env: chapter 6 quiz

a. Pre-industrial stage b. Transitional stage c. Industrial stage d. Populations stabilize when birth rates and death rates are similarly low

a. Populations grow slowly (or not at all) despite high birth rates because death rates are similarly high.b. The large gap in birth and death rates leads to big increases in population.c. Population growth slows as birth rates drop and approach death rates.d. Populations stabilize when birth rates and death rates are similarly low.

Drag the labels to the appropriate targets. Group 2 (pink) labels indicate what each age class represents. Group 1 (blue) labels indicate how the population is expected to change over time.

a. post-reproductive age b. reproductive age c. pre-reproductive age d. population decreasing e. population increasing rapidly f. stable population

As a result of China's one child policy, its age structure in the next 40 to 50 years will look like _______.

an inverted pyramid Because the number of individuals in China's population of pre-reproductive and reproductive age has declined since the one child policy, the population is shifting through the years toward a greater percentage of elderly individuals, referred to as a "graying" population. This represents an inverted pyramid structure where the base is narrowed due to fewer young individuals.

Studies have shown that family planning programs _______.

have been very effective at lowering TFR and population growth rates Family planning programs are credited with Bangladesh's rapid reduction in TFR. Similarly, Thailand has lowered its growth rate from 2.3% to 0.6% through family planning efforts. Comparisons between similar countries show that those with family planning programs have lower TFRs than those that do not have access to family planning programs.

According to the demographic transition model of populations, over time _______.

rapid population growth is a short-term phenomenon between the drop in death rate and the drop in birth rate in a population Rapid growth only happens during the transition from an agrarian to an industrial economy. Once the population has settled into the industrial society, birth rates drop and numbers stabilize.

For the foreseeable future, which types of countries will see the greatest increases in population number?

the countries that are poorest and least able to support population growth Developing countries, which are already stressed, have the highest fertility rates and will see the greatest percentage of population growth worldwide.

Our total impact on the environment is measured by a variation of Ehrlich and Holdren's 1974 formula that specifies our impact on the environment is based on _______.

the interaction among our population, affluence, and technology Our I, or impact on the environment, results from the interactions among P, population, A, affluence, and T, technology.

Given a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1, which statement is a correct description of this value?

A TFR of 2.1 means that the average male and female in the population will be replaced by two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring. A TFR of 2.1 means zero population growth (ZPG), the point at which a population is neither increasing nor decreasing. In order to reach this stable state, each parent is replaced with one child. The additional 0.1 is to compensate for a child dying before reaching reproductive age.

How has the one child policy in China affected the sex ratio in that country?

It is skewed toward more males causing a slowing in population growth. The one child policy has led to an increase in female infanticide resulting is a male-dominated sex ratio. Since males outnumber females almost 138 to 100 in some regions, population growth is slowed by lowering overall TFR.

Which of the following statements is best supported with data?

Over half the world's people live below the internationally defined poverty line of U.S. $2 per day. It has been shown that a strong correlation exists between countries with low per-capita income and high population growth rates. There is a very strong relationship between the level of poverty and the growth rate. Because of this, many efforts to slow population growth focus on improving income opportunities and the overall quality of life. Be sure to check Figure 6.16 to review the plot of per-capita income vs. population growth rates for several regions.

Poorer societies tend to show higher population growth rates than do wealthier societies.

Poorer societies tend to show higher population growth rates than do wealthier societies. Review figure 6.13 which shows that increasing female literacy can reduce birth rates. Additionally, figure 6.16, demonstrates that an increase in per-capita income is correlated with a decrease in population growth rate. Therefore, providing women with education and job opportunities reduces fertility rates.