacy that should be removed? a) sentence 1 b) sentence 3 c) sentence 4 d) sentence 5

a

Helmer: What sort of an expression is that to use about our marriage? Nora [undisturbed]: I mean that I was simply transferred from papa's hands into yours. You arranged everything according to your own taste, and so I got the same tastes as you—or else I pretended to, I am really not quite sure which—I think sometimes the one and sometimes the other. When I look back on it, it seems to me as if I had been living here like a poor woman—just from hand to mouth. I have existed merely to perform tricks for you, Torvald. But you would have it so. You and papa have committed a great sin against me. It is your fault that I have made nothing of my life. Helmer: How unreasonable and how ungrateful you are, Nora! -A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen What evidence from the text best supports the theme that the oppressed live unsatisfying lives? Check all that apply. a) "I was simply transferred from papa's hands into yours." b) "I had been living here like a poor woman." c) "I have existed merely to perform tricks for you." d) "It is your fault that I have made nothing of my life." e) "How unreasonable and how ungrateful you are."

a & b & c & d

Which statements describe key interactions in the play? Check all that apply. a) Mrs. Linde listens to Nora's problems and offers advice. b) Nora experiences conflict with her husband and Krogstad. c) Krogstad tries to help Torvald and Nora in whatever way he can. d) Mrs. Linde is a longtime friend of Torvald's and hopes that Nora can find her a job. e) Doctor Rank is a friend to both Nora and Torvald, and they respect his advice. f) Krogstad, who works for Torvald, secretly lent money to Nora, and intends to use this fact as blackmail.

a & b & e & f

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Helmer: And it is just by interceding for him that you make it impossible for me to keep him. It is already known at the Bank that I mean to dismiss Krogstad. Is it to get about now that the new manager has changed his mind at his wife's bidding— Nora: And what if it did? Helmer: Of course!—if only this obstinate little person can get her way! Do you suppose I am going to make myself ridiculous before my whole staff, to let people think that I am a man to be swayed by all sorts of outside influence? I should very soon feel the consequences of it, I can tell you! And besides, there is one thing that makes it quite impossible for me to have Krogstad in the Bank as long as I am manager. Nora: Whatever is that? Helmer: His moral failings I might perhaps have overlooked, if necessary— Nora: Yes, you could—couldn't you? Helmer: And I hear he is a good worker, too. But I knew him when we were boys. It was one of those rash friendships that so often prove an incubus in afterlife. I may as well tell you plainly, we were once on very intimate terms with one another. But this tactless fellow lays no restraint on himself when other people are present. On the contrary, he thinks it gives him the right to adopt a familiar tone with me, and every minute it is "I say, Helmer, old fellow!" and that sort of thing. I assure you it is extremely painful for me. He would make my position in the Bank intolerable. Which statements best describe the conflict? Select two options. a) Helmer is controlling and does not want to be seen as one who lets his wife sway or control him. b) Krogstad controls Helmer, and he does not want people to know about his past with Helmer. c) Helmer does not like the way Krogstad tries to be his equal, and he wants to fire him from the bank. d) Nora controls Helmer, and thinks that Krogstad is not as bad as Helmer believes he is. e) Krogstad controls Nora, thinks that Nora is irresponsible, and wants to hide his past with Helmer.

a & c

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. The reason perhaps why we know so little of Shakespeare . . . is that his grudges and spites and antipathies are hidden from us. We are not held up by some "revelation" which reminds us of the writer. All desire to protest, to preach, to proclaim an injury, to pay off a score, to make the world the witness of some hardship or grievance was fired out of him and consumed. Which words in this passage emphasize the significance of creative expression as an emotional outlet? Select two options. a) fired b) grudges c) consumed d) hidden e) perhaps

a & c

What types of evidence support inferences about characters in a play? Select three options. a)characters' thoughts and actions b)the number of characters on stage c)characters' appearances and ways of dressing d)characters' responses to other characters e)the names of the characters

