Esthetics Milady Foundations CH 5 Infection Control

At a minimum, disinfectants used in salons, spas, and barbershops must be...

-Bactericidal: capable of destroying bacteria. -Virucidal: capable of destroying viruses -Fungicidal: capable of destroying molds and fungi.

How does the 3 bacteria move?

-Both bacilli and spirilla move utilizing arm like extensions called "flagella". -Cocci travels in the air or by surfaces that it settles on.

What are the stages of Bacteria?

Active & Inactive

Fungi

Are single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts. -They can produce contagious diseases, such as ringworm.

Active Stage of Bacteria

Bacteria grows and reproduces when conditions are favorable.

What are the 5 types of pathogens?

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Parasites, & Biofilms

Diagnosis

Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests. *Federal regulations prohibit salon professionals from performing a diagnosis.

Parasitic Disease

Disease caused by parasites such as lice and mites.

Pathogenic Disease

Disease produced by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Bloodborne Pathogens

Disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.

Airborne Transmission and Respiratory Droplet

Respiratory droplet and airborne transmission are similar in that transmission occurs when a pathogen living in our respiratory tract is expelled through coughing, sneezing, or even talking. Respiratory droplets are large particles that do not stay suspended in the air for long. - Wear a mask to protect you from respiratory droplets. -Influenza transmission In airborne transmission, the particles are much smaller and dryer, so they hang in the air longer, allowing for the pathogen to spread further -coughing, sneezing, or yelling.

Rules

Rules and regulations are more specific than laws. The regulatory agency or the state board writes the rules and determines how the law must be applied. Rules establish specific standards of conduct and can be changed or updated frequently.

Trevor wants to include information about the transmission of pathogens. Which statement should he include in his discussion?

Salmonella is an example of a disease that can be transmitted indirectly.

Toxins

Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).

Inactive Stage of Bacteria

When conditions are unfavorable, cells can die or become inactive. They protect themselves by produces spores that cant be harmed by disinfectants, heat, or cold.

Hepatitis

a bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.

Trevor discusses some highly contagious and serious diseases that can be easily spread if proper infection prevention methods aren't taken. Which disease or infection is dangerous in the salon, spa, or barbershop because it can be spread both directly and indirectly?

HSV Rationale: Herpes simplex virus, known as HSV, is a highly contagious disease that can be spread both directly and indirectly. If infection prevention is not taken seriously, there are ways that it can spread in the spa, salon, or barbershop, such as skin-to-skin contact, or if an infected person shares a product such as wax with another person.

HPV

Human papilloma virus Virus that can infection the bottom of the foot and resemble small black dots. -usually clustered groups -also a cutaneous viral infection commonly contracted through sexual transmission and exhibited by genital warts.

Occupational Disease

Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients.

Trevor's manager has asked him to help give a presentation about infection control in the beauty industry during a company workshop day. Which is the best way for Trevor to begin his presentation?

It is our responsibility as beauty professionals to use proper infection control methods to keep our clients and ourselves healthy and safe.

Trevor tells his colleagues that there are five types of potentially harmful organisms. Which is not considered a type of potentially harmful organism, in the context of infection control?

MRSA Rationale: MRSA is not considered to be one of the five types of potentially harmful organisms; however, it is a serious infection that can be transmitted indirectly.

MRSA

Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus -STAPH infection -Highly resistant to antibiotics. MRSA initially appears as a skin infection, resulting in pimples, rashes, or boils that can be difficult to cure. Without proper treatment, the infection becomes systemic and can have devastating consequences, even resulting in death.

Trevor goes over some final bullet points about infection prevention in the shop. When discussing the four things to never do regarding disinfectants, which rule will he not discuss?

Never fully submerge an implement in the disinfectant solution Rationale: You should always submerge an implement in the disinfectant solution unless specified not to do so by the manufacturer.

Germs

Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms.

Pediculosis Capitis

infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.

Systemic Infection

is an infection where the pathogen has spread throughout the body rather than staying in one area or organ.

Infectious Disease

is caused by pathogenic (harmful) organisms that enter the body.

Local Infection

is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus. Such as a pimple or abscess.

Mycobacterium

is the name for a large family of bacteria that is often found in soil and water. Most commonly associated with pedicure bowls.

What are the 3 types of bacteria?

1. Cocci- round shaped appear alone or in a group. 2. Bacilli- rod shaped bacteria. 3. Spirilla- corkscrew shaped bacteria.

What are the 2 types of parasites commonly encountered in the salon, spa, and barber shop environment?

1. Head Lice 2. Scabies

What are the 3 types of Cocci

1. Staphylococci -Grows in clusters. -Causes abscesses, pustules, boils, etc. 2. Diplococci -Grows in pairs. -Causes pneumonia 3. Streptococci -Pus forming bacteria in curved lines -Causes strep throat and blood poisoning.

SDS (Federal Agency)

An SDS is a 16-category, standard-format document that replaces the previously mandated MSDS or PSDS. Safety Data Sheet

HSV

An inflammatory disease of the skin caused by viral infection and characterized by small vesicles in clusters.

What is the best way for Trevor to talk about the relationship between cleaning and disinfecting in the infection control process?

