Ento 3003 Final

Which of the following best describes the length of the house fly life cycle:

10 days

The treatment threshold for lice in cow/calf or stockers operation is:

10 lice per square inch.

When utilizing a spot cards to monitor fly populations within a CAFO what is the action threshold?

100 spots per week

What is considered the economic threshold for horn flies on cattle?

200 flies per animal

Northern fowl mite populations of approximately __ can cause death to the bird

200,000

The average amount of eggs that a little beetle can lay:

200-400

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Arachnida: 3 pairs of legs, no antennae or wings, cephalothorax and abdomen, 1 pair mouthparts- chelicerae

3 pairs of legs

Alright arachnids always have at least ___ pairs of legs, while adult insects have ___ pairs of legs.

4;3

Energy costs in litter beetle damaged broiler house are reported to be ___higher than in houses without beetle damage

67%

Arthropods make up ~___ percent of all animals.

75

Compare and contrast epidemiology and clinical medicine

???

Draw and list the main components of the epidemiological triad

???

Explain in your own words of the difference between endemic and epidemic.

???

List and explain the three most important aspects of a successful vector of disease

???

Mutualism is best described as:

A positive interaction for both organisms.

What is considered the ideal insecticidal class rotation for horn fly control?

Abamectin-organophosphate-pyrethroid

___ are a measure of the actual insect population according to a per animal unit basis.

Absolute estimates

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter: ecdysone, acetylcholine, estrogen, none of the above.

Acetylcholine

Face flies overwinter as ___ and seek out the same ___.

Adults and hibernaculum

Viruses, parasites, toxins, and radiation are examples of which component of the epidemiological triad?

Agents

What is the term of the digestive organ that extends from mouth to anus:

Alimentary canal

Which of the following is true about swine pox virus? It is not zoonotic, transmitted by hematopinus suis, related to chicken pox virus, transmitted directly through contact.

All of the above are true

Beef producers lose millions of dollars due to arthropod pests by: direct physical harm and damage, reduced weight gains, treatment of diseases transmitted by Arthropods, all of the above.

All of the above.

Cochliomyia hominivorax are attracted to warm-blooded hosts. In which type of sites will they lay their eggs? Gaping wounds, tick bites, newborn navels, all of the above.

All of the above.

Density dependent factors include: best site availability, competition for food, availability of mates, all of the above, none of the above.

All of the above.

Equine piroplasmosis has a unique transmission cycle when the protozoan parasites are with ticks, which of the following best describes this type of transmission?

All of the above.

Which of the following is a major aspect for estimating pest populations: insect stage to sample, sample location, when to sample, all of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following pathogens is not primarily transmitted by ticks? Babesia bovis, theileria parva, ehrlichia runinantum, anaplasma marginale, all of the above.

All of the above.

Why is having a Refugia important for resistance management?

Allows survival of susceptible genes

Which tick species has been documented to cause tick paralysis in cattle?

American dog tick

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Arthropods: Bilateral symmetry, dorsal heart with open circulation, an endoskeleton make-up of bones, paired, joint appendages.

An endoskeleton make-up of bones

Which of the following is not considered an off farm impact that flies can cause? Public health, neighborhood relations, annoyed feedlot workers, litigation.

Annoyed feedlot workers

Formula representing population growth:

B+i > d+e

Mosquitos, sand flies, and fleas exhibit ____ blood digestion pattern when digesting a blood meal whereas higher Diptera and Hemiptera exhibit _____ blood digestion patterns.

Batch system, continuous system

Larvae that infest wool in sheep more commonly known as "wool maggots" belong to which fly species:

Blow flies (larvae)

The main production system that bed bugs affect is:

Broiler breeders

What is the compound that blister beetles have that causes horses to get sick?

Cantharidin

Derivatives of carbamic acid

Carbamates

Which of he following is the primary vector that transmits bluetongue virus?

Ceratopogonidae: culicoides

Which of the following is not a haustellate type mouth part: lapping, sponging, chewing, piercing-sucking.

Chewing

What mite mainly occurs on the forefeet or under dew claws of goats?

Chorioptic scab mite

Bluetongue virus is closely related to the causative agent if what disease of deer?

