ES 350 Exam 1

Compared to applied research, basic research

usually offers more control, such as that done in a laboratory

Which option below best describes inductive reasoning?

Inductive reasoning starts with observations, which lead to hypotheses to form general explanations and eventually lead to the development of a theory

A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of yoga for 15 minutes during an exercise class to enhance balance in the elderly compared with classes that do not include yoga. The researcher expects the yoga-enhanced classes to show higher gains in balance. This expectation is

a hypothesis

Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is

an operational definition

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. The researcher states that self-concept is represented by scores on the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. " This is an example of

an operational definition

This question pertains to the following study: "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher is proceeding on the belief that self-concept can be changed in a summer (three months). This is an example of

basic assumption

In the example in chapter 1 of the experiment that compared aerobic dance with jogging, what was the dependent variable?

bioelectrical impedance measured fat

Why is using literature from a journal with a high impact factor important?

confidence in quality is greater

You have found a short book that is perfect to explain training to the five students in your off-campus, on-line class for the city recreation department. If you copy this book and give it to your paying students for free, which of the four rules of fair use is the least of your problems (or violations)?

effect

As a student you must be concerned about ethical issues. While you are not directly affected by the same forces as faculty, especially untenured faculty, you may have to make ethical decisions. For students, which of the following is primarily under their control and a likely pitfall?

fabrication and falsification of data

Emerson is collecting data when the participant says, "I have not been following the exercise program for about a week." Emerson continues to collect data and includes the data in the study. Which type of misconduct is this?

faulty data gathering

Research misconduct includes all the following except

honest answers

Which of these purposes is the first purpose to be accomplished by the literature review?

identifying the problem

A research hypothesis

is directly testable

A research hypothesis:

is directly testable

What is the independent variable?

is the experimental, or treatment, variable; it is the cause

A thesis was submitted with the title "A study comparing the achievement of sixth-grade students in Moscow, Idaho, instructed in health education through closed-circuit television and regular classroom procedure for a period of 16 weeks." This title

is too long

What is the dependent variable?

is what is measured to assess the effects of the independent variable; it is the effect

Special language that is regularly used in a particular field but which may not be meaningful to people outside the field is called

jargon

Which of the following is a primary source of information for a literature review?

journal article

What should be done to avoid plagiarism?

learn to effectively paraphrase and then cite

Specific inclusion and exclusion requirements should be stated in the description of the participants. Studies often report the number of participants excluded and why they were excluded. Including this information

makes the study replicable demonstrates lack of bias in your exclusion of participants

The purpose of the ____ section is to describe the participants, instruments, procedures, design, and analysis.

methods

A kind of independent variable that cannot be manipulated, such as age, race, or sex, is called a ___ variable.

moderator or categorical

A ____ hypothesis primarily used in statistical tests of reliability of the results says that there are no differences among treatments.

null

Good writing takes effort and typically more than one draft. Writing a good literature review is a challenge, but it is facilitated by one of the following:

organizing the outline around concepts

The term that denotes using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own is

plagiarism

In which part of the methods section should you expect to find information about when the participants were tested?

procedures

A hypothesis can be all the following except

proved

You plan to use the TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development published by Therapro). You have the test manual and three copies. Based on fair use and copyright, what should you do?

purchase enough copies from the publisher to have one for each participant

At the end of a well-written introduction, the reader should be able to predict the

purpose of the study

Nonpublication of data means individual data points are eliminated. At the very least, a researcher should do which of the following to deal with problematic data?

report data that was excluded and why

Which of the following is not a challenge to normal science?

scientific method of problem solving

Another term that describes the unscientific method of tenacity is

superstition

In the instruments part of the methods section, the author should include a description of the

test characteristics of validity and reliability

A good beginning point in a literature search for the student with a very limited knowledge about a topic is

textbooks and literature reviews

Cohen provided two principles to guide research: less is more and simple is better. Which of these is an example of those principles?

the number of independent and dependent variables

According to the American Psychological Association, when a graduate student submits her thesis or dissertation for publication jointly with the major professor, the first author should be

the student

A study comparing positive affect (good feelings) at three levels of intensity during cycling would need to consider which of the following when selecting participants?

their fitness was sufficient to complete the highest intensity

____ is the key to controlling the outcomes from experimental and quasi-experimental research.

design

Which of the following statements about dual publication is not true? Hint: read the definition of dual publication before answering (dual publication is a general term that refers to using data or text from one project in another).

Dual publication is permissible if the two journals are in different languages (e.g., published in different countries).

The introduction of a research article has ____ information.

background and justification purpose

The significance of the study is difficult to write. Kroll (1971) suggested three factors to be considered. Which of the following is not a suggestion by Kroll to improve the significance section?

demonstration of independence from the introduction

Chris is collecting data and realizes that the BOD POD is malfunctioning. The data is recorded and life goes on for Chris. Chris should have stopped, figured out what was wrong with the BOD POD, and once the malfunction was resolved, collected the data on this participant. By not stopping, Chris committed which type of misconduct?

faulty data gathering

A journal's impact factor is influenced by

number of citations to the journal's articles

People who are used as subjects in a study are called ____ in APA style.

participants

In which part of a thesis are the findings compared to the hypotheses and previous research?

discussion

When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher

collects data on which to base decisions

Which of the following is the most important when critiquing a research paper?

it makes a significant contribution to knowledge