Cleaning is a mechanical process; disinfecting is a chemical process. Rationale: Cleaning is the mechanical process that uses soap and water to remove dirt and debris, whereas disinfecting is a chemical process to be used with nonporous surfaces and items and destroys bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

OSHA (Federal Agency)

OSHA standards address issues relating to the handling, mixing, storing, and disposing of products; general safety in the workplace; and your right to know about any potentially hazardous ingredients contained in the products and how to avoid these hazards. The Occupational Safe and Health Administration

Virus vs Bacteria

One difference between viruses and bacteria is that a virus can live and reproduce only by taking over other cells and becoming part of them, while bacteria can live and reproduce on their own. Another difference is that while bacterial infections can usually be treated with specific antibiotics, viral infections cannot; also, viruses are hard to kill without harming the host cells in the process.

What are the 2 classifications of bacteria?

Pathogenic and Non-Pathogenic

As Trevor begins to wrap up his presentation, he talks about the importance of disinfection to prevent the spread of pathogens. He explains that there is one type of disinfectant that is commonly used to disinfectant implements or other nonporous items by leaving them to soak for about 10 minutes and then removing from the disinfectant. Which is Trevor referring to?

Quats Rationale: Quats, or quaternary ammonia compounds, are commonly and effectively used to disinfect nonporous surfaces, and usually can do so in around 10 minutes. Quats may be used to disinfect tools and other implements, such as scissors or combs.

State Regulatory Agencies

State regulatory agencies include licensing agencies, state boards, commissions, and health departments. Regulatory agencies require that everyone working with clients in a salon, spa, or barbershop follow specific procedures.

EPA (Federal Agency)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States. Environmental Protection Agency

Contamination

The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin.

Decontamination

The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin.

Binary Fission

The reproductive process of bacteria.

Sanitizing

a chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level. Infection control professionals consider sanitation to be a layperson's term or a product marketing term (as in hand sanitizers), preferring cleaning to describe the step before disinfecting.

Disinfecting

a chemical process for use with nonporous items that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms including bacteria, viruses and fungi (except bacterial spores) on implements and environmental surfaces.

Inflammation

a condition in which the tissue of the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection. Inflammation is characterized by redness, heat, pain, and/or swelling.

Scabies

a contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.

AIDS

a disease that breaks down the body's immune system.

Contagious Disease

a disease that is capable of being spread from one person to another. also known as "communicable disease"

Pus

a fluid containing white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells, and is the by-product of the infectious process. The presence of pus is a sign of a bacterial infection.

Tinea Capitis

a fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of hair follicles.

Ringworm

a fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions, is another fungus that may contraindicate a beauty service.

Cleaning

a mechanical process using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs. Cleaning also removes invisible debris that interferes with disinfection.

Virus

a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism. A virus is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive function. Cause: common colds and other respiratory and gastrointestinal (digestive tract) infections. Some of the viruses that plague humans are measles, mumps, chickenpox, smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, hepatitis, polio, influenza, and HIV (which causes AIDS).

Tinea Barbae

also known as barber's itch. A person with tinea barbae may have deep, inflamed or noninflamed patches of skin on the face or the nape of the neck.

Mildew

another fungus, affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon, spa, or barbershop.

Disease

any abnormal condition of all or part of the body, its systems, or its organs that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal functions.

Micro-organism

any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.

Bacterial Spores

are bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when conditions become more favorable to them.

Disinfectants

are chemical products that destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.

Biofilms

are colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body. They secrete a sticky, hard-to-penetrate, protective coating that cements them together. -Dental plaque is an example of a visible human biofilm, and algae colonies on ponds and slime in drains are examples of visible environmental biofilms.

Non-Pathogenic Bacteria

are harmless organisms that may perform useful functions. They are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm.

Parasites

are organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism (referred to as a host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. -must have a host to survive. -can live in humans and animals. -Found in food, plants, trees, and water. -can be acquired through eating poorly cooked fish or meat. -External parasites that affect humans by way of the skin include ticks, lice, fleas, and mites.

Bacteria

are single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. -Multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places.

Laws

are written by both federal and state legislatures to determine the scope of practice (what each license allows the holder to do) and establish guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules. Laws are also called statutes.

Pathogenic Bacteria

bacteria are harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus - Causes AIDS. - Is spread from person to person through blood and, less often, through other body fluids, such as semen and vaginal secretions.

Indirect Transmission

occurs through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface upon which the pathogen resides. More examples: Doorknobs, phones, food-prep surfaces, implements at work. *Illnesses transmitted by this method include salmonella, ringworm, and MRSA.

Infection Control

refers to the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms from one individual to another.

Infection

the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.

Staphylococci

the most common bacteria that affect humans and are routinely found in our environment, including on our bodies, although most strains do not make us ill. Staph is responsible for food poisoning and a wide range of diseases, including toxic shock syndrome and some flesh-eating diseases

Transmission

the process by which pathogens move between individuals and objects—this is how we get sick.

Sterilizing

the process that destroys all microbial life, including spores, generally with the use of an autoclave.

Direct Transmission

what we most commonly think of in terms of getting sick, as it involves the transmission of pathogens through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking. More examples: Shaking hands, wart transmission, MRSA transmission. * Cannot live for long periods of time away from a host.