English4IT Vocabulary Units 1-25

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Norbert Weiner

(1894-1964) is considered The forefather of Computer Ethics

George Boole

(2 November 1815 - 8 December 1864) English mathematician and philosopher who invented the boolean value

Alan Mathison Turing

(23 June 1912 - 7 June 1954) English computer scientist known as the "father of computer science"; inventor of a famous test, which is used as a empirical basis for what makes a computer a computer

Edgar Frank Codd

(August 23, 1923 - April 18, 2003) English computer scientist known for his work in inventing the "relational model" for databases, which is still in use today

Robert Noyce

(December 12, 1927 - June 3, 1990) American engineer and businessman nicknamed "The Mayor of Silicon Valley", he co-founded Fairchild Semiconductor in 1957 and Intel in 1968

Charles Babbage

(December 26, 1791 - October 18, 1871) English mathematician, analytical philosopher who drew up plans for the first programmable computer called the Difference Engine

John Warner Backus

(December 3, 1924 - March 17, 2007) American computer scientist known for leading the team who invented FORTRAN, the first widely used high-level programming language

Steve Jobs

(February 24, 1955 - October 5, 2011) American founder and former CEO of Apple Computer in 1976 and a leading figure in the computer industry; he helped popularize the concept of the home computer and was one of the first to see the commercial potential of the GUI and mouse

Vannevar Bush

(March 11, 1890 - June 28, 1974) American Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, he coordinated the activities of some six thousand leading American scientists in the application of science to warfare; he also came up with an idea called the 'memex' which was a forefather to hypertext.

Seymour Cray

(September 28, 1925 - October 5, 1996) American supercomputer architect who founded the company named after himself; he quickly became known as manufacturing the world's fastest computers for over 30 years

Andy Grove

(born 2 September 1936) Hungarian-American Chairman of Intel Corporation during much of its rapid financial growth in the 1980's and 1990's

Tim Berners-Lee

(born 8 June 1955) Englishman known as the father of the World Wide Web; in 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project based based on URIs, HTTP and HTML; he also founded the World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C )in 1994

Yukihiro Matsumoto

(born April 14th, 1965) Japanese creator of the Ruby programming language, considered to be the most object-oriented language ever created

Steve Wozniak

(born August 11, 1950) American co-founder of Apple Computer, fifth grade math teacher, and famous for designing the first commercially successful home computer (Apple II)

Linus Torvalds

(born December 28, 1969) Finnish creator of the Linux operating system in 1991; his motivation was to create a Unix-like Operating System for the x86 processor as an alternative to Windows, which he described as a "broken toy"

Bjarne Stroustrup

(born December 30, 1950) Danish inventor of the C++ programming language

Ken Thompson

(born February 4, 1943) American co-inventor of the Unix Operating system in 1969 while working for AT&T; he also invented the 'B' programming language and worked on the UTF-8 character set

Guido van Rossum

(born Jan 31, 1956) Dutch inventor of the Python programming language

Gordon Moore

(born January 3, 1929) American co-founder of Intel Corporation and the author of a law later named after him which predicts the speed increase of integrated circuits over time

Richard Stallman

(born March 16, 1953) American freedom activist and founder of the free software movement, the GNU project, and the Free Software Foundation

Ralph Baer

(born March 8, 1922) German-American who was instrumental in inventing the Magnavox Odyssey, the first home video game console

James Gosling

(born May 19, 1955) Canadian computer scientist known as the father of the Java langage.

Rasmus Lerdorf

(born November 22, 1968) Danish inventor of the PHP programming language, currently the world's most popular web programming language.

Bill Gates

(born October 28, 1955) American founder of Microsoft Corporation and developer of Windows; he was the richest man in the world for many years before he gave away a lot of his wealth to charity.

Larry Wall

(born September 27, 1954) American programmer and author, most widely known for his creation of the Perl programming language in 1987.

