ERTH 101 Ch. 15 & 16

Oceans cover approximately ______ of Earth's surface.

71%

In the figure below, which letter represents the active continental margin?

A

Which location on the figure below is the continental slope?

B

This image shows the different components of an ocean wave. What is the bracket in red on the far right side measuring?

Wave height

This image shows the circular motion of water molecules in a surface ocean wave. Which statement best describes the motion of the wave shown in this image?

Wave movement is left to right.

Many rocky coasts occur along active margins. This is because

active margins often experience repeated uplift, and thus the waves have not had sufficient time to erode the land surface down to sea level.

Surface currents

are influenced by the Earth's rotation.

Rogue waves

are more than twice the size of most large waves.

Estuaries

are river mouths flooded by seawater.

The shape of the seafloor is called

bathymetry

Building a dam across a river can lead to __________ because sediment becomes trapped behind the dam.

beach erosion

Gently sloping fringes of sediment along the shore are known as

beaches

Ocean water

contains dissolved salts, like halite and gypsum.

Subduction at convergent boundaries results in the formation of a

deep-sea trench.

The oceans are stratified into different water masses such as the North Atlantic Deep Water and North Atlantic bottom water. These masses are classified by their

density.

When sea level rises and floods a glacially carved valley, the area is called a(n)

fjord

Whales and turtles are categorized as

nekton

Dead zones, such as the one at the mouth of the Mississippi River, occur because

nutrients from farm runoff causes algal blooms that use up oxygen.

The process of reef bleaching occurs when

reefs lose their color and die in response to the warming of seawater.

Epicontinental seas have occurred in the past when

sea levels were higher.

The balance between sediment supplied and sediment removed on a beach is known as

sediment budget.

During a rising tide, the

shoreline moves inland.

What is formed when layers of turbidites accumulate?

submarine fans

Which type of coastline would most likely contain estuaries or fjords?

submergent

Around deep-sea hydrothermal vents, primary producers use as their energy source the chemical bonds in

sulfide minerals.

Notice the newly constructed seawall in the illustration below. The MOST likely outcome of its construction is that the seawall will

temporarily protect the cliff from beach erosion.

Barrier islands are constantly moving in the direction of

the longshore drift.

Upwelling zones

transport nutrients from the ocean depths.

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in an emergent coast?

uplift associated with active margin tectonics

Salinity is dependent on water temperature because

warmer water can hold more salt in solution.