a & c &d

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: That's right. Well, we will share it, Nora, as man and wife should. That is how it shall be. [Caressing her.] Are you content now? There! There! Not these frightened dove's eyes! The whole thing is only the wildest fancy! Now, you must go and play through the Tarantella and practise with your tambourine. I shall go into the inner office and shut the door, and I shall hear nothing; you can make as much noise as you please. [Turns back at the door.] And when Rank comes, tell him where he will find me. [Nods to her, takes his papers and goes into his room, and shuts the door after him.] Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. She picked up a book now and then, one of her brother's perhaps, and read a few pages. But then her parents came in and told her to mend the stockings or mind the stew and not moon about with books and papers. They would have spoken sharply but kindly, for they were substantial people who knew the conditions of life for a woman and loved their daughter—indeed, more likely than not she was the apple of her father's eye. Based on the language in these texts, what viewpoints would both Ibsen and Woolf most likely agree on? Select two options. a) Norah and Judith deserve more credit than they receive. b) Not all women are able to of provide for their families. c) Marriage should be an institution that is central to every woman's life. d) People who oppress women are not necessarily motivated by a desire to harm them. e) All people have the same reasons for discouraging women's intellectual contributions.

a & d

Use the drop-down menus to select the character that best completes each sentence. a) ____ threatens to reveal Nora's indiscretions. b) ____ does not trust Nora and thinks that she cannot act responsibly. c) ____ has been a longtime friend of Nora's. d) ____ acts silly but is a lot more resourceful than some think.

a) = Krogstad b) = Helmer c) = Mrs. Linde d) = Nora

Had she [Judith Shakespeare] survived, whatever she had written would have been twisted and deformed, issuing from a strained and morbid imagination. And undoubtedly, I thought, looking at the shelf where there are no plays by women, her work would have gone unsigned. That refuge she would have sought certainly. It was the relic of the sense of chastity that dictated anonymity to women even so late as the nineteenth century. Currer Bell, George Eliot, George Sand, all the victims of inner strife as their writings prove, sought ineffectively to veil themselves by using the name of a man. -A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf Based on the underlined words in the text, what inference can be made about the author's perspective? a) Female authors are reserved, so they prefer to remain anonymous. b) Society discriminates against women, so female writers often hide their identity. c) Judith Shakespeare did not face the same challenges as other women of her era. d) Female authors are just as talented as male authors, and they get equal recognition.

b

Helmer: Because such an atmosphere of lies infects and poisons the whole life of a home. Each breath the children take in such a house is full of the germs of evil. Nora: [coming nearer him] Are you sure of that? Helmer: My dear, I have often seen it in the course of my life as a lawyer. Almost everyone who has gone to the bad early in life has had a deceitful mother. Which statement is the best explanation of the dramatic irony in this passage? a) The audience knows that Nora is excited by Helmer's words and waits for him to see it, creating a contradictory situation. b) The audience knows that Nora has lied and that therefore Helmer's complaint about liars is contradictory to his actual situation. c) The audience knows that Nora is unhappy, and waits for her to realize it; this gives the audience a different understanding of the situation. d) The audience knows that Helmer is kind and loving, and waits for Nora to realize this, creating a disconnect between expectations and actions.

b

Nora: Nurse, I want you to tell me something I have often wondered about--how could you have the heart to put your own child out among strangers? Nurse: I was obliged to, if I wanted to be little Nora's Nurse. Nora: Yes, but how could you be willing to do it? Nurse: What, when I was going to get such a good place by it? A poor girl who has got into trouble should be glad to. Besides, that wicked man didn't do a single thing for me. Nora: But I suppose your daughter has quite forgotten you. How does this interaction between Nora and the nurse affect the plot? a) Nora discusses the nurse's child with her, which creates conflict. b) Nora thinks about leaving her own family, which builds suspense. c) Nora thinks about leaving her own family, which reveals her motivations. d) Nora is not on a first-name basis with her nurse, which reveals her personality.

b

Read the claim and reason. Beginning in high school, students should earn their own money by finding after-school employment. An after-school job serves not only as income, but as valuable experience for when students leave school for the workforce. Read the counterclaim and reason. While having a source of income can certainly be a learning experience for high school students, they should maintain their focus on academics and extracurricular activities. Working after school, many experts agree, can lead to a decrease in school success, which can then limit students' options when they enter the workforce. How can the rebuttal best address the counterclaim? a) The rebuttal should include examples of jobs that are available to students and the problems associated with those jobs. b) The rebuttal should acknowledge that school remains a priority and discuss the benefits of a balance between school and work. c) The rebuttal should address the need for a discussion on the matter by restating both points before reaching a conclusion. d) The rebuttal should state a logical explanation for both opinions before granting credibility to the need for school to remain a priority.