Dennis Ritchie

(born September 9, 1941) American inventor of the C programming language

byte (binary term)

8 bits

flash drive

A USB device used for portable data storage, typically between 1 gigabyte and 1 terabyte in size; also known as a USB drive, jump drive, and even a key drive

ethernet

A baseband local-area network originally developed by Xerox Corp. Normally running between 10 Mbps and 1,000 Mbps

Voltaic cell

A device that derives energy from chemical reaction, such as in a battery

hyperlink

A document cross-reference technique enabling the retrieval of a related document or resource simply by clicking on an underlined word or image.

tape drive

A legacy storage device using magnetic ribbon inside a plastic cassette

USB (Universal Serial Bus)

A relatively fast and convenient computer technology allowing the connection of many peripherals such as digital cameras, scanners, external hard drives, etc.

power supply

A separate unit or part of a circuit that supplies the correct amount of electrical current to a computer system.

mouse pointer

A special icon (normally an arrow) which indicates the current location of the mouse on the desktop screen.

magnetic storage

A storage technique using patterns of charged particles on a metallic surface to store data; examples include hard disk drives, tape drives, floppy disk drives

emoticon

A symbol that uses the characters on a computer keyboard to convey emotion an email or instant message, such as the smiley face :)

SATA (Serial ATA)

A widely used bus for connecting hard disk drives and similar devices to the motherboard and running at speeds up to 6 Gbit/s.

speaker

An internal or external device which converts electrical impulses into audible sound.

coprocessor

Any computer processor or portion of the CPU which assists the main processor by performing a highly specialized task

IBM (International Business Machines)

Armonk, New York based company founded by Charles Ranlett Flint in 1911; known for building large scale business machines of nearly every type from typewriters to mainframes to personal computers

Apple

Cupertino, California based computer company founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

Facebook

Menlo Park, California company founded in 1994 by Mark Zuckerberg which calls itself a "social network" and focuses on advertising and interpersonal communication

Google

Mountain View, California company founded by Larry Page and Sergei Brin in 1998; known for their search technology, Android mobile OS, web-based productivity tools, and cloud hosting services

HP (Hewlett-Packard)

Palo Alto, California startup founded in a one-car garage in 1939 by two engineering students "Bill" and "Dave"; known for producing high quality computers printers, and other peripherals

Microsoft

Redmond, Washington software company founded by Bill Gates and Larry Allen in 1977; known for Windows operating system, Office productivity software, and Azure cloud computing platform

Oracle

Redwood Shores, California company founded in 1977 by Larry Ellison and known for developing database software and supply chain management software

Dell

Round Rock, Texas computer manufacturer founded by "Micheal" in 1984; known for its direct-sales approach, low cost, and highly configurable product offerings

Cisco

San Jose, California company founded by Len Bosack, Sandy Lerner, and Richard Troiano in 1984 which sells networking and telecommunications products and services

Western Digital

San Jose, California company founded in 1970 by Alvin B. Phillips; the world's largest manufacturer of computer storage devices

Adobe

San Jose, California multimedia software company founded in 1982 by John Warnock and Charles Geschk; known for Flash, Photoshop and PDF software technologies

Nvidia

Santa Clara, California company founded by Jensen Huang, Chris Malachowsky, and Curtis Priem in 1993; known for producing GPUs (graphical processing units) for gaming, cryptocurrency mining, and media creation purposes

Intel

Santa Clara, California company founded in 1968 by Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce; known for manufacturing microprocessors and other high tech products

AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)

Santa Clara, California company founded in 1969 by Jerry Sanders; known as the second largest manufacturer of x86 processors and graphics processors

Amazon

Seattle company founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994 and specializing in mail order and and cloud computing

TIL (today I learned)

Something to type in a chat before stating a recently acquired humorous or educational fact

fault tolerance

The ability of a system component to fail without causing the entire system to shut down; this is often accomplished with redundancy

motherboard

The main printed circuit board in a computer that carries the system buses, sockets for processors, memory modules, etc

- (minus sign)

The operator sign often indicating the process of subtraction or difference

e-commerce (electronic commerce)

The term for buying and selling goods and services over the world wide web

download

The transfer a file or files from a remote computer to the user's computer

PHB (pointy haired boss)

This is a derogatory reference to a stereotypical IT manager who choose their technology platforms based on the latest TV commercial and have no knowledge at all of what their employees actually do

video memory

This is dedicated or shared memory set aside specifically for the graphics processor

BIOS (basic input output system)

This is normally a ROM program that controls the base functionality of the computer such as video, hard drives, optical drives, and keyboard

double-click

To depress and release the left mouse button twice in quick succession

click

To press and release the primary (left-side) mouse button

authenticate

To verify that a process is true or genuine

wcgw

What could possibly go wrong?

