PSYCH FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 1

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?

-0.5

_______ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

Action Potential

The ________ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep

Alpha

Which of the following statements is not a hypothesis?

Anxiety disorders are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Which of the following senses is associated with the temporal lobe?

Audition

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger-she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

Avoidant

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.

Basic survival needs

Why is psychology considered a social science?

Behavior is biological, and our behavior is influenced by our interactions with others.

Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

Breathing

Who described the collective unconscious?

Carl Jung

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________.

Chronotypes

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

Circadian

The ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.

Circadian

A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

Cofounding Variable

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

Consciousness

The ________ group does not get the experimental treatment.

Control

________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.

Correlation

The continuous development approach views development as a ________.

Cumulative process

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

Discontinuous

Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?

Erik Erikson

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions?

Experimental

_______ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

Homeostasis

You make an observation that your toaster wont toast, the statement "maybe the outlet is broken" is which step of the scientific research process:

Hypothesis

2. In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell.

Increases

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

Independent; dependent

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

Introspection

A theta wave is a type of ________.

Low frequency, low amplitude brain wave

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________.

Only the right visual field

When children develop theory-of-mind (TOM), they can recognize that ________.

Others have false beliefs

Carissa's parents let her stay up as late as she wants. She is allowed to pick out her own clothes and decide when and what she wants to eat. Her parents act more like her friends than authority figures. What kind of parenting style is this?

Permissive

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

Range of reaction

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

Secure

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

Sensorimotor

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

Sigmund Freud

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?

Sleep

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ________.

Spinal Cord

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

Studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

You make a prediction that if you plug your toaster that isn't toasting into a different outlet, it will toast the bread. You test this prediction, by plugging your toaster into another outlet - you get toasted bread. In this situation your hypothesis was:

Supported

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

Temperature, touch, and pain

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

Terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

The operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The brain's clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the pineal nucleus.

The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."

What do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

They were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience.

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Trust vs. Mistrust

What does the normative approach ask regarding the lifespan?

What is normal development?

Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?

Whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

another person's consciousness

Psychology refers to the ________.

scientific study of the mind