b

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Nora: That letter is from Krogstad. Mrs. Linde: Nora—it was Krogstad who lent you the money! Nora: Yes, and now Torvald will know all about it. Mrs. Linde: Believe me, Nora, that's the best thing for both of you. Nora: You don't know all. I forged a name. Mrs. Linde: Good heavens—! Nora: I only want to say this to you, Christine—you must be my witness. Mrs. Linde: Your witness? What do you mean? What am I to—? Nora: If I should go out of my mind—and it might easily happen— Mrs. Linde: Nora! Nora: Or if anything else should happen to me—anything, for instance, that might prevent my being here— Mrs. Linde: Nora! Nora! you are quite out of your mind. Nora: And if it should happen that there were some one who wanted to take all the responsibility, all the blame, you understand— Mrs. Linde: Yes, yes—but how can you suppose—? Nora: Then you must be my witness, that it is not true, Christine. I am not out of my mind at all; I am in my right senses now, and I tell you no one else has known anything about it; I, and I alone, did the whole thing. Remember that. Which statement best describes the conflict? a) Nora has accused Krogstad of forging her name on the loan she received from him, and threatens to expose him. b) Nora has forged her father's name on the loan she received from Krogstad, and he is threatening to expose her to Helmer. c) Nora fears that she will go out of her mind, and she needs Mrs. Linde's promise that she will help when the time comes. d) Mrs. Linde refuses to understand the severity of Nora's problem between her and her husband and will not help her.

b

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Rank: Let me play for her. Helmer [getting up]. Yes, do. I can correct her better then. [RANK sits down at the piano and plays. NORA dances more and more wildly. HELMER has taken up a position beside the stove, and during her dance gives her frequent instructions. She does not seem to hear him; her hair comes down and falls over her shoulders; she pays no attention to it, but goes on dancing. Enter MRS. LINDE:] Mrs. Linde: [standing as if spell-bound in the doorway] Oh!— Nora: [as she dances] Such fun, Christine! Helmer: My dear darling Nora, you are dancing as if your life depended on it. Nora: So it does. Helmer: Stop, Rank; this is sheer madness. Stop, I tell you! [RANK stops playing, and NORA suddenly stands still. HELMER goes up to her.] I could never have believed it. You have forgotten everything I taught you. Nora: [throwing away the tambourine]. There, you see. Helmer: You will want a lot of coaching. Nora: Yes, you see how much I need it. You must coach me up to the last minute. Promise me that, Torvald! Helmer: You can depend on me. Which statement best describes the dramatic irony in this passage? a) The audience knows that the tarantella is supposed to be wildly fast, but Helmer does not. b) The audience knows that Nora is intentionally failing to dance correctly, but Helmer does not. c) The audience knows that Helmer does not know how to dance, but Nora does not know this. d) The audience knows that Doctor Rank loves Nora, but Helmer does not know that he does.

b

Read the excerpt from act 3 of \A Doll's House. Helmer: Listen to her, Mrs. Linde! She had danced her Tarantella, and it had been a tremendous success, as it deserved—although possibly the performance was a trifle too realistic—a little more so, I mean, than was strictly compatible with the limitations of art. But never mind about that! The chief thing is, she had made a success—she had made a tremendous success. Do you think I was going to let her remain there after that, and spoil the effect? No, indeed! I took my charming little Capri maiden—my capricious little Capri maiden, I should say—on my arm; took one quick turn round the room; a curtsey on either side, and, as they say in novels, the beautiful apparition disappeared. An exit ought always to be effective, Mrs. Linde; but that is what I cannot make Nora understand. Pooh! this room is hot. [Throws his domino on a chair, and opens the door of his room.] Hullo! it's all dark in here. Oh, of course—excuse me—. What evidence from the text best supports the theme that society places limits on the roles of women? a) "She had danced her Tarantella, and it had been a tremendous success." b) "I took my charming little Capri maiden . . . on my arm." c) "An exit ought always to be effective, Mrs. Linde." d) "But that is what I cannot make Nora understand."