OS (operating system)

a GUI or CLI software link between the computer and operator; also provides a framework for productivity software such as an office suite, web browser, or programming languages

VB (Visual Basic)

a Windows-only, multi-paradigm programming language developed by Microsoft and intended for beginners or casual use

switch

a block of code or function causing a program to change its default behavior

ethics

a branch of philosophy that addresses questions about morality (what is right and wrong)

social engineering

a broad term for any online or offline technique that uses deception to trick people into giving out confidential information

backbone

a central high speed network that connects smaller, independent networks

_ (underscore)

a character often used in file names to join words without using a space; originally used on typewriters to make underlined text

spec (specification)

a clear set of technical or quantitative requirements

SAN (storage area network)

a cluster of storage devices working together to provide shared network storage

cipher

a coded message or secret way of writing

privacy coin

a coin that focuses on anonymous transactions over other features

packet

a collection of bits normally sent through a network that contains data surrounded by error correction information

chipset

a collection of integrated circuits on the motherboard designed to perform certain tasks such as control components and system buses

FLOPS (floating point operations per second)

a common measurement of computer speed dealing with decimal calculations in a given amount of time

satoshi

a common measurement of the worth of altcoins, measuring one hundred millionth of a Bitcoin.

graphics card

a component of a computer which is designed to convert a binary image stored in memory to a display medium

sound card

a component which allows a computer to play and record audio

supercomputer

a computer designed to perform intensive tasks such as weather prediction, big data calculations, or space research.

crash

a computer failure due to faulty hardware or a serious software bug

Ctrl (control key)

a computer key often used in shortcuts or to initiate some action with the help of another key

embedded system

a computer using a relatively slow and specialized processor and ROM chip, normally used to control a particular device such as a washing machine or an MP3 player

path

a continuous trace or wire in electric circuit which connects various components

optical storage

a data storage technique using a pattern of markings on a disc that can be read by a laser; examples include CDROM, and DVD-ROM technology

array

a data structure such as a variable that holds other variables in a particular order; For example: $a = ($b, $c, $d)

blockchain

a decentralised digital ledger of transactions maintained by consensus

DAO (distributed autonomous organization)

a decentralised organisation often enabling users to purchase shares and vote for rule changes

ir/else statement

a decision making process wherein a block of code may or may not be executed based on pre-existing condition

leech

a derogatory term for a person who uses download bandwidth without contributing appropriate upload bandwidth

spaghetti code

a derogatory term for poorly organized programming code

scanner

a device for capturing a binary digital image from a hard copy

firewall

a device or software program designed to prevent unauthorized access to a network

modem

a device which converts digital signals into analog signals, and back again when needed

fingerprint reader

a device which forms a digitised image of a human finger print for the purpose of biometric authentication

cryptocurrency

a digital asset using secure computer algorithms to secure its transactions, create additional units, and verify transfer

touchscreen

a display that also acts as an input device by allowing a user to navigate a program by pressing specific locations of the screen

hidden file

a file which does not appear by default in a directory listing; normally for security reasons or to spare confusion in end users

current

a flow of electric charge (such as electrons or ions)

SDLC (software development life cycle)

a formalized approach to creating and maintaining software

WWW (World Wide Web)

a global hypertext system operating on the Internet that enables electronic communication of text and multimedia

network

a group of connected computers which share resources

consensus process

a group of peers responsible for maintaining a distributed ledger

smartphone

a hand-held multimedia computer optimized for communication and featuring a touch screen and internet connection

mouse

a handheld input device used to move an onscreen pointer by means of sliding on a flat surface

soldering iron

a handy tool used to assemble the electrical components on a PCB (printed circuit board)

microphone

a hardware device plugged into a computer's sound card optimized for voice commands or other audio recording

dongle

a hardware device that plugs into a parallel or a USB port, acting as copy protection for a particular software application

barcode reader

a hardware peripheral designed to 'scan' products into an inventory tracking system

workstation

a high quality computer, typically with lots of RAM, plenty of CPU power, and a high quality video card

enterprise architect

a high-level position responsible for understanding a business's overall needs and then designing an IT structure to support it

Java

a high-level, compiled, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.

