ENV Science Final
Complete the illustration by dragging the methods of waste disposal to the correct percentage they make up in the U.S.
54%: Landfilled 26%: Recycled 12%: Incinerated 8%: Composted
Together, forests and grasslands compose what percentage of terrestrial biomes?
60%
The majority of hazardous wastes are generated from only a few sources. Drag the different producers to the correct percentage of U.S. hazardous waste that they produce.
71%: chemical and petroleum industries 22%: metal processing and mining 7%: all other industries
Place the biome label in the correct range for its annual precipitation and average temperature.
First row (far left) top to bottom: Tropical rainforest/Tropical seasonal forest/tropical scrub and woodland/desert 2nd row: temperate rainforest/temperate forest/savanna 3rd row: Boreal forest/grassland Last: Tundra
Which of the following is not an issue from "mass wasting."
Flooding
Match the greenhouse gas to the sources that generate it.
Forest Fire: Carbon Dioxide Cow: Methane Car exhaust: Nitrus Oxide
Drag the property to the type of agriculture that it best describes.
Green Revolution: High Input Fertilizer Needs Increased Irrigation Produces Higher Yields Sustainable Agriculture: Little to no pesticide use Likely to use cover crops Less likely to use GMO's
Using this diagram of a simple system, demonstrate how carbon is conserved and not destroyed between states by dragging the flows (processes) to the correct boxes.
Left: Photosynthesis Middle: consumption Right: cellular respiration
Drag the different components to complete this table of water pollutants that can disrupt ecosystem function.
Row 1 Across: Plant Nutrients/Nitrates, Phosphates, Ammonium/Fertilizers, Sewage, Manure Row 2 Across: Sediment/Soil, Silt/Land Erosion Row 3 Across: Thermal changes/heat/power plants, industrial cooling
Which of the following is a process that directly explains earthquakes
Subduction of an oceanic plate
Match the following air pollutants to their effect on human health:
Sulfur dioxide: Major component of acid rain Nitrogen oxides: Increase eutrophication of surface water Particulate material: Damages lung tissues and causes cancer Carbon monoxide: Inhibits respiration in animals
Below are five environmental problems for which humans have the capability to lessen the impact, or solve completely. Match each environmental problem with the indication that conditions are improving.
The average number of children born per woman has decreased over the last 25 years: Limited Food Availability A general decrease in disease and increase in life expectancy over the past century: Limited access to clean water Increased interest in conservation of land and marine resources: Biodiversity loss Research on renewable energy: Diminishing supplies of fossil fuels Reduction in pollution and wasteful resource use over the past century: Reduced air quality
Which of the following statements of the greenhouse effect are true (choose all that apply)?
The greenhouse effect allows life to exist on the earth Correct Water vapor is a major contributor to the greenhouse effect Correct Increases in heat are caused by infrared radiation emitted from the earth
Which of the following statements about the troposphere are true (choose all that apply)?
The troposphere is where the majority of weather occurs We find the majority of air pollutants in the troposphere
Match the following definitions of population growth to the terms they best describe:
number of children born in a year per thousand persons: Crude birth rate total number of children born to the average woman: Total fertility rate births plus immigration equals deaths plus emigration: Zero population growth (ZPG)
Biogeochemical cycling is defined as:
the movement of matter within or between ecosystems
Drag the causes of famine to rank them in order from most to least causative.
1. Armed conflict 2. natural disaster 3. carrying capacity of carrying
Place the following developments of a society in the order they would occur moving from pre-industrial to post-industrial in a demographic transition.
1. Better nutrition and healthcare 2. Death rates decrease 3. The country's population grows 4. Reasons for having children are minimized 5. Birth rates decrease 6. The country's population stabilizes
Identify and drag the stage of water treatment that is shared between an activated sludge treatment facility and a constructed wetlands facility.
1. Solids removed 2. Organics removed 3. Nutrients removed
Place the following statements about the development of the United States National Park System in order of occurrence, following the establishment of the U.S. Parks Service in 1916.
1. U.S. policy emphasizes the use of environmental resources for human endeavors. 2. An extensive network of roads is built within many parks, which allows visitors to view natural phenomena from their cars. 3. An emphasis on human entertainment leads to a loss of natural balance within the parks, causing changes within the ecosystems. These changes lead to overgrazing, pollution, and unnatural behavior in the wild animals that live in the parks. 4. U.S. policy stresses nature protection and environmental education over the entertainment of visitors.