b

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Helmer: That is like a woman! But seriously, Nora, you know what I think about that. No debt, no borrowing. There can be no freedom or beauty about a home life that depends on borrowing and debt. We two have kept bravely on the straight road so far, and we will go on the same way for the short time longer that there need be any struggle. Nora: [moving towards the stove]. As you please, Torvald. Helmer: [following her]. Come, come, my little skylark must not droop her wings. What is this! Is my little squirrel out of temper? [Taking out his purse.] Nora, what do you think I have got here? Nora: [turning around quickly]. Money! Helmer: There you are. [Gives her some money.] Do you think I don't know what a lot is wanted for housekeeping at Christmas-time? Nora: [counting]. Ten shillings—a pound—two pounds! Thank you, thank you, Torvald; that will keep me going for a long time. How do the stage directions in brackets affect the meaning of the text? a)They show the lines of dialogue each character speaks. b)They help the reader visualize the characters' actions. c)They show the emotions of one or more of the characters. d)They tell the reader which character is speaking at what time.

b

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. The reason perhaps why we know so little of Shakespeare—compared with Donne or Ben Jonson or Milton—is that his grudges and spites and antipathies are hidden from us. We are not held up by some "revelation" which reminds us of the writer. All desire to protest, to preach, to proclaim an injury, to pay off a score, to make the world the witness of some hardship or grievance was fired out of him and consumed. Therefore his poetry flows from him free and unimpeded. What message is emphasized by the alliteration and parallel structure in this passage? a) People who write have more negative than positive feelings. b) Writing provides an important and necessary emotional outlet. c) The feelings of certain writers have been well documented. d) The purpose of writing is to seek revenge on one's attackers.

b

Which statement best explains the ending of the play? a) Helmer defends Nora's actions, and he decides that they will resolve things together. b) Helmer calls Nora a hypocrite, and she leaves him and criticizes his treatment of her. c) Krogstad has a change of heart, and he decides to let Nora and Helmer live happily together. d) Nora convinces Helmer that Krogstad should be rehired at the bank, avoiding potential conflict.

b

For it needs little skill in psychology to be sure that a highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift for poetry would have been so thwarted and hindered by other people, so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty. -A Room of One's Own, Virginia Woolf Which words or phrases from the text support the author's perspective that gifted female writers had difficulty gaining recognition? Check all that apply. a) "needs little skill" b) "hindered by other people" c) "tortured and pulled asunder" d) "contrary instincts" e) "to a certainty"

b & c

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. Thus, I concluded, shutting Mr Oscar Browning's life and pushing away the rest, it is fairly evident that even in the nineteenth century a woman was not encouraged to be an artist. On the contrary, she was snubbed, slapped, lectured and exhorted. Which points of view are emphasized by the underlined words in this passage? Select two options. a) that being a female artist is emotionally painful b) that female artists are treated with hostility c) that female artists are ostracized by society d) that being an artist is not safe for a woman e) that female artists are always taken for granted

b & c

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. Unfortunately, it is precisely the men or women of genius who mind most what is said of them. Remember Keats. Remember the words he had cut on his tombstone. Think of Tennyson; think but I need hardly multiply instances of the undeniable, if very fortunate, fact that it is the nature of the artist to mind excessively what is said about him. Literature is strewn with the wreckage of men who have minded beyond reason the opinions of others. Which rhetorical devices are used in the underlined portion of this passage? Select two options. a) allusion b) metaphor c) overstatement d) understatement e) parallel structure

b & c

Nora: [breathlessly]. Torvald—what was that letter? Helmer: Krogstad's dismissal. Nora: Call her back, Torvald! There is still time. Oh Torvald, call her back! Do it for my sake—for your own sake—for the children's sake! Do you hear me, Torvald? Call her back! You don't know what that letter can bring upon us. Helmer: It's too late. Nora: Yes, it's too late. Which statement best describes how the interaction between Nora and Helmer develops the plot? a) The letter is a symbol for the couple's incompatible relationship. b) The couple is always in conflict, which will continue throughout the play. c) The couple has reached a point where the conflict has become more complicated. d) The couple will need to come to an agreement about Krogstad, as things cannot get any worse.