Python

a high-level, interpreted programming language developed by Guido van Rossum at CWI in the Netherlands

Perl

a high-level, interpreted programming language written by Larry Wall in 1986 and typically used for a wide variety of programming tasks including system administration

PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor)

a high-level, interpreted programming language written by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995 and aimed mainly at web developers creating dynamic applications

IT manager

a job position acting as a bridge between upper management and IT; one who encourages personal development in IT staff; the boss of an IT worker

QA manager (quality assurance manager)

a job title whose responsibilities include ensuring appropriate performance for a software project and organizing and instructing testers

software tester

a job title whose responsibilities include ensuring that a software project meets established quality guidelines

Esc (escape key)

a key normally in the upper left corner of a keyboard labeled with program specific functions such as backing out of a menu

tab key

a key that, when pressed, moves the insertion point to the next preset marker

\ (back slash)

a key used for separating files and folders, normally in a Windows file system.

/ (forward slash)

a key used to separate folders and files, often used in Unix file systems

& (ampersand)

a key which is used in many languages to mean 'and'

Pgdn (page down key)

a key which jumps the cursor a preset amount of distance towards the bottom of a document

Pgup (page up key)

a key which jumps the cursor a preset amount of distance towards the top of a document

Del (delete key)

a key which moves the cursor one space to the right deleting any character which might be there

Pr Scr (print screen key)

a key which normally captures the current screen to the clipboard to be pasted into an imaging program

caps lock key

a key which toggles letters between upper and lower case

PCB (printed circuit board)

a laminate board which supports electric components in the circuit

PDA (personal digital assistant)

a legacy handheld computer often running Palm OS or Windows CE and used as a contact organizer, game machine, work tool, or access controller

scroll lock key

a legacy key, normally with a corresponding LED light, which often has no assigned usage

floppy disk drive

a legacy storage device which can read and write data slowly from a removable magnetic medium (normally 3.5" in diameter and holding 1.44 MB of data)

private key

a long random string of text used to create your digital signature

C

a low-level, compiled programming language developed in the early 1970s by Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system

portability

a measure of how easily programs can be moved to a new system without having to make any changes.

usability

a measure of how easy or efficient a program is to use

bandwidth

a measurement of the capacity of data which can be moved between two points in a given period of time

benchmark

a measurement or standard that serves as a point of reference by which process performance is measured

compression

a method of packing data in order to save disk storage space or download time

domain

a named group of networked computers that are administered as a unit with common rules and procedures

function

a named sequence of procedural code statements that perform a certain task

electrical circuit

a network or interconnection of electric components in a closed loop

WAN (wide area network)

a network which covers more than one building or area

client-server

a networking model in which the functions are divided between "child" computers and a single "parent" computer which stores and controls access to data

P2P (peer-to-peer)

a networking model where computers seamlessly share data; used primarily to reduce sever bottlenecks and reduce costs

PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)

a newer bus type used mainly for graphic cards and running at speeds up to 16,000 MB/s

EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory)

a non-volatile (permanent) memory type that is erasable via ultra-violet light and reprogrammable

CEI (Computer Ethics Institute)

a nonprofit research, education, and public policy organization focused on the issues, dilemmas, and challenges of advancing information technology within ethical frameworks

stylus

a part of an input device resembling a pen used to draw on the surface of a graphics tablet

printer

a peripheral device that produces a hard copy, normally paper, from data stored in a computer

DBA (database administrator)

a person in charge of managing and maintaining relational databases and their access rights

early adopter

a person who likes new things and often buys them before they are proven

end user

a person who uses a product or service on a computer

troll

a person who writes intentionally controversial posts on a user forum in order to start a flame war

programmer

a person who writes or modifies computer programs or applications

desktop computer

a personal computer typically in the shape of a tower or box with a connected keyboard, mouse, and monitor

medium

a physical transmission device or storage device of information

RC (release candidate)

a piece of software that has passed its testing stages and is close to release

trial version

a piece of software which is available for evaluation by customers free of charge, normally for a limited amount of time

killer app

a piece of software which redefines the industry, often causing people to rush out and buy new hardware so they can use it

trackball

a pointing device consisting of a ball on top of a base that is rotated to move a cursor on the computer screen