Which of the following is the accepted level of risk for most environmental hazards, as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency
1/1,000,000
Rank the following 'Rs' for waste management from 1(more beneficial) - 3(less beneficial).
1: Reduce 2: Reuse 3: Recycle
According to the rule of 70, which growth rate would have the human population doubling in 35 years?
2%
Match the use of water to the percentage of our daily use it makes up.
26.7%: Toilets 21.6%: Laundry 16.7%: Showers 15.7%: Faucets 13.7%: Leaks 1.7%: Baths 1.4%: Dishwashers
Landscape ecology looks at how patches are distributed across a matrix or background environment. Match the patch quality description to the visual that best represents it.
3 shapes no squares: the relationship between patch size and shape influence core/edge ratio 3 shapes w/ squares: the number of habitat patches and spacing affect connectivity 2 squares different colors: background environment can affect movements between patches 2 squares different objects: complexity of landscape mosaic may affect species present
Drag the boxes to complete the illustration explaining the distribution of energy sources used worldwide.
35%: Oil 24%: Gas 5%: Nuclear 1: Wind, etc
Identify and drag the materials to the percentage they comprise of the Municipal Solid Waste in the U.S.
42%: paper and paperboard 12%: plastics 6%: glass
Match the activity to its approximate contribution to global climate change.
49%: Burning Fossil Fuels 24%: Industrial processess 13%: Agriculture
Match the country description to the variable of the environmental impact model (I=PAT) it is best represented by.
A: Country B has a high standard of living with each person using a large number of resources (i.e. energy, food, fuel, etc.) P: Country A has a large population T: Country C produces the majority of its income from industry, which uses large amounts of energy and produces large amounts of waste
Which of the following characteristics typically leads to DECREASES in total fertility rates; mark all that apply
Access to contraception High costs of education Increased age to get married Increased opportunities for education and work for women
Match each toxin type below with its effect on the human body
Allergens: Overstimulate the Nerve System Neurotoxins: Attack Nerve Cells Mutagens: Damage or otherwise alter DNA sequence Teratogens: Cause defects during growth and development Carcinogens: Cause unchecked cell growth
Drag the toxin to the part of the home where you are most likely to be exposed to it.
Attic: Asbestos Living Room: Freons Bathroom: Chloroform Kitchen: Nitrogen Oxides Basement: Radon
Identify the different components of nuclear fission by dragging them to the appropriate label in the illustration
Blue ball: Neutron Purple balls: Uranium Blue balls: Tin Arrows: Heat
Organisms can be distributed across a habitat in different patterns that can be driven by their interaction with the environment and other organisms. Label the distribution patterns and match a biological cause that can create that pattern.
Blue dots: Random Wind dispersal Purple dots: Clustered Protected areas Yellow dots: Uniform Aggression between individual
Drag the representation that best shows the current or future trend of the following environmental issues. In addition, drag a description for how each issue is changing to the issue it best describes.
Climate Change: Sun diagram Increased Commitment from governments to reduce carbon emissions and increase reliance on renewable energy Overpopulation: People graph Sociological changes such as increased educational opportunities for women have helped decrease fertility rates Biodiversity loss: Tress graph Increases in numbers of preserves and parks decreases rates of deforestation
Connect the method of increasing water supplies to the cost that best matches it.
Difficulties in changing lifestyles: Efficiency/conservation Requires a great deal of energy.: Desalination Requires relocation of people and blocks movement of nutrients/animals: Damming Can create additional areas with dry conditions: Water diversion
Match the threat to biodiversity to the proposed solution that you can bring about.
Do not release fish or vegetation from fish tanks into the wild: Invasive species Buy fish from stable populations such as farm-raised catfish and avoid slow growing top predators such as bluefin and albacore tuna: Over harvesting Buy shade-grown coffee, which is grown with other vegetation that provide habitats for different species of animals: Fragmentation
Immediately after an ecosystem has been exposed to the pesticide DDT all the organisms will have a similar amount of pesticide; however, over time the concentrations will change. Model the biomagnifications of DDT in an ecosystem by dragging the concentration of pesticide to the organism that you would likely find it in after a few months have elapsed.
