Epidemiology - Ch. 3
An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year:Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month: 12,000Roller-skating injuries in Metroville: 600Total number of residents injured from roller-skating: 1800Total number of deaths from roller-skating: 90Total number of deaths from all causes: 900The cause-specific mortality rate from roller-skating was:
90/100,000 × 100,000.
An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year:Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month: 12,000Roller-skating injuries in Metroville: 600Total number of residents injured from roller-skating: 1800Total number of deaths from roller-skating: 90Total number of deaths from all causes: 900The proportional mortality ratio (%) due to roller-skating was:
90/900 × 100.
An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year:Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month: 12,000Roller-skating injuries in Metroville: 600Total number of residents injured from roller-skating: 1800Total number of deaths from roller-skating: 90Total number of deaths from all causes: 900The crude death rate for all causes was:
900/100,000 × 100,000.
Calculation of the standardized mortality ratio is an example of the direct method of age adjustment.
False
A prerequisite for using the direct method of age adjustment is that the age-specific death rates in the study population must be stable.
True
For a chronic disease of low incidence and long duration, prevalence of the disease increases relative to incidence.
True
The crude death rate is defined as the number of deaths in a given year divided by a reference population (during the midpoint of the year) times 100,000.
True
The incidence rate of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of the disease over a time period divided by the total population (at risk) during the same time period times a multiplier (e.g. 100,000).
True
The point prevalence of a disease is defined as the number of persons ill divided by the total number in the group at a point in time.
True
When the duration of a disease becomes short and the incidence is high, the prevalence becomes similar to incidence.
True
Blood pressure measurements on adult males 30-39 years of age were obtained in a survey of a representative sample of Twin Cities households. To compare the frequency of hypertension in the white and nonwhite populations surveyed, the most appropriate measure is the:
race-specific prevalence.
The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the prevalence shows no sex difference. The most likely explanation is that:
the duration of the disease is greater in women
The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by:
the incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease in a given period of time.
Successful treatment programs that would shorten the duration of a disease primarily affect:
the prevalence of the disease.
The major disadvantage of crude rates is that:
they do not permit comparison of populations that vary in composition.