JavaScript

a popular web page scripting language created by Brendan Eich at Netscape to provide client-side interactivity in Web pages.

tablet

a portable computer shaped in the form of a notebook and capable of advanced handwriting recognition via use of a stylus or on-screen keyboard.

laptop

a portable computer with a built-in screen, integrated keyboard, and battery power

diskette

a portable magnetic storage media enclosed in a plastic sleeve, typically holding 1.4 MB of data

DVD (digital versitile disc)

a portable storage medium which can hold between 4.7 and 17 gigabytes of data, often used for storing movies, games, and operating systems

software developer

a position responsible for gathering information around a programming task and performing it

network administrator

a position responsible for maintenance of all aspects of a computer network; often a specialist in TCP/IP, Linux, and related routing technology such as Cisco

information architect

a position responsible for making complex data structures easy to understand and navigate; especially critical at the beginning of new software development projects to ensure the application performs in a useful way for it's intended end-users

IT support engineer

a position responsible for on-demand support for end users including: fixing hardware, installing software, and troubleshooting minor network issues

PM (project manager)

a position responsible for organizing and delivering a project on time and on budget; often acts a bridge between developers and stake-holders

database developer

a position responsible for programming and optimizing databases

IT security manager

a position responsible for setting best practices for securing wi-fi networks, servers, backups, laptops, and VPNs

technical writer

a position responsible for the creation and maintenance of documentation relating to an IT project including online help, user guides, white papers, and design specifications

graphic designer

a position responsible for the creation of images, typography, mock-ups for an organizations's front end systems; normally works under a company Art Director

BA (business analyst)

a position responsible for the interpretation of business rules and delivering them to technical systems

BBS (Bulletin Board System)

a predecessor to modern websites, these were early online communities that users could dial into using a modem

m (milli)

a prefix meaning one thousandth

paper wallet

a printed version of a cryptocoin's private key

open source

a program in which the code is distributed allowing programmers to alter and change the original software as much as they like

interpreter

a program that reads a high-level programming language, converts it into machine code, and then immediately runs that code

compiler

a program that takes human readable code and turns it into machine readable code for running at a later time

multi-paradigm language

a programming language that supports both procedural and object-oriented programming philosophies

attribute

a property such as order, size, or color

VPN (virtual private network)

a relatively high security connection to a private network

restriction

a rule or law which limits or controls something

commandment

a rule to be observed as strictly

LED (light-emitting diode)

a semiconductor source of light

statement

a sentence of code in a programming language, usually ending with a semi-colon

for loop

a sequence of instructions set to be repeated a specified amount of times until a condition is met

while loop

a sequence of instructions set to continue until a certain expression is false

string

a series of letters and/or numbers

DIP switch

a set of electric switches using a dual in-line package design

IC (integrated circuit)

a set of electronic interconnections in a small "chip" or plate where all the elements are inseparable

arrow keys

a set of four input buttons on a keypad or keyboard often used for navigation in interfaces or applications.

protocol

a set of standards or rules which govern communication

file permissions

a set of strict rules for controlling read, write, and execute access to a file or directory

double spend problem

a single financial transaction potentially happening in two places at once

shitcoin

a slang term for a pointless or worthless cryptocurrency with no future

LAN (local area network)

a small computer network normally contained within one room or building

.NET Framework

a software framework by Microsoft which executes code via a virtual machine

app (application)

a software program which allows a user to perform specific tasks such as word processing, email, accounting, database management

VM (virtual machine)

a software program which mimics the performance of one or more hardware devices in order to run software independently of the actual hardware

X (X Window System)

a software toolkit for UNIX systems underlying numerous GUI window managers including KDE and Gnome

patch

a software update intended to fix bugs or security holes in a software release

beta

a software version which is feature-ready, has passed early testing, and ready for more widespread testing

light bulb

a source of electric light which uses a filament stored in a glass enclosure

Alt (alternate key)

a special key which can open toolbar windows, assist other commands, or change the accent over a letter.