Eagle: 25 ppm Big fish: 2 ppm Small fish: 0.5 ppm Insects: 0.04 ppm
Whether something is toxic- or to what degree something is toxic- relies on factors of the toxic agent, exposure, and the organism that has been exposed. Drag the factors of toxicity to the component (toxic agent, exposure, or organism) they best relate to.
Factors related to the Toxic agent: Chemical Composition Presence of impurities Solubility Factors related to exposure: Dose Time of day, season or year Factors related to the organism: Resistance to uptake Nutritional status Age, sex, body weight
Dumping in the ocean is not a problem because of the large size of the ocean compared to the amount of trash.
False
Earthquakes form when continents crack and pull apart forming new crust.
False
Within a community, species interactions have no effect on species survival.
False
Match the description to the country that it best represents.
Has the most sustainable ecological footprint: Netherlands Needs the most land per person to support their lifestyle: Arab Emirates Fishing grounds is the largest component of their ecological footprint: Norway Grazing grounds is the largest component of their ecological footprint: Uruguay
Identify and drag the predicted top 5 causes for global disease burden into the box.
Heart disease/depression/traffic accidents/stroke/Chronic lung disease
For each factor given on the left, state whether there has been an increase or a decrease as a direct result of the green revolution.
Herbicide use: Increase Pesticide resistance in pests: Increase Seed prices: Increase Water use/irrigation: Increase
Which of the following population characteristics is generally associated with developing countries?
High child mortality
Which of the following would be considered an example of water pollution (choose all that apply)?
High levels of bacteria that would make people sick Oil that leaks into ground water that prevents drinking the water Soil that erodes from a hillside into a local stream reducing the ability of aquatic plants to photosynthesize Increase in water temperature from a factory dumping clean but warm water back in that reduces some of the species from occurring there.
Match the appropriate ecological consequence to the property of water that allows it to occur.
High specific heat: Aquatic habitats do not vary much in temperature Cohesion: Water moves up trees due to capillary action Solid form is less dense than liquid: Insulates aquatic habitats High heat of vaporization: Evaporative cooling
According to the definition of biofuels which of the following would not be considered a biofuel?
Horse-drawn carriages
There are many different considerations to weigh when choosing a form of disposal. Drag the description to the disposal type that it best describes.
Incineration: Contributes to acid rain releases dioxin can produce electricity Landfill: produces leachates source of biofuel generates methane
Which of the following is the best indicator of recent climate change?
Increases in carbon dioxide
Which of the following characteristics typically leads to INCREASES in total fertility rates; mark all that apply.
Infant mortality rates are high Country lacks social security Rural communities
Select all of the following that are NOT a major benefit of biodiversity?
It helps prevent flooding It helps to filter contaminants out of the water
Human population levels from the time of the Agricultural Revolution to the present depict a ______- shaped curve.
J
Match the type of waste management to potential hazards it may cause.
Leaches toxic materials into local water ways: Open dump Largest source of the greenhouse gas methane in the U.S.: Landfill Chokes wildlife and create patches of plastic 1,000's of km wide.: Ocean dumping Generates waste that has to be put into landfill: Incineration
Landfills are the leading method for disposing of waste in the U.S. Drag the labels to the correct secure landfill structure.
Left side top to bottom: Leachage removal pipes topsoil cover clay cap plastic liner Middle: monitoring underdrains Right side top to bottom: methane removal recompacted clay bedrock
Drag the descriptions to the most appropriate location in the diagram to describe the development of antibiotic resistance.
Left to right: a mutation in genetic code occurs antibiotics kill bacteria without a mutation only bacteria with mutation survive reproduction of bacteria with mutation all bacteria present are resistant to anti bacteria
Match each dietary issue on the left with its associated health risks.
Low resistance to disease and infection; potentially permanent mental and/or physical disabilities: Protein Deficiency Blindness, goiter, neurological defects: vitamin/mineral deficiency Diabetes, heart attack, osteoarthritis: obesity
Match the nutritional problem to the picture that best represents it.