c

Nora: [going up to HELMER] I have wanted you so much, Torvald dear. Helmer: Was that the dressmaker? Nora: No, it was Christine; she is helping me to put my dress in order. You will see I shall look quite smart. Helmer: Wasn't that a happy thought of mine, now? Nora: Splendid! But don't you think it is nice of me, too, to do as you wish? Helmer: Nice?—because you do as your husband wishes? Well, well, you little rogue, I am sure you did not mean it in that way. But I am not going to disturb you; you will want to be trying on your dress, I expect. Nora: I suppose you are going to work. Helmer: Yes. [Shows her a bundle of papers.] Look at that. I have just been into the bank. [Turns to go into his room.] Nora: Torvald. Helmer: Yes. Nora: If your little squirrel were to ask you for something very, very prettily—? Helmer: What then? Nora: Would you do it? Helmer: I should like to hear what it is, first. Nora: Your squirrel would run about and do all her tricks if you would be nice, and do what she wants. Helmer: Speak plainly. Nora: Your skylark would chirp about in every room, with her song rising and falling— Helmer: Well, my skylark does that anyhow. Nora: I would play the fairy and dance for you in the moonlight, Torvald. What prediction does this excerpt best support? a) Nora is going to ask Helmer to pay off the debt. b) Nora is going to tell Helmer that she borrowed money. c) Nora is going to beg Helmer to let Krogstad keep his job. d) Nora is going to ask Helmer to replace the dress.

c

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora. You are still very like a child in many things, and I am older than you in many ways and have a little more experience. Let me tell you this—you ought to make an end of it with Doctor Rank. Nora: What ought I to make an end of? Mrs. Linde: Of two things, I think. Yesterday you talked some nonsense about a rich admirer who was to leave you money— Nora: An admirer who doesn't exist, unfortunately! But what then? Mrs. Linde: Is Doctor Rank a man of means? Nora: Yes, he is. Mrs. Linde: And has no one to provide for? Nora: No, no one; but— Mrs. Linde: And comes here everyday? Nora: Yes, I told you so. Mrs. Linde: But how can this well-bred man be so tactless? Nora: I don't understand you at all. Mrs. Linde: Don't prevaricate, Nora. Do you suppose I don't guess who lent you the two hundred and fifty pounds? What is the dramatic irony in this passage? a) The audience knows that Nora and Doctor Rank are having an affair, but Nora denies it. b) The audience knows that Mrs. Linde is jealous of Nora, but Nora does not know this. c) The audience knows that Krogstad loaned Nora money, but Mrs. Linde does not know this. d) The audience knows that Doctor Rank loaned Nora money, but Nora denies this.

c

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Come here. [Pulls her down on the sofa beside her.] Now I will show you that I too have something to be proud and glad of. It was I who saved Torvald's life. Mrs. Linde: "Saved"? How? Nora: I told you about our trip to Italy. Torvald would never have recovered if he had not gone there— Mrs. Linde: Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds. Nora: [smiling] Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, but— Mrs. Linde: But— Nora: Papa didn't give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money. Mrs. Linde: You? All that large sum? Nora: Two hundred and fifty pounds. What do you think of that? Mrs. Linde: But, Nora, how could you possibly do it? Did you win a prize in the Lottery? Nora: [contemptuously] In the Lottery? There would have been no credit in that. Mrs. Linde: But where did you get it from, then? Nora: [humming and smiling with an air of mystery]. Hm, hm! Aha! Mrs. Linde: Because you couldn't have borrowed it. Nora: Couldn't I? Why not? Mrs. Linde: No, a wife cannot borrow without her husband's consent. Nora: [tossing her head] Oh, if it is a wife who has any head for business—a wife who has the wit to be a little bit clever— Based on this passage, which statement is the most accurate inference to make about Nora? a)Nora thinks that her husband is incapable of getting enough money to save himself. b)Nora deceives her husband so that she can have her own money to spend as she wishes. c)Nora has a deep love for her husband to go to such an extreme length to save him. d)Nora is resentful that she is not allowed to borrow money without her husband's consent.