router

a specialized computer which connects two networks

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

a specialized coprocessor designed to handle graphical calculations such as 3D modeling and games

lambo (Lamborghini)

a sports car closely associated closely with cryptocurrency millionaire memes

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

a standard 32-bit bus running at 132 MB/s

privacy policy

a statement or a legal document that discloses the ways an organization gathers, uses, and stores the end user's data

SSD (solid state drive)

a storage device characterized by high speed, no-moving parts, and low energy consumption

hard disk drive

a storage device using rotating magnetic platters to quickly store and retrieve digital data

regex (regular expression)

a string that describes or matches a set of strings, according to certain syntax rules

operator

a symbol that represents a arithmetical calculation

variable

a symbol used to represent data which can be changed while the program is running

plug and play

a term used to describe the technology where a peripheral device is automatically recognized and configured when it is detected

cookie

a text file created by web sites which contains personal information about an end user

CLI (command line interface)

a text-only link between a computer and its operator

Waterfall

a top down approach to software development with everything decided up front with milestones and distant deadlines

Wi-Fi

a trademarked, nontechnical term used to describe a certain quality of wireless networking compatibility

server

a type of computer intended primarily for central distribution of data to other computers on the same network

RAM (random access memory)

a type of computer memory known for being volatile (temporary) and fast.

distributed computing

a type of computing in which a computational task is divided into subtasks that execute on a collection of networked computers

ROM (read-only memory)

a type of memory which is known for being non-volatile (permanent) and fast

semiconductor storage

a type of storage using integrated circuits to store data; examples include RAM, ROM, and flash memory

IP address

a unique string of numbers that identifies a computer or server on the Internet

operand

a value from which an operator derives another value

argument

a value passed to a function when it is called

parameter

a variable specified inside a function or subroutine definition which may set by the code which calls it

monitor

a visual interface display between the computer and the operator; normally a large rectangular LCD, LED, or CRT device

NIC (network interface card)

a wired or increasingly wireless PCI or USB device that connects a computer to a network

productive

able to deliver a high number of something efficiently

voltage

also known as "electric tension", is a difference between electric potential between two points

acronym

an abbreviation; a way of writing a longer string of words more concisely

IDE (integrated development environment)

an application normally consisting of a source code editor, a compiler and/or interpreter, build-automation tools, and a debugger

MVP (minimum viable product)

an early release with only the most important features included

capacitor

an electrical component which uses electrostatics to store energy

resistor

an electrical component, which restricts the flow of electrons in the circuit.

solar cell

an electrical device which converts the energy from light into electricity

microprocessor

an electronic device constructed from microscopic transistors and other circuit elements on a single integrated circuit; popular manufactures of these devices include Intel, AMD, and IBM

computer

an electronic, digital device that stores and processes information

EMF (electromotive force)

an energy measured in volts; refers to the potential which causes the flow of electrons (and ions) in a conductor

bug

an error in a computer program

CTO (chief technical officer)

an executive position responsible for all scientific and technological issues related to a company; normally has a strong technical and somewhat less strong management background

CIO (chief information officer)

an executive position responsible for internal processes and practices; normally has a stronger business administration background than technical background

peripheral

an external computer add-on, such as a printer or a scanner; also known as an 'accessory'

GUI (graphical user interface)

an icon based link between a computer and its operator

error

an incorrect action attributable to poor judgment, ignorance, or inattention

subroutine

an independent block of code, separate from the main program, which performs a specific task necessary to the program

geek

an individual with a passion for computers, to the exclusion of other normal human interests

touchpad

an input device consisting of a sensitive rectangular area in which one uses a finger to move a cursor on a display

graphics tablet

an input device or mouse alternative using a sensitive rectangular surface and a stylus

light pen

an input device using a light-sensitive pen shaped handle which can be used to draw on the computer screen

joystick

an input device with a vertical rod mounted on a base used to control pointing devices or on-screen objects; normally with one or more buttons

goto statement

an instruction in older procedural programming languages that specifies that the instruction execution is to jump to specified location, normally a line number

quantum memory

an interface between light and matter that allows for the storage and retrieval of entangled photonic qubits

Hz (hertz)

an internationally used frequency unit; equals one cycle per second

Agile

an iterative and incremental software development approach with work divided into sprints of a predetermined length

Ruby

an object-oriented, high-level, interpreted programming language developed in the 1990's by ace Japanese programmer Yukihiro Matsumoto.

