ENVS 1126 Midterm
chapter 5 : The ecological efficiency in a food chain is 15%. A pollutant (X) is transferred from one trophic level to the next with an efficiency of 45%. The concentration of X on trophic level 3 is 18 ppm. What is the concentration of X on trophic level 1?
2
chapter 12 Approximately what percentage of the world's croplands are used to feed domestic animals?
33%
chapter 4 : A population is growing exponentially with a doubling time of 20 years. If the size of the population now is 100, what will be the size of the population 40 years from now?
400
Which one of the following statements is true about a Hadley cell?
Air rises at the equator and sinks at 30 degrees latitude
In which two of the following countries are the greatest numbers of people living on less than $10 per day?
China and India
Which one of the following is not involved in maintaining population equilibrium?
Drought
chapter 1 : Which one of the following statements is not one of the four basic assumptions of the scientific method?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
chapter 2 : Which one of the following is not one of the three major components of a nation's capital that determines its wealth?
Financial capital
chapter 6 : Hardening of urban streams in the name of flood control is an example of which one of the letters of the acronym HIPPO?
H
chapter 3 : Consider the following statements: (I) In any energy conversion, some of the usable energy is always lost (II) Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it may be converted from one form to another, (III) Systems will go spontaneously in one direction only, toward increasing entropy. Which of these are statements of the second law of thermodynamics?
I and III
chapter 2 : The increasing difference between the gross domestic product (GDP) and the genuine progress indicator reflects the fact that much of the increase of the GDP has occurred at the expense of ______________.
Intangible capital and natural capital
chapter 10 Which of the following reasons explains why most farmers in the United States do not irrigate their crops via drip irrigation?
Irrigation water is cheap, and initial installation costs are high
Which one of the following is an example of primary succession?
Lichens appear on basalt rock 50 years after a volcanic eruption on the Big Island of Hawaii
chapter 6 : One of the items on the menu in a restaurant in Norway is medallions of whale and seal. In the United States, that would be a violation of which one of the following pieces of legislation?
Marine Mammal Protection Act
chapter 6 : Decimation of the stocks of cod fish off the east coast of Canada by Canadian fishermen is an example of which one of the letters of the acronym HIPPO?
O
chapter 4 : Which one of the following statements is true?
R-strategists have high biotic potential and poor recruitment most of the time
chapter 10 Global warming during the 21st century is expected to
Speed up the hydrologic cycle and slow the thermohaline circulation of the ocean
Commensalism is an example of
Symbiosis
chapter 10 Which one of the following contains the most liquid freshwater?
aquifers
chapter 12 Which one of the following sources of calories in the human diet requires the greatest amount of land per calorie to produce?
beef
chapter 7 : Overfishing for which one of the following fish on the Grand Banks and Georges Bank resulted in the collapse of the fisheries during the period from 1980 to 2000?
cod
chapter 7 : Most deforestation is the result of _______________ .
conversion of forests into agricultural land for growing crops and pasturing animals
chapter 7 : Which of the following kinds of property rights is associated with the Tragedy of the Commons?
open access
chapter 5 : Terrestrial biomes are groups of ecosystems characterized by similar types of
plants and climate
chapter 3: Ecologist Eckhard wants to stop the algal blooms in City Park Lake by reducing the inputs of essential nutrients to the lake from stormwater runoff. Which one of the following strategies would have the least effect on the algal blooms?
remove all the carbon dioxide from the stormwater runoff
chapter 6 : The three crops that account for about 50% of global food demands are
rice, wheat, and corn
chapter 2 : Taxol, which is used to treat lung, ovarian, and breast cancer, head and neck cancer, and advanced forms of Kaposi's sarcoma, was originally isolated from _____________________ .
the bark of the Pacific yew tree
chapter 5 : Which one of the following is not one of the three main trophic categories?
transformer
chapter 3 : Which one of the following accounts for the fact that the abundance of mangroves along the Louisiana coast has increased dramatically in the last 20 years?
warmer winters
chapter 2 : The cost/benefit ratio associated with the implementation of environmental regulations
decreases with time
The process by which water vapor passes through stomata from plants to the atmosphere is called
evapotranspiration
chapter 9 : The United States and China have virtually identical fertility rates (1.7) and median ages (38.35). How, then, would you account for the fact that the population of China is projected to decrease between now and the end of this century, whereas the population of the United States is projected to increase?
immigration into the United States
chapter 4 : Pangaea began to break up about 225 million years ago. If the Atlantic Ocean is now about 4500 kilometers wide, how fast has the width of the Atlantic Ocean been increasing during the last 225 million years
2 centimeters per year
chapter 8 : In hypothetical country A, everyone dies when they reach the age of 60. In hypothetical country B, which has a better health care system, everyone dies when they reach the age of 80. If the total population of both countries is stable, what percentage of the total population would you expect to be in the age group 32-43 years inclusive?
20% in country A and 15% in country B
chapter 1 : The figure below shows concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere from the late 1950s to the present time. In addition to the long term trend of increasing CO2 concentrations, the concentrations also oscillate up and down by several parts per million on an annual basis. At what time of the year would you expect the concentrations to be lowest?
At the end of summer
chapter 6 : The increase of the number of bald eagles in the United States after 1972 is attributed to termination of the use of ___________ .
DDT
chapter 1 : Which one of the following is not one of the vital concepts that move societies toward a sustainable future?
Security
chapter 7 : Which of the following is the environmentally preferred form of silviculture?
Shelter-wood cutting and selective cutting
chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is not true?
Since 1960, the percentage of people living in high-income countries has increased.
chapter 8 : Which one of the following statements is true?
The epidemiologic transition has preceded the fertility transition
chapter 1 : The 1854 cholera outbreak near Broad Street in London came to an end when
The handle was removed from the Broad Street pump
C 9 : Which one of the following statements is not true about the Grameen Bank?
The loans have been found to have the greatest social benefits when focused on men
chapter 9 : Cabbages and Condoms is
The name of a restaurant chain in Thailand
Chapter 11: A mycorrhiza is _______________.
a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant
chapter 12 Golden rice is a cultivar of rice that was genetically modified to address problems associated with diets that are deficient in vitamin A. Golden rice is enriched with which one of the following?
beta carotene
If the relationship between species A and B is mutualistic,
both A and B benefit from the relationship
chapter 7 : Which one of the following species of whales is currently being taken in small numbers each year by Alaskan Eskimos?
bowhead
The nutrients that support plant growth in natural terrestrial ecosystems are supplied mainly by
breakdown of detritus
Biologically available nitrogen can be added to aquatic systems
by nitrogen fixation and lost by either anammox or denitrification
chapter 2 : Temperatures are projected to rise more at high latitudes in the northern hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere by the end of this century because ________________ .
melting the ice on the Arctic Ocean will decrease the albedo of the Arctic Ocean