Lump in Neck: Iodine Deficiency Fat guy: Over nutrition Skinny kid: Protein deficiency
Drag the pictures to the phase of production of geological goods that it best depicts.
Mining: sitting in desert Processing: smelting down Use: classroom Disposal: dumpsters
Drag the conditions that would affect a population so that it either grew exponentially ("J" shaped curve), or logistically ("S" shaped curve). The conditions are with respect to the organism graphed (moose and wolves).
Moose: increase in food availability increase in conservation Wolves: increase in competition increase in disease transmission increase in human development increase in density of organisms
Match the habitat description to the oceanic zone it most accurately describes:
Near the surface, this zone receives high levels of light and therefore is home to many photosynthetic organisms: Epipelagic Zone This zone occurs over the continental shelf, which is shallow enough for high levels of light. You can find many coral reefs in this zone: Littoral Zone The daily fluctuations in water level for this zone require many of the organisms to be able to tolerate terrestrial conditions: Intertidal Zone This is the lowest level in oceanic stratification. Organisms found here have to be adapted to low temperatures, high pressure, and low light: Hadal Zone
Drag the butterfly populations to the habitat in which you would most likely find them.
One Butterfly: Desert Three Butterflies: Cactus Five Butterflies: Flowers
Place the arrows in the correct system to create either a positive or negative feedback loop for beetle population growth.
Positive Feedback: Inhibits bird population Negative Feedback: Provides habitat for birds
Identify and drag the action that reduces global climate change to the bin that describes how it works.
Prevents carbon from entering the atmosphere: generate electricity from nuclear sources use florescent bulbs instead of incandescent Removes carbon from the atmosphere: plant a tree grow cover-crops on fields
Place the types of conditions or incidences that would lead to primary or secondary succession.
Primary: lave flows bare rock sandbar Secondary: fire tornado
Your Aunt Sally knows that you're taking an environmental science course and says she has a question for you, "What does it mean when environmentalists say we need to reduce consumption of disposable goods, since there really is no 'away' to throw things?" To help her understand the science behind the issue, you explain the:
Principle of conservation of matter
Complete the illustration by dragging the boxes that best explain the benefit of each of the building modifications.
Shade Tree: reduces heat in the summer Photovoltaic roofing: produces electricity Roof overhang: prevents sun in summers allows it in winter Heat exchange: prevents moisture build up advanced framing: prevents conductive heat loss geothermal: heats and cool efficiently weather stripping: prevents air leaks
Which of the following is not typically a factor that adds to people's confusion when assessing risk?
Tendency to accept new technologies and/or activities
Which of the following does NOT contribute to the fact that tertiary consumers are rare in ecosystems compared to members of lower trophic levels?
Tertiary consumers always have greater body mass than primary and secondary consumers in a given system
Which of the following statements about oil resources and use are true (mark all that apply)?
The U.S. uses oil more than any other energy source. The U.S.'s domestic oil reserves would last only a few years if we did not import from other countries.
Which of the following statements accurately convey the message of the two graphs below (select all that apply)?
The dramatic decline in percentage of malnourished people has occurred because the number of malnourished has dramatically decreased. The number of malnourished people in South Asia has stayed relatively the same even though the percentage of malnourished people in South Asia is decreasing.
Drag the room to the box that best describes the types of toxins you might find in it in the typical home.
This room has materials such as antifreeze, gasoline, paints, pesticides, and batteries.: Garage This room has materials such as asbestos, insulation, and PBDE-treated cellulose.: Attic This room has materials such as cleansers, detergents, and carbon monoxide.: Kitchen This room has materials such as chloroform, cleansers, and leftover drugs and medication.: Bathroom This room has materials such as molds, paints, radon, epoxy glues, and flammable solvents.: basements This room has materials such as aerosols, lead, cadmium, insecticides and mothballs.: bedrooms This room has materials such as Freons, benzepyrenes, leads and paints.: Living room
Drag the boxes to complete the illustration explaining how nuclear fuel is used to generate electricity.
Top left to right: containment structure steam turbine Right side: generator condensor Bottom: water Left side: nuclear fuel
Drag the boxes with rock type and boxes with examples to complete the illustration explaining the rock cycle.
Top left: Sedimentary Bottom left: Igneous Right: metamorphic
Label the stages of the Demographic Transitions Model and the major trend lines that define the different stages of development.
