Environmental Science 2:1-10 Test Review
There is evidence the ultraviolet radiation is harmful to this type of organism in the marine ecosystem.
Phytoplankton
The group of people who most often developed severe emphysema were:
Smokers in St. Louis
The major source of radon gas is:
Soil and rock beneath a home
The layer of the atmosphere where the ozone shield is found is the:
Stratosphere
To make a model of the earth and represent the atmosphere, the best choice would be:
The peel represents the atmosphere on an apple representing the earth
When scientists compared the leaf litter on the forest floor at sites near the smelter and sites far from the smelter, The amount of litter near the smelters was more than twice that found far from the smelters. Which of the following statements best explains the difference?
The populations of bacteria and fungi near the smelters are greatly reduced
The level of radon in a home is dependent upon:
The rate of air exchange, the construction materials, the way the home is constructed. (All of the Above)
A census of the trees and tree seedlings on the Blue Mountain compared plots far from the smelters with plots near the smelters. Which description best describes the plots near the smelters?
There were fewer species of trees growing in the near plots.
HCFCs are safer than CFCs because:
They are less stable and break down before reaching the stratosphere.
The number of variables in a well designed scientific experiment is:
Three
The energy to split oxygen molecules in the earth's atmosphere is produced by:
Ultraviolet light
If there is asbestos-containing material in an area of your home where you are doing remodeling, you should:
hire a trained contractor to remove the asbestos
Smokers exposed to radon gas are more likely to die from the effects of the radon gas than nonsmokers who are exposed to radon gas. this is due to:
synergistic effects between pollutants
An important source of methane in the atmosphere is:
the decomposition of organic matter in swamps and marshes.
Cutting a forest, especially a tropical forest, affects weather patterns by reducing the amount of:
transpirations
Identify the secondary air pollutant that is formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
Ozone
In the upper atmosphere this chemical protects the earth from radiation, but in the lower atmosphere it is a pollutant.
Ozone
Produced by agriculture, industries and traffic, this type of air pollutant is classified by size.
Particulate Matter
During the last century, the earth's average temperature has increased about:
1 degree F
Buildings with asbestos-containing materials were most likely built in the:
1960s
The greatest amount of sunlight is absorbed when the light rays strike the Earth at an angle of:
90 degrees
Which of the following people would most likely be hospitalized during an air pollution disaster?
A child with asthma
The Reading Prong is the name of:
A granite rock formation
When cleaning a room where asbestos has been removed, workers should use:
A wet mop
The Reading Prong is located in:
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York
The factor that did not play a role in the disappearance of the original forest ecosystem on the Blue Mountain was:
Air Pollution
According to the EPA: All homes should be tested for radon.
All homes should be tested for radon.
A thin sheet of paper or the outer layer of human skin can stop which of the following types of radiation?
Alpha
Radon daughters are dangerous when they enter the lungs because they produce:
Alpha radiation
The climate may change due to a change in the:
Amount of solar energy reaching the earth, Jet Stream, Temperature of water in the ocean. (All of the Above)
The level of ozone present in an area depends upon which of these variables:
Amount of traffic, Amount of sunshine, and temperature. (All of the Above)
Within a period of one year, which of the following persons will receive the most cosmic radiation?
An airplane pilot
Studies have shown that there is a relationship between the level of fine particulates and:
Asthma, hospital admissions, respiratory infections. (All of the Above)
A fine chalk dust is produced when writing on a chalkboard. The dust can interfere with the operation of a computer located nearby. The process that produced this air pollutant is:
Attrition
A pesticide is sprayed on trees in an orchard. The process in which the liquid is broken into fine droplets that enter the air is:
Attrition
Which of these processes is/are responsible for Volatile Organic Compounds polluting the Air?
Attrition and Vaporization (Both A and C)
Which of these processes is/are responsible for pesticides entering the air and becoming ai pollutants?
Attrition and Vaporization (Both A and C)
If a person inhales a radioactive gas, the greatest amount of damage will occur if the type of radiation released is:
Beta particles
What group of organisms did Roger Tory Peterson consider to be the best indicator of a healthy environment?
Bird
Some kinds of animals are more affected by the changes on the Blue Mountain than other kinds of animals. Based on populatoin studies, which of the following appears to be the most affected?
