Essentials of Psychology Chapter 2

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Pineal Gland

Melatonin

Myelin Sheath

Protective coating of axons

Thyroid

Thyroid hormones

Hindbrain

Consists of the medulla, pons, and cerebellum; involved in vital bodily functions

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Controls automatic bodily functions and processes

Adrenals

Cortical steroids, epinephrine, norepinephrine

Ovaries in Women

Estrogen, progesterone

Types of Kinship Studies

Familial association study, twin studies, adoptee studies

Genotype versus Phenotype

Genetic cording versus observable traits

Pituitary

Growth hormone, ACTH, oxytocin

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of ANS

Have largely opposing effects on bodily processes

Forebrain

Includes the thalamus, the hypothalamus, other parts of the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex-the outer covering of the brain comprising four parts or lobes responsible for voluntary movement and higher mental functions

Terminal Buttons

Knoblike structures at the end of axons that release neurotransmitters into the synapse

Action Potentials

Neural impulses or messages generated according to "all-or-none" principle

Somatic Nervous System

Part of PNS that relays sensory information from sensory organs to the CNS and motor (movement) commands from the CNS to muscles

Hypothalamus

Releasing factors

Dendrites

Rootlike projections that recieve messages from neighboring neurons

Brain Lateralization

Specialization of function of the two cerebral hemispheres

Testes in Men

Testosterone

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The body's link to the outside world

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The brain and spinal cord

Axon

"Cable" that conducts outgoing messages or action potentials

Soma

Cell Body

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers that carry message to neighboring neurons

Methods of Studying the Brain

Imaging techniques (EEG, CT scan, PET scan, MRI) and experimental techniques (lesioning, brain recording, electrical stimulation)

Pancreas

Insulin

Midbrain

Nerve pathways connecting hindbrain and forebrain; includes the reticular formation


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