PC (personal computer)

an older device or application that continues to be used because of the high cost of replacing it

legacy system

an older device or application that continues to be used because of the high cost of replacing it

Linux

an open source version of Unix developed by a volunteer team of programmers around the world

Bluetooth

an open wireless protocol for exchanging data; primarily used for connecting mobile devices to computers

BD (Blu-Ray Disc)

an optical read-only disc storage media format used for data or movie storage with same dimensions as a standard DVD or CD; holds up to 50 GB or 6 times the storage of a DVD

CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory)

an optical storage medium which can store approximately 650 MB of read-only data

W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

an organization which develops specifications and guidelines for the World Wide Web.

database

an organized, electronic collection of information optimized for fast access and typically consisting of rows, columns, indexes, and keys

display

an output screen which contains visual information; some variants include: LED lights, CRT or LCD monitors, and virtual reality goggles

IPS (instructions per second)

an very raw measurement of computer processor speed

node

any computer or other device connected to network

altcoin

any cryptocurrency other than Bitcoin

component

any device internal to the computer, such as a primary hard disk drive or motherboard

hypertext

any electronic cross-referencing document first prophesized by Vannevar Bush in 1945

function key

any one of several "F" keys on the keyboard that performs a programmable input

input device

any peripheral used primarily to enter data into a computer

software

any program designed to run on a computer

object-oriented language

any programming language optimized for modeling real-world objects and concepts

procedural language

any programming language that is based on a step-by-step approach to solving a problem.

webcam

any specialized video camera designed to transmit video over the internet

leading edge

at the forefront of a new technology; also referred to as "state-of-the-art"

you should be wary

be careful because something might be dangerous or disastrous

mining

being rewarded with cryptocurrency for providing routine bookkeeping and verification services

tedious

boring, repetitive, or slow or long

AFK (away from keyboard)

busy in the 'real world'; often used in chats after a long pause in a chats

compatible

capable of being used without modification

callback

code that is passed as an argument to other code

horked

completely broken in some mysterious way; corrupted

wearables

computers designed to be worn on the wrist, head, or other places on the body often to improve mobility.

barebone

computers which are sold incomplete or in kits that require extra components to be functional

elegant code

concise, clean, and clear code which allows other developers to understand and extend it

multitasking

concurrent execution of two or more tasks by a processor

cracking

criminal hacking; exploiting security holes to gain unauthiorized access to computer systems

dependent

decided or controlled by something else

ARPANET (Advanced Projects Research Agency Network)

developed by the US military for defense purposes, this was first global network with packet switching

photoshopping

digitally transforming or altering a photograph in order to misrepresent the original

perform a meaningful task

do something useful as opposed to waste time

help file

electronic documentation included with a program

freemium

functioning software distributed free of charge with the possibility to buy more features later if desired

Internet privacy

general techniques and technologies used to protect sensitive data, communications, and preferences

print server

hardware or software designed to connect a network device with a printer

case

in typography, this is the distinction between capital (big) and lower (small) letters

fintech

innovation that aims to compete with traditional delivery of financial services

fungible

interchangeable and replaceable

data

literally meaning 'that which is given', this term refers to raw information of any kind

non-volatile

long-term, persistent, does not require power to retain it's state

phishing

obtaining sensitive information through a deceptive email campaign, while pretending to be a trusted person or business

^ (caret key)

often used to denote rising another number to a power; also used in regular expressions to denote the starting point