Birds
Children living in communities with higher particulate levels were more likely to have:
Bronchitis
By studying cores of glacial ice, scientists have learned that the level of this gas in the atmosphere has increased nearly 100 ppm since the beginning of the industrial revolution.
Carbon Dioxide
The climate on Venus is far too hot for life as we know it. This is due to the presence of large amounts of:
Carbon Dioxide
The killer cloud of gas that hung over the valley near Lake Nyos contained deadly amounts of this gas which is not normally considered an air pollutant.
Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following compounds is seldom found in amounts that make it harmful to human health?
Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following pollutants is not regulated by the Clean Air Act?
Carbon Dioxide
Which of the following pollutants is produced only if the air supply is limited and combustion is incomplete?
Carbon Dioxide
Sulfur dioxide increases the toxic effects of:
Carbon Monoxide
The majority of this pollutant is produced by gasoline-powered motor vehicles.
Carbon Monoxide
When it combines with hemoglobin, this pollutant decreases the ability of blood to carry oxygen.
Carbon Monoxide
Asbestos fibers are:
Carcinogenic
Which statement best summarizes the status of CFC use in china?
China and other developing countries have a grace period before they must phase out uses of CFCs.
Although the production of this group of chemicals is being phased out, scientists are concerned about their effect on global warming since they remain in the atmosphere for many years.
Chlorofluorocarbons
Damage to the cilia and production of excess mucus that result in a "smoker's cough" are symptoms of:
Chronic Bronchitis
If you leave a light bulb on for ten hours, which of the following fuels from an electrical utility will have the greatest impact on global warming?
Coal
The burning of this fuel darkened the skies and buildings of London during the reign of King Edward I. Today it is the major source of air pollution in China.
Coal
The major source of pollutants that entered the air during the major air pollution disasters was the burning of:
Coal
The major process that produces most air pollution is:
Combustion
The process that produces most of the sulfur dioxide that enters the air is:
Combustion
Volatile Organic Compounds are chemicals that:
Contain Carbon, Vaporize at normal temperatures, and produce the scent of flowers. (All of the Above)
The first important use of CFCs was:
Coolants in Refrigerators
Which of the following types of radiation is a form of ionizing radiation from outer space?
Cosmic Radiation
If a section of pipe insulation that contains asbestos is damaged, it is best to:
Cover the ACM with wide duct tape
If vinyl floor tiles containing asbestos are showing wear, it is best to:
Cover the tile with new flooring
Massive volcanic eruptions, such as Mount Tambora and Mount Pinatubo:
Create aerosols that reflect solar energy and cause a temporary global cooling.
Automobiles, computers, and other products that make our life easier wouldn't work without essential parts made of metal. Which of the following processes is/are necessary to produce these metal parts?
Die casting, mining, and smelting. (All of the Above)
A person accidentally receives 3,500 millirems of radiation. This describes the:
Dose
The direction of the prevailing winds in the United States is from the west. Major mountain ranges extend from north to south. You would expect to find most deserts in North America on this side of the tallest mountain ranges.
East
Interactions between these particles allow different types of atoms to join to form compounds.
Electrons
This pollutant in vehicle exhaust interferes with the opening of some flowers.
Ethylene
Weather conditions that can create air pollution disasters are more likely to occur during the:
Fall and Winter
Temperature inversions are more likely to last longer if they occur in the:
Fall or Winter
The new carpet and drapes may give off this indoor air pollutant.
Formaldehyde
There is a health risk to people who work in buildings where the asbestos is:
Friable
Ultraviolet light has been shown to affect the development of:
Frog eggs
The process occurring on the sun that releases huge amounts of light and heat energy is:
Fusion
The process of coating iron or steel with zinc to prevent rusting is:
Galvanizing
Nuclear reactors in the United States are surrounded by buildings that must be designed to protect workers and the general public form exposure to this type of radiation:
Gamma
Which of the following types of radiation is a wave of energy rather than a particle?
Gamma
Fuels that are pure hydrocarbons contain:
Only carbon and hydrogen
Which of these pollutants destroys rubber?
Ozone
If combustion is incomplete, vaporization of the unburned fuel increases the level of this pollutant in the atmosphere.