Top row left to right: premodern/Industrializing/Mature/Post-Industrial Right side: Total population Middle top to bottom: Crude birth rate Crude death rate
Place the steps of the scientific method in the order that they occur.
Top to bottom: Form testable hypothesis collect data to test hypothesis interpret results report for peer review publish findings left: consult prior knowledge right: if hypothesis is rejected
Parts of the U.S. currently face "water crisis".
True
Replacing incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs is a good strategy for minimizing climate change because it reduces the carbon emitted to the atmosphere.
True
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)is responsible for providing immediate response to emergency situations that pose imminent hazards, and to clean up or remediate abandoned or inactive sites.
True
The quality of the air in the world has been getting better?
True
Which of the following are accurate descriptions of the properties of water? (select all that apply)
Water molecules are polar, and thus dissolve other polar or ionic substances. The slow response of water to temperature change helps moderate global temperatures. Water's high heat of vaporization makes evaporation an effective way for many organisms to shed excess heat.
Select all of following statements that are true about wetlands?
Wetlands can act as a buffer for flooding Wetlands only account for 5% of the surface of the earth. 1/3 of all endangered species use wetlands to mate or raise their young
Recycling removes roughly 24% from the waste stream, but not all materials are equally recycled. Drag the material to its generated/recycled profile.
Yellow chart: Yard waste Blue chart: plastics Purple chart: paper and paperboard
Match the societal sector to its water withdrawal/consumption pattern
Yellow w big pipes: agriculture Green: domestic Yellow w no pipes: industrial
Mark each of the following statements about population growth as either true or false:
a) Many resources such as water and food are limited on our planet. True b) A population cannot grow indefinitely. True c) When a population overshoots its carrying capacity, it starts to gradually level off. False d) A graph of human population numbers show signs that we have passed our carrying capacity. False e) When a population damages its environment, it can lower the carrying capacity of its population. True f) Exceeding carrying capacity leads to dieback of the population. True g) Resources that are needed by humans are also needed by other organisms (e.g. space, clean water, timber, etc.). True
When you use a plant to remove heavy metals from the soil, it is called ______.
bioremediation
How do consumers harness the sun's power and use it as an energy source?
by eating producers at the bottom of the food chain
Primeval forests are protectorates of much of the world's biodiversity (both threatened and endangered species) as well as indigenous human cultures. This value would be most correctly described as ______.
ecological
The total set of environmental factors that determine a species distribution within a specific habitat is referred to as its ______ ______.
ecological niche
The fact that many indigenous cultures use grasslands as grazing areas for livestock demonstrates the value of this biome on what level?
economic
If chemical bonds did not exist, or were so strong that they never broke apart, there would be no movement of ______, which is required to break bonds, and is released when they are formed.
energy
For the following statement, select all choices that make the statement true. Human disturbance affects the size and stability of preserves. In comparing two square shaped tracts of land, one a 100 km2 forest preserve and the other a 10 km2 isolated island of forest that has been separated from the preserve by human development, the isolated island of habitat...
has more edge and less core habitat. supports fewer species.
A graph _________. (select all that apply)
is a visual representation of any differences or changes among groups Correct helps the reader understand statistical results Correct
Place a sustainable and unsustainable practice that addresses each of the environmental issues
left to right first row: planting "cover" crops to prevent erosion/overgrazing of herds on grasslands 2nd row: use of renewable energies/use of fossil fuels 3rd: reduce poverty and increase healthcare/raise everyone to the standard of living affluent countries
Species composition in communities often changes over time. Place the stages of primary succession in order from earliest (left) to latest (right).
left to right: exposed rocks/lichens/shrubs/jack pine/paper birch
In a wilderness area, the level of allowed human impact or intervention is
little or none
Organic and inorganic materials, water, air, and living organisms together make up ____________.
soil
The concept of refers to a balance between protection and maintenance of systems, while increasing the standard of for the average person, such that the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is not .
sustainable/development/ecological/living/compromised
Choose a term to describe a class of poisonous chemicals (including mutagens, neurotoxins, teratogens, and carcinogens) that act to kill cells or otherwise alter growth or development in detrimental ways.
toxins