c

Read the passage from A Doll's House. Nora: Well, then I have found other ways of earning money. Last winter I was lucky enough to get a lot of copying to do; so I locked myself up and sat writing every evening until quite late at night. Many a time I was desperately tired; but all the same it was a tremendous pleasure to sit there working and earning money. It was like being a man. Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. She stood at the stage door; she wanted to act, she said. Men laughed in her face. The manager—a fat, looselipped man—guffawed. He bellowed something about poodles dancing and women acting—no woman, he said, could possibly be an actress. He hinted—you can imagine what. She could get no training in her craft. What central idea is explored in both passages? a) the idea that writing was exhausting work for men and women alike b) the idea that women were able to earn their independence by writing c) the idea that women did not typically have the opportunity to do professional work d) the idea that women felt pressured to make their own work the lowest priority

c

[Krogstad:] My sons are growing up; for their sake I must try and win back as much respect as I can in the town. This post in the Bank was like the first step up for me—and now your husband is going to kick me downstairs again into the mud. Nora: But you must believe me, Mr. Krogstad; it is not in my power to help you at all. How does the conflict between Nora, Krogstad, and Torvald affect the plot? a) It will have little to no impact because this is background information used to create character. b) It will have a minor impact because Nora and Krogstad are both guilty of the same crime. c) It will have a major impact because it hints at future conflicts between Nora and her husband. d) It will have a major impact because Nora is a good liar, and Torvald will never learn the truth.

c

Where should you include supporting evidence in an outline for an argumentative essay? Select two options. a) in the introduction b) directly after the claim c) directly after the reasons d) as support for the rebuttal e) in the conclusion

c & d

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer [kissing her on the forehead]: Goodnight, my little singing-bird. Sleep sound, Nora. Now I will read my letters through. [He takes his letters and goes into his room, shutting the door after him.] Nora [gropes distractedly about, seizes HELMER'S domino, throws it round her, while she says in quick, hoarse, spasmodic whispers]: Never to see him again. Never! Never! [Puts her shawl over her head.] Never to see my children again either—never again. Never! Never!—Ah! the icy, black water—the unfathomable depths—If only it were over! He has got it now—now he is reading it. Goodbye, Torvald and my children! [She is about to rush out through the hall, when HELMER opens his door hurriedly and stands with an open letter in his hand.] How do the stage directions best support the theme that the truth can never be hidden? Select two options. a) When Helmer kisses Nora on the forehead, he is telling her that he will always love her despite what happens. b) When Helmer takes his letters and shuts the door to his room, he is demonstrating that he wants his personal business hidden from Nora. c) When Nora wraps her shawl around herself, she is attempting to hide from Helmer and symbolically keep her secrets hidden. d) When Nora speaks in spasmodic whispers, she is showing that the truth about Helmer is causing her a great deal of distress. e) When Helmer stands with the open letter, he is showing Nora that he knows of her actions and wants to confront her.

c & e

How does the author's overall word choice in the reading support her perspective? a) The author uses rhetorical devices and rhetorical questions to emphasize the perspective that women were steadily gaining equal rights. b) The author chiefly uses imagery and irony to help the reader visualize the various opportunities explored by women playwrights long ago. c) The author frequently changes from words with positive connotations to words with negative connotations to portray a balanced view of women in society. d) The author chooses words with positive connotations to describe the gifts of women writers, and negative words to discuss the lack of opportunities and rights for women.

d

Nora: Listen, Torvald. I have heard that when a wife deserts her husband's house, as I am doing now, he is legally freed from all obligations towards her. In any case, I set you free from all your obligations. You are not to feel yourself bound in the slightest way, any more than I shall. There must be perfect freedom on both sides. See, here is your ring back. Give me mine. -A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen What evidence from the text best supports the theme that women have an equal right to be free? a) "He is legally freed from all obligations towards her." b) "I set you free from all your obligations." c) "You are not to feel yourself bound in the slightest way." d) "There must be perfect freedom on both sides."

d

Nora: [putting her arms round her neck] Dear old Anne, you were a good mother to me when I was little. Nurse: Little Nora, poor dear, had no other mother but me. Nora: And if my little ones had no other mother, I am sure you would—What nonsense I am talking! [Opens the box.] Go in to them. Now I must—. You will see tomorrow how charming I shall look. How does Ibsen use dramatic irony to create the suspense in this passage? a) Nora does not know that the nurse was her only mother, but the audience does. b) Nora does not know if she will leave her children, but the audience knows that she will. c) The nurse does not understand how important she is to Nora, but Nora does. d) The nurse does not know that Nora will leave her children, but the audience does.