Hydrocarbons
The energy produced on the sun is the result of a nuclear reaction between two atoms of:
Hydrogen
A rock that contains a valuable quantity of one or more useful minerals is a(an):
Ore
EAF dust:
Is produced during the recycling of metals, contains valuable amounts of zinc, is classified as a hazardous waste product. (All of the Above)
If material containing asbestos must be cut, workers should:
Keep the material wet while cutting
The time between the exposure to radiation and the appearance of damage is the:
Latent Period
Children may have decreased IQ scores if they are exposed to;
Lead
Low levels of this air pollutant in the blood interferes with normal growth and development in young children;
Lead
Osteoporosis and Kidney disease found in wildlife near the smelter were due to toxic levels of:
Lead
The EPA is concerned that high concentrations of this element found in house dust and in the soil around some Palmerton homes may be affecting the nervous system of children.
Lead
Young horses raised on feed grown in the Palmerton area became stiff-legged due to lesions caused by high levels of this element:
Lead
According to the EPA, radon gas is the second leading cause of:
Lung Cancer
Cell division increases rapidly and the cells produced do not function as normal lung cells in this respiratory disease.
Lung Cancer
People who are exposed to carcinogens often develop:
Lung Cancer
Asbestosis is a condition that affects the normal function of the:
Lungs
The study of weather is called:
Meteorology
Leaking pipelines release this greenhouse gas into the atmosphere
Methane
This hydrocarbon is a major air pollutant produced at sewage treatment plants and landfills during the decomposition of organic waste.
Methane
This chemical is necessary for complete combustion.
Oxygen
According to the EPA, the air pollutant that is the most damaging to crops and costs farmers millions of dollars by reducing yields is:
Ozone
Chlorosis occurs in the leaves of orange trees if they are exposed to more than 0.5 ppm:
Ozone
In an experiment to determine the health effects of particulates in industrial air pollution, the group of mice considered the experimental group would be:
Mice raised in an industrial area breathing unfiltered air.
Which of the following is the major source of air pollution in Los Angeles?
Motor Vehicles
The system of the body that is the most sensitive to radiation and is damaged by the lowest level of radiation is the:
Nervous System
This chemical is a naturally-occurring chemical in the stratosphere, and is responsible for the destruction of ozone molecules in the ozone shield.
Nitric Oxide
Which of the following chemicals is the brownish-red gas present in photochemical smog?
Nitrogen Dioxide
Because the temperature during combustion is extremely high, electric power plants and vehicles that burn fossil fuels produce large amounts of this pollutant.
Nitrogen Oxides
The view from "scenic overlooks" in national parks is not as breath-taking as it once was because the visibility is being reduced by the presence of:
Nitrogen Oxides, Particulates, and Sulfur Oxide (All of the Above)
The major gases in the Earth's atmosphere are:
Nitrogen and Oxygen
The amount of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is so small that it is measured in parts per billion, but it is a concern because it is far more effective in trapping heat than carbon dioxide.
Nitrous Oxide
The transfer of light and heat energy as waves through the atmosphere is:
Radiation
Radon gas is the product of the radioactive decay of this element:
Radium
Workers removing asbestos-containing materials must wear a:
Respirator
In this process, an ore is heated to separate the impurities from the metal contained in the ore.
Smelting
Which of the following signs is most likely to provide an accurate weather forecast?
Smoke rising straight from a chimney means fair weather is coming
Research shows that the high level of zinc on the Blue Mountain near the smelters is interfering with all of these processes except:
Succession of the forest ecosystem
Huge clouds of this harmful gas are emitted during volcanic eruptions.
Sulfur Dioxide
In Beijing, China, harmful levels of this major air pollutant are produced by the combustion of coal.
Sulfur Dioxide
When this pollutant enters the atmosphere there are a series of chemical reactions that produce an aerosol, which forms a haze that reduces visibility.
Sulfur dioxide
The smog that filled the cities during the air pollution disasters was deadly because the moisture in the air combined with an air pollutant to form this potent irritant.
Sulfuric Acid
What season is it in the Northern Hemisphere when the North Pole is tilted toward the sun?
Summer
Energy required for the formation of photochemical smog is provided by:
Sunlight
Which of the following conditions can make an inversion disappear?
