EOC Review Part 3

A food chain is illustrated below. The arrows represented as most likely indicate A. Energy released from metabolism into the environment as heat B. Oxygen released from metabolism produced by cellular respiration C. The absorption of energy from the environment that has been created D. The transport of glucose away from the organism through photosynthesis

A

A food web is shown below. Which organisms compete for the mouse as a food source? A. hawk and snake B. snake and kinglet C. oak tree and pine tree D. pine borer and salamander

A

An animal population decreases from 800 individuals to 600 individuals. Which of the following could explain this change in population size? A. The population size of the animal's predator increased B. The emigration rate of the animals from the population decreased C. The # of breeding pairs in the animal's population increased D. The # of species competing with the animal for food decreased

A

New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to A. reduce the use of nonrenewable resources B. increase the rate of air pollution C. reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms D. cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests

A

The diagram below shows the cycling of nutrients in an ecosystem. The removal of which of the following groups would cause an immediate decrease in the amount of energy flowing through the system? A. Producers B. Consumers C. Decomposers D. Inorganic nutrients

A

When an environment has reached its carrying capacity for a certain population, which of the following is true? A. Growth & immigration rate = to death & emigration rate B. Growth and immigration rate > death and emigration rate C. Growth and immigration rate < death and emigration rate D. Growth rate is exponential

A

A graph of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration over time is shown below. Scientists are investigating the cause of the large increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration since about 1800. Which of the following provides the best explanation for the increase? A. eruptions of large volcanoes B. use of fossil fuels by humans C. natural fluctuations of climate D. photosynthesis by photoplankton

B

After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic blood- fluke infection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. These larvae then infected humans. This situation best illustrates that: A. the influence of humans on a natural system is always negative in the long term B. the influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts C. human alteration of an ecosystem does not need to be studied to avoid ecological disaster D. human alteration of an ecosystem will cause pollution and loss of finite resources

B

Based upon the information shown in the cladogram below. Which trait would most likely be observed in ray-finned fish? A. amniotic egg B. bony skeleton C. four limbs D. hair

B

On remote islands, immigration and emigration usually do not have a large effect on population sizes. A bird population on a remote island remains at a relatively constant size year after year. Which of the following most likely describes the birthrate and the death rate for this population? A. Birthrate and death rate are both zero B. Birthrate and death rate are close to equal C. Birthrate is significantly less than death rate D. Birthrate is significantly greater than death rate

B

Part of a desert food web is diagrammed below. Which of the following will most likely result if all of the primary consumers are removed from this ecosystem? A. Prairie rattlesnakes will become herbivores. B. Golden eagle and kit fox populations will decrease. C. Sagebrush grasshoppers will consume soil bacteria. D. Silk grass and sand sagebrush populations will decrease.

B

Some people see the benefit of wind energy as a clean alternative to fossil fuels for energy production. Others believe it is dangerous for migratory birds. These opinions best illustrate that decisions about alternate energy sources: A. will usually favor older methods of energy production over newer methods B. must be made by weighing the risks and costs against the benefits C. must be made by taking into account the present needs of the citizens without looking toward the future D. should be the responsibility of each individual

B

The diagram below represents a flower, the reproductive structure of some plants. Most flowers have both male and female structures for fertilization and reproduction. Which structure is represented by the letter A in the diagram above? A. the stamen, a male structure which produces pollen B. the pistol, a female structure which collects pollen and passes it to the ovary C. the sepal, a modified leaf used for protection of the flower D. the petals, decorative structures which attract pollinators

B

Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. They are known for their dietary adaptability. The best description of their role in the food web would be: A. An herbivore B. A carnivore C. An omnivore D. A primary producer

C

Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would: A. increase the mutation rate in plants B. cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects C. reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems D. decrease the space and resources available to other organisms

C

Mushrooms are a type of fungus. What characteristics of fungi makes them different from plants? A. Fungal cells are eukaryotic B. Fungi are multicellular C. Fungi are heterotrophs D. Fungi have cell walls

C

The common brushtail possum is a marsupial native to Australia. This possum was introduced to New Zealand where it had no natural predators and had an abundant food supply. Which of these likely occurred a few years after the introduction of this possum to New Zealand? A. The possums became extinct B. The possums developed shorter life spans C. The possum population grew to a larger size D. The possum population evolved into a different species

C

Which statement represents a characteristic of an ecosystem that is not likely to sustain life? A. The Sun provides the needed energy B. Energy is transferred from plants to animals C. There are more consumers than producers D. There are interactions between biotic and abiotic factors

C

A pond ecosystem is shown in the diagram below. Which statement describes an interaction that helps maintain the dynamic equilibrium of this ecosystem? A. The frogs make energy available to this ecosystem through the process of photosynthesis B. The algae directly provide food for both the rotifers and the catfish C. The green-backed heron provides energy for the mosquito larvae D. The catfish population helps control the populations of water boatman and waterfleas

D

A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed. Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem? A. There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels. B. There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels. C. There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have. D. There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.

D

Competition between two species occur when: A. Mod grows on a tree that has fallen in the forest B. Chipmunks and squirrels eat sunflowers seeds in a garden C. A crow feeds on the remains of a rabbit killed on the road D. A lion stalks, kills and eats an antelope

D

DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers from existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned. This information shows that: A. DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer B. it takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier C. precipitation helps break down pesticides D. the decision of one human generation may have an impact on future substances

D

In 1990, Carl Woese introduced the three domain system for classifying living things, after the advancement of DNA analysis allowed for a comparison of species genetic code. Which of the following is the best explanation for why domains were added to the previous system of classification? A. The old system of classification was wrong and needed to be corrected B. New species are evolving too quickly to keep up with the old system of classification C. Domains have always been included, they were just made official recently D. Some organisms, which were previously characterized together, were determined to be genetically very different

D

Many protists are single-celled organisms, as are bacteria. However, protists and bacteria are in different biological kingdoms. Which of the following comparisons of protists and bacteria is NOT true? A. Both protists and bacteria can be motile B. Both protists and bacteria are microorganisms C. Protists are eukaryotes, while bacteria are prokaryotes D. Protists may be photosynthetic, but bacteria cannot be photosynthetic

D

Part of a marsh food web is shown Which of the following statements correctly describes organisms in this food web? A. The birds are producers. B. The algae are consumers. C. The worms are carnivores. D. The bacteria are decomposers.

D

The water cycle would not occur if which of the following were missing? A. bacteria B. autotrophs C. carbon dioxide D. solar energy

D

Why are mushroom considered a heterotroph? A. It creates different types of food B. It makes food through photosynthesis C. It makes food through chemosynthesis D. It obtains nutrients from its environment

D