d

Nora:] When I look back on it, it seems to me as if I had been living here like a poor woman—just from hand to mouth. I have existed merely to perform tricks for you, Torvald. But you would have it so. You and papa have committed a great sin against me. It is your fault that I have made nothing of my life. -A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen How do the archetypes depicted in this passage reveal a theme in the play? a) Helmer's depiction as a villain develops the theme that true happiness resides in equality between men and women. b) Nora's depiction as a mother develops the theme that parents are obligated to take care of their children. c) Helmer's depiction as a ruler develops the theme that money does not bring happiness. d) Nora's depiction as an oppressed innocent reveals the theme that the oppressed live unsatisfying lives.

d

Read the claim. Human bodies have developed over time to support a vegetarian diet. Read the counterclaim. Humans have eaten meat along with plants for more than two million years, contributing to our successful evolution. Read the rebuttal. Evolution is the process of development over history, meaning that change in diet is constant. Which statement best analyzes the rebuttal? a) It is effective because it creates emphasis by adding reasoning to the claim. b) It is effective because it provides both empirical and logical supporting evidence. c) It is ineffective because it does not address or acknowledge the counterclaim. d) It is ineffective because it does not logically point out a flaw in the counterclaim.

d

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: [goes on sewing. A short silence] Does Doctor Rank come here everyday? Nora: Everyday regularly. He is Torvald's most intimate friend, and a great friend of mine too. He is just like one of the family. Mrs. Linde: But tell me this—is he perfectly sincere? I mean, isn't he the kind of man that is very anxious to make himself agreeable? Nora: Not in the least. What makes you think that? Mrs. Linde: When you introduced him to me yesterday, he declared he had often heard my name mentioned in this house; but afterwards I noticed that your husband hadn't the slightest idea who I was. So how could Doctor Rank—? Nora: That is quite right, Christine. Torvald is so absurdly fond of me that he wants me absolutely to himself, as he says. At first he used to seem almost jealous if I mentioned any of the dear folk at home, so naturally I gave up doing so. But I often talk about such things with Doctor Rank, because he likes hearing about them. Mrs. Linde: Listen to me, Nora. You are still very like a child in many things, and I am older than you in many ways and have a little more experience. Let me tell you this—you ought to make an end of it with Doctor Rank. How does the conversation between Mrs. Linde and Nora affect the plot? a) It has no impact, because Doctor Rank is a minor character in the plot and is not involved with Nora. b) It has little impact, because Nora and Doctor Rank only interact with each other in one scene. c) It has an important impact, because Nora decides that she should leave Helmer for the doctor. d) It has a major impact, because it hints at the doctor's feelings for Nora and her attempt at manipulation.

d

Read the excerpt from act 2 of A Doll's House. Rank: And what other nice things am I to be allowed to see? Nora: Not a single thing more, for being so naughty. [She looks among the things, humming to herself.] Rank: [after a short silence] When I am sitting here, talking to you as intimately as this, I cannot imagine for a moment what would have become of me if I had never come into this house. Nora: [smiling] I believe you do feel thoroughly at home with us. Rank: [in a lower voice, looking straight in front of him] And to be obliged to leave it all— Nora: Nonsense, you are not going to leave it. Rank: [as before] And not be able to leave behind one the slightest token of one's gratitude, scarcely even a fleeting regret—nothing but an empty place which the first comer can fill as well as any other. Nora: And if I asked you now for a—? No! Rank: For what? Nora: For a big proof of your friendship— Rank: Yes, yes! Nora: I mean a tremendously big favour— Rank: Would you really make me so happy for once? Nora: Ah, but you don't know what it is yet. Rank: No—but tell me. Nora: I really can't, Doctor Rank. It is something out of all reason; it means advice, and help, and a favour— Rank: The bigger a thing it is the better. I can't conceive what it is you mean. Do tell me. Haven't I your confidence? Nora: More than anyone else. I know you are my truest and best friend, and so I will tell you what it is. Well, Doctor Rank, it is something you must help me to prevent. You know how devotedly, how inexpressibly deeply Torvald loves me; he would never for a moment hesitate to give his life for me. What does the audience know that Doctor Rank does not? a) Nora has been hiding her love for Doctor Rank. b) Nora does not trust Doctor Rank's sincerity. c) Nora will force Doctor Rank into helping her d) Nora is manipulating Doctor Rank for a favor.