G (giga)

one billion

n (nano)

one billionth

M (mega)

one million

µ (micro)

one millionth

1337

one of the best hackers or coders that you know

K (kilo)

one thousand

T (tera)

one trillion

consent

permission, allowing

hardware

physical things that make up a computer, such as a component or a peripheral

format

prepare a device to store data, erasing any existing data

proprietary

privately developed and owned technology

daps (decentralized applications)

programs designed to work without a central owner, server, or controller

consequences

results; things that happen as a result of a previous action

syntax

rules governing the structure of a programming language

groupware

software applications that facilitate shared work on documents and information

closed source

software in which the license stipulates that the user cannot see, edit, or manipulate the source code of a software program

device driver

software which converts the data from a component or peripheral into data that an operating system can use

fanboy

someone obsessed or devoted to a particular item or genre

n00b

someone who can't hack or program very well

code monkey

someone who sits and programs all day; someone who is only valued for their programming skills

trendsetter

someone who successfully defines a path for the rest of the industry to follow

feature

something a computer program is "supposed" to do; these are often reasons to use a particular program or upgrade to a more recent version

whatever

something sarcastic you can say to non-technical people when they tell repeatedly give you misguided technical instructions that are impossible, impractical, dangerous, or overly time-consuming

IMHO (in my humble opinion)

something to put in a chat before stating something which is subjective (not a fact)

FTW (for the win)

something to say when you are trying to accomplish something important and you are very near to your goal "Lizard Team attack the base FTW!"

ROTFL (rolling on the floor laughing)

something to type when lol simply isn't enough

LOL (laughing out loud)

something to type when someone else types something funny

BRB (be right back)

something you say in a chat message to show you will need to go to the toilet or go grab a Coke

l8r (later)

something you say when you are leaving a chat

AFAIK (as far as I know)

something you type in a chat message to say you are not 100% sure about the accuracy of your statement

volatile

temporary, requires power to retain it's state

speech recognition

the ability of a computer to convert spoken words from a user into usable data

OCR (optical character recognition)

the ability of a computer to determine standard letters and numbers based on fuzzy logic

URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

the address which specifies the location of a file on the Internet

* (asterisk)

the character which often means "multiply" in a math equation or "match all" in a RegEx wildcard

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

the coding or tagging syntax used to write documents for web browsers

reputation

the common opinion about someone or something

convergence

the evolution of devices towards common functionality

alpha

the first version of a software application that is "feature ready" but still very far from "production ready"

kernel

the fundamental part of an operating system responsible for providing access to the machine's hardware

alpha geek

the guy the other engineers go to when they have a problem they can't solve

Internet

the largest known public network in the world, connecting millions of computers around the world

frequency

the number of cycles per unit time of a sound wave, most often measured in hertz

ECMAScript

the official name and standard for the commonly known JavaScript language

+ (plus sign)

the operator sign normally indicating the operation of addition

EOL (end of life)

the point when something is no longer useful or relevant

the dark web

the portion of the Web that has been intentionally hidden and is inaccessible through standard web browsers

encryption

the process of making information 'more secure' by rendering it unreadable to anyone but the intended recipient

parentheses

the punctuation marks '(' and ')'used in pairs to group values or sets of values.

square brackets

the punctuation marks '[' and ']' used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text

brackets

the punctuation marks '{' and '}' used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text

% (percent sign)

the sign meant to show a common measurement based on a fraction of 100

@ (at sign)

the sign often used in email addresses to separate usernames from domain names

< (less than sign)

the sign which means that the value on the left is smaller than the value on the right

> (greater than sign)

the sign which means that the value on the right is less than the value on the left

form factor

the size, configuration, or physical arrangement of a computing device

bit (binary digit)

the smallest unit of storage; normally referred to as a '1' or '0'

mooning

the term when a crypto coin's market activity and price go way up in a short amount of time

domain name

the unique name which identifies a website

pita (pain in the ass)

this is nerd slang for anything annoying

# (hash key)

this key is often used to comment out code or signify a number; in the US this known as a pound sign or a number key

~ (tilde)

this key normally means "approximately" in mathematics; in Unix systems this character is used to represent a home directory

rest at ease

to be free from worry

abort

to end a program or a process before its completion

sign out

to end a session with computer or network resource

sign in

to enter information related to an account name and its password in order to access a computer resource

encounter

to meet or come across

right-click

to press the right-side mouse button

upgrade

to replace an older version of software or hardware with a newer version

snoop

to search for private information without permission

execute

to start a program on a computer

upload

to transfer a file from a local computer to a remote computer

copyright infringement

to use somebody's content without proper permission

flame

to write an intentionally abusive reply to a comment or forum post

global scope

usable anywhere in a program

local scope

usable only in a limited section of program text such as a function


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