Chronic wasting disease

Vector: Flies Pathogen:? Disease: Botulism

Clostridia botutinum

Vector: Litter beetles Pathogen: Eimeria spp Disease: ?

Coccidiosis

The feeding punctures of sheep keys causes a condition known as __in tanned goat skin.

Cockle

Beetles:

Coleoptera

Vector: muscidae-- primarily face flies Pathogen: moraxella bovis Disease: ?

Conjunctivitis

Which fly genus is the primary cause of "sweet itch" in horses?

Culicoides (biting midge)

___ was widely used during WWII against human live.

DDT

Which of the following is not a requirement of understanding for the application of livestock pest management practices: relationship between arthropod populations and damage for a particular system, detection of a single infested animal on a farm, nature of the livestock production system, biology of the pest arthropod complex associated with the system.

Detection of a single infested animal on a farm

Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of hemolymph: maintains hydrostatic pressure, storage of proteins and nutrients, primary immune response system, and diffusion of oxygen into tissues.

Diffusion of oxygen into tissues.

Flies:

Dipeteria

Sheep keys belong to which insect order?

Dipteria

Muscles pull directly on my he wings:

Direct flight

(Question 21, test 2 two positive curves x axis is time y axis is density) Identify the EIL and ET from the following graph:

EIL then EIT

Ecdysis, or molting, is controlled in insects by a hormonal signal, of which the two most important hormones are:

Ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH)

All holometabolous insects have the following life cycle, in the correct order:

Egg-larva-pupa-adult

What is the best method to control bot flies developing within the horse?

Endectocides

Animal stocking density, housing, ventilation, humidity, and temperature are examples of which component of the epidemiological triad?

Environmental

Label each of the layers or structures within the cuticle

Epicuticle Exocuticle -------------Procuticle Endocuticle Epidermis Basement Membrane

T/F Carbamate insecticides are derived from phosphoric acid.

False

T/F Fertilization of insect eggs always takes place eternally.

False

T/F Ganglia are swollen gut cells that aide in digestion.

False

T/F IPM is the use of biological control methods only to reduce pest populations below an economic threshold.

False

T/F Pyrethrums are derived from tobacco leaves.

False

T/F a fly with a sponging type mouthpart is usually associated with direct type damage in cattle.

False

T/F both male and female tabanids feed on beef animals in pastures

False

T/F fowl typhoid, caused by a group of species of trypanosoma, can be spread mechanically by litter beetles and flies.

False

T/F insects always have two pairs of wings.

False

A __ is an inanimate object such as tires, hair-brushes, unsterile needles which can transmit an infectious agent from one host to another.

Fomite

Which of the following best describes the congressional act that limits pesticides in food including food animals such dairy and beef?

Food quality protection act

Label the parts of the digestive system.

Foregut-midgut-hindgut Malpighien Tubules

Insects that exploit underground habitats are said to be:

Fossorial

Epidemiology is a scientific dicipline that involves the study of the __ and ____ of health and ___ in order to find ___ in populations for prevention and control.

Frey; distribution; disease; risk factors

Which of the following is not a type of structural neuron: ganglia, motor, interneuron, sensory.

Ganglia

Which of the following ticks causes Gotch ear in pastured cattle? Lone star, American dog, spinosad ear, gulf coast tick.

Gulf coast tick.

Which mouthparts is illustrated below: (Question 30, test 1. Looks like a flea and a mosquito?)

Haustellate (sucking or suctorial)

Paurometabolous insects:

Have nymphal stages that resemble the adult in most characteristics, but do not reproduce.

____is known as blood feeding insects.

Hematophagy

Holometabolous or paurometabolous: Coleoptera

Holometabolous

Holometabolous or paurometabolous: Dipeteria

Holometabolous

Holometabolous or paurometabolous: Hymenoptera

Holometabolous

Holometabolous or paurometabolous: Siphonaptera

Holometabolous

Vector: ? Pathogen: Mycoplasma agalactiae Disease: Goat and sheep mastitis

Horn flies

Which fly species is a known mechanical vector of anaplasmosis in cattle?

Horse fly

Aspects such as age, sex, genetics, nutrition, marketing, and susceptibility are factors which affect which component of the epidemiological triad?