d

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Helmer [walking up and down]: He had so grown into our lives. I can't think of him as having gone out of them. He, with his sufferings and his loneliness, was like a cloudy background to our sunlit happiness. Well, perhaps it is best so. For him, anyway. [Standing still.] And perhaps for us too, Nora. We two are thrown quite upon each other now. [Puts his arms round her.] My darling wife, I don't feel as if I could hold you tight enough. Do you know, Nora, I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake. What evidence from the passage best supports the theme that society placed expectations on men and women based on gender? a) "I can't think of him as having gone out of them. He, with his sufferings and his loneliness, was like a cloudy background to our sunlit happiness." b) "And perhaps for us too, Nora. We two are thrown quite upon each other now." c) "My darling wife, I don't feel as if I could hold you tight enough." d) "I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my life's blood, and everything, for your sake."

d

Read the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Mrs. Linde: You seemed to me to imply that with me you might have been quite another man. Krogstad: I am certain of it. Mrs. Linde: Is it too late now? Krogstad: Christine, are you saying this deliberately? Yes, I am sure you are. I see it in your face. Have you really the courage, then—? Mrs. Linde: I want to be a mother to someone, and your children need a mother. We two need each other. Nils, I have faith in your real character—I can dare anything together with you. Krogstad [grasps her hands]. Thanks, thanks, Christine! Now I shall find a way to clear myself in the eyes of the world. Ah, but I forgot— How does the conflict in this passage develop a theme? a) Mrs. Linde creates a conflict by promising something she cannot give to Krogstad, which develops the theme that empty promises can destroy relationships. b) Krogstad continues the conflict by choosing clearing his name over having a life with Mrs. Linde, which develops the theme that you must often choose yourself over others. c) Krogstad creates a conflict by deceiving Mrs. Linde about his intentions, which develops the theme that, in love, actions speak louder than words. d) Mrs. Linde resolves the conflict by committing to a new life with Krogstad, which develops the theme that new beginnings are always possible.

d

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. Indeed, I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without singing them, was often a woman. It was a woman Edward Fitzgerald, I think, suggested who made the ballads and the folk-songs, crooning them to her children, beguiling her spinning with them, or the length of the winter's night. How do the underlined words emphasize the author's ideas? a) The words' neutral connotations indicate that women create better work when they remain anonymous. b) The words' negative connotations indicate that the work of women artists tends to be overly emotional. c) The words' positive connotations indicate that women's artistic talent is greater than men's talent. d) The words' positive connotations emphasize the beauty and skill in the work of a particular female artist

d

Read the passage from A Room of One's Own. This may be true or it may be false—who can say?—but what is true in it, so it seemed to me, reviewing the story of Shakespeare's sister as I had made it, is that any woman born with a great gift in the sixteenth century would certainly have gone crazed, shot herself, or ended her days in some lonely cottage outside the village, half witch, half wizard, feared and mocked at. For it needs little skill in psychology to be sure that a highly gifted girl who had tried to use her gift for poetry would have been so thwarted and hindered by other people, so tortured and pulled asunder by her own contrary instincts, that she must have lost her health and sanity to a certainty. How does Woolf use language to emphasize the idea that brilliant women were often feared in the 16th century? a) She describes these women as psychologically tortured. b) She describes these women as "pulled asunder." c) She describes these women as lonely and isolated. d) She describes these women as "half witch, half wizard."

d

ead the excerpt from act 3 of A Doll's House. Krogstad: If it were as you say, why did you write to me as you did at the time? Mrs. Linde: I could do nothing else. As I had to break with you, it was my duty also to put an end to all that you felt for me. Krogstad [wringing his hands]. So that was it. And all this—only for the sake of money! Mrs. Linde: You must not forget that I had a helpless mother and two little brothers. We couldn't wait for you, Nils; your prospects seemed hopeless then. Which theme is best developed through the events described in this passage? a) Ending a relationship will help those involved move forward. b) True love always prevails regardless of the circumstances. c) Pleasing one's family will eventually lead to pleasing oneself. d) Monetary concerns can sometimes outweigh personal desires.

d