Sunlight
The air condition that caused the pollutants to reach unhealthy levels during levels during the major air pollution disasters was:
Temperature inversion
When a radioactive atom "decays":
The atom gives off particles or waves of energy and a new kind of atom is formed. (Both A and B)
Asbestos is best described as:
heat-resistant
The smell of paint in a newly painted bedroom is due to:
Vaporization
In addition to nitrogen oxide, this type of chemical must be present for the formation of photochemical smog.
Volatile Organic Compounds
Manufacturers are changing the chemical composition of aerosol sprays to reduce the amount of this pollutant that enters the air from consumer products.
Volatile Organic Compounds
These pollutants from auto body and furniture refinishing businesses contribute to the formation of photochemical smog in a city.
Volatile Organic Compounds
Vaporization of fuels releases this type of pollutant into the atmosphere.
Volatile Organic Compounds
The major heat-trapping gas that regulates the temperature of planet earth is:
Water Vapor
The most important of the atmospheric greenhouse gases is:
Water Vapor
Which of the following greenhouse gases can have a warming effect on the planet in some situations and a cooling effect in other situations
Water Vapor
Condensation is the process in which:
Water vapor is changed into a liquid
Who of the following statements is a true statement?
Whether or not a substance is a pollutant depends upon the amount of the substance present.
The subjects in studies of the health effects of radon gas have been:
Workers in uranium mines
Diseases caused by asbestos are now being diagnosed in people who were exposed to asbestos used on ships during:
World War II
Because it is an important element needed by the human body, and the kidneys excrete it, the high levels of this element near smelters is not likely to cause health problems in people living nearby.
Zinc
When it was first produced there was no market for it. Today it is used in paints, rubber, plastic, ceramics, and even some medicines. This important product is:
Zinc Oxide
During an inversion:
a cold layer of air is trapped by a warmer layer above
A dose of radiation below 1,000 millirems is most likely to have an affect on:
a developing embryo
Asbestos is:
a natural mineral found in certain rocks
When zinc and copper are heated together,they fuse to make brass. Brass is an:
alloy
According to EPA regulations, material containing asbestos must be:
buried in an approved landfill
The sun's ultraviolet radiation:
causes cataracts
Ionizing radiation damages cells when it:
changes the position of the electrons in chemicals within the cell, changes chemicals that affect the cell's structure, interferes with important chemical reactions in the cell. (All of the Above)
The type of power plant that releases the most radiation during normal operation is:
coal-burning
Compared to people who do not lie near water, people living on the shore of a large lake will experience:
cooler temperatures in both summer and winter
Satellites provide weather forecasters with all of the following advantages except:
detailed data from low altitudes
Danger is created when materials containing asbestos:
deteriorate releasing tiny fibers
Asbestos fibers are best described as
durable
High levels of radon in the area known as the reading prong were discovered:
during a search for commercially valuable deposits of uranium.
The rate of warming and cooling of land is:
faster than water
A naturally radioactive element:
has an unstable nucleus
To protect students and workers, school districts are required to:
identify asbestos-containing materials and develop a plan to manage ACMs
The Earth's atmosphere:
is a mixture of gases that act as a blanket to insulate the earth.
Global Warming:
is affected by human activities mainly the release of carbon dioxide from the burning fossil fuels
Ozone is:
is constantly created and destroyed in the upper atmosphere.
As air is pushed up over the mountain it:
is cooled and some of the water vapor condenses
The northern regions of the Northern Hemisphere experience distinct summer and winter seasons because the Earth:
is tilted on its axis and rotates around the sun
Field studies of the Blue Mountain and experiments in the laboratory indicate that those populations most affected by the high levels of heavy metals are those that eat:
leaf litter
When asbestos is removed, it should be placed in:
plastic trash bags that are plainly marked with contents
More than one-half of the radiation received by a person living in the united states is from:
radon gas trapped in homes
Zinc Oxide is produced from the zinc that remains in the "dust" collected by pollution control equipment during the:
recycling of scrap steel
On a calm night, the air above a body of water will:
rise above the water and be replaced by air moving from the cooler land.
CFCs are:
split by ultraviolet light in the stratosphere releasing chlorine.
An aerial photograph taken in 1974 showed more than 1000 acres of severely damaged forest on the Blue Mountain. Experiments later showed that the critical factor causing these changes was high levels of this element in the soil.
zinc