Hosts

Which fly pest is more common in feedlots?

House flies

Which of the following is not an example of a pest in which direct enumeration is utilized for? Cattle grubs, Lice, cattle fever tick, and house flies.

House flies

Which of the following is not part of a horn fly insecticide resistance management plan?

If an ear tag fails then retag with another insecticide class

Myiasis refers to:

Infestation of host tissues by fly maggots.

6 main level of taxonomy in the correct order:

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Which is not a mechanism of insecticide resistance?

Knockdown

Vector: Simulilidae, ceratopogonidae Pathogen: ? Disease: "Bird Malaria"

Leucotyozoon

Which of the following is not a method to reduce the impact of blister beetles on horses? Try to obtain hay that is harvested in late fall, inspect your hay at each feeding, find hay that has been allowed to dry in a wind-row at least 3 days, and listen to your hay or feed dealer.

Listen to your hay or feed dealer

The major insect involved in the transmission of salmonella to poultry is the:

Litter beetle

_____ is the science dealing with insects and related Arthropods that parasitize or otherwise affect domestic animals, especially livestock raised in food production systems.

Livestock entomology

Which of the following is not a characterization of a grazing type system? Areas are large and manure is dispersed throughout the area, environment is unpredictable, low number of animals per unit area, management is intensive.

Management is intensive

Which mouthpart type is illustrated below: (question 31, test 1. Has mandibles?)

Mandibulate (chewing)

Which of the following diseases in the poultry industry does not have a zoonotic potential (to be transmitted to humans)? West Nile virus, marek's disease, salmonellosis, streptococcus

Marek's disease

Which of the following is not a type of vertical transmission? Transstadial, mechanical, venereal, transgenerational

Mechanical

Which of the following is an example antibiotic insecticide? Resmethrin, carbamic acid, aliphatic derivatives, and milbemycins.

Milbemycins

What is the primary basis by which we choose compounds for an insecticide rotation?

Modes of action

Apolysis + Ecydysis:

Molting

The term that describes having one mate is ____, and multiple mates is ___.

Monogamy; polygamy

Vector: ? Pathogen: West Nile Virus Disease: WNv

Mosquito

Vector: ? Pathogen: Alphavirus Disease: Highlands J

Mosquitos

Vector: tse-tse fly Pathogen: trypanosoma Brucei Disease: ?

Nagana

What of the following diseases is transmitted by the tsetse fly? Ehrichiosis, pink eye, nagana, Rift Valley fever.

Nagana

Acting agnostically on nicotintic acetylcholine receptor (nAChE)

Neonicotinoids

___ (new winged) the ability to fold wings over the body.

Neoptera

A cost-benefit analysis of arthropod damage requires which of the following: losses associated with decrease market values, feed prices, pest density/yield relationships, net gains associated with the introduction of new genetics into the herd.

Net gains associated with the introduction of new genetics into the herd.

Which of the following is not a classification category for insecticides: chitin synthesis inhibitors, organics, inorganics, none of the above.

None of the above.

____ insect reproduction is where an egg(s) is produced, fertilized, then oviposited outside the female.

Oviparity

Holometabolous or paurometabolous: Hemiptera

Paurometabolous

Holometabolous or paurometabolous: blattaria

Paurometabolous

Holometabolous or paurometabolous: phthirapteria

Paurometabolous

A ___ is a group of interbreeding organisms of the same species found in the same time and place.

Population

Which of the following structures on the face fly makes the cow's eye water more?

Prestomal teeth

The adaptive value of a calcified pupae that a face fly has is to____

Prevents parasitization

Which group of insecticides is derived from the flowers in the genus Chrysanthemum?

Pyrethrums

Which of the following is not a problem with the use of insecticides: residues, insecticide resistance, quick knockdown of the pest, biological magnification

Quick knockdown of the pests

A ____ host is one that supports the development of a parasite, is infectious for a period of time, is a source of vector infection, but does not develop acute disease.

Reservoir

Botanical insecticide

Rotenoids

Which of the following is NOT a wing type: elytron, halteres, hemelytron, saltatorial.

Saltatorial

___ refers to taking a representative part of the total and basing an estimate on the sample.

Sampling

The best method of stable fly control for pastures cattle is:

Sanitation

What is the foundation of a successful biological control program for flies in a feedlot or dairy?

Sanitation

Which of the following is not a biting lice species that infest sheep or goats? B. limbata, sheep foot louse, goat biting louse, angora goat louse

Sheep foot louse

What are the two best methods of managing ticks for bos Taurus breeds in a pasture based system:

Short term pasture rotation (<2 months) and systemic acaricide application

Fleas:

Siphonaptera

Which term best describes capillary/vessel feeding:

Solenophagy

The specialized structure within the female reproduction system that produces enzymes (to digest the spermatophore protein coat) & nutrients to sustain sperm in storage is known as:

Spermathecal gland

Which of the following is not a group of IGRs? Ecydysone agonists, chitin synthesis inhibitors, spinosad, juvenile hormone.

Spinosad

Which is the following tick species infest cattle deep in the ear and crawl up feed troughs to contact a host animal?

Spinose tick

Where do horse bot flies spend most of their lives?

Stomach and digestive tracts.

Insect communication in various forms including sound production. One example of this is:

Stridulation

Alters the gating kinetics of sodium channels

Synthetic Pyrethroids

Antibiotic Insecticide

Synthetic Pyrethroids

Vector: ? Pathogen: bacillus anthracis Disease: ?

Tabanidae; anthrax

Parthenogenetic production of females is:

Thelytoky

How do ants determine distance?

They count steps.

All insects have:

Three pairs of legs (or modified legs) as adults

Vector: ? Pathogen: Babesia cabali or Theileria equi Disease: Equine piroplasmosis

Ticks

Vector: ? Pathogen: anaplasma spp. Disease: ?

Ticks and tabanids Anaplasmosis

Vector: ? Pathogen: Coxiella burnetti Disease:

Ticks;Q Fever

Which type of vertical transmission involves the passage of the pathogen through sequential life stages of vector development?

Transstadial

____ is the sequential passage of parasites acquired during one lie stage through the molt to the next stage.

Transtadial transmission

Which of the following is an example of an off-host sampling method: total enumeration of parasites on the host, traps, taking a representative sample in specific locations on the animal's body, take skin scrapings and analyzing back at the lab.

Traps

Chickens eat anything moving in front of them. This makes them particularly susceptible to pathogen infection via which type of transmission?

Tropic transmission

Transmission of a pathogen during predation is called:

Tropic transmission

T/F A problem with insecticides are residues they leave on products.

True

T/F Histogenesis is the formation of adult structures from larval tissues or precursors.

True

T/F IPM is a system of pest management decisions based on ecological, economic and sociological values

True

T/F Insects can exhibit various forms of parental care.

True

T/F Neurotransmitters are chemical compounds that aide in the transmission of impulses from the axon to the dendrite.

True

T/F Organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase

True

T/F Tracheoles are fine tips of tracheal branches can be less than 1 micron (1/1000 millimeter) in diameter, permeate tissues, diffusion occurs here

True

T/F gadding is a behavior exhibited by cattle when being attacked by the heel fly or common cattle grub

True

T/F insecticide resistance is inheritable.

True

T/F microbial insecticides are derived from the streptomyces avermitilis

True

T/F the high density of host cattle in feedlots and dairy means that the mechanical transmission of disease is more likely.

True

T/F the main goal of an IPM program is prevention of pest outbreaks

True

T/F the northern fowl mite is the most important external parasite of poultry

True

Which of the following is not a factor that influences the rate of insecticide resistance? Rate of selection, Refugia, type of insecticide, persistence of residues.

Type of insecticides

The __ of an arthropod is its ability to successfully acquire a pathogen and then transmit is under ideal (often laboratory ) conditions.

Vector competence

Within the midgut what is the main site of digestion and absorption?

Ventriculus

An example of a short range cue:

Visual contrast

____ insect reproduction is where eggs begin to develop, but lack enough yolk for complete development and often lack a chorion- embryos retained inside mother, receive nourishment after development has begun.

Viviparity

Beneficial organisms that are most commonly used to control equine pests are:

parasitic wasps