Ethics Chapters 1-4 II

41. The field of _____ is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior. A. metaphilosophy B. ethics C. aesthetics D. epistemology

B. ethics

3. The difference between deontological ethical systems and teleological ethical systems is that: a. Deontological systems focus on intent instead of consequences. b. Deontological systems prioritize the ends over the means. c. Teleological systems focus on intent instead of consequences. d. Teleological systems prioritize the means over the ends.

a. Deontological systems focus on intent instead of consequences

8. In ______________ utilitarianism one judges an action in reference to the precedent it sets and the long-term utility of the rule set by that action. a. Rule b. Act c. Hypothetical d. categorical

a. Rule

23. Altruistic acts that benefit the individual by ensuring reciprocal assistance reflect: a. enlightened egoism b. altruistic egoism c. psychological egoism d. religious egoism

a. enlightened egoism

5. The term _______________ refers to what is judged as good conduct. a. values b. morality c. honor d. goodness

a. values

49. Riley was granted the title of Doctor of Medicine by a medical school in Ohio. His parents were extremely happy and content with his achievement. The worth attached to the feelings experienced by Riley's parents is an example of _____. A. an unconventional value B. an intrinsic value C. an instrumental value D. the Golden Rule

B. an intrinsic value

46. _____ refers to a set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior. A. Traditional norm B. Value system C. Extrinsic norm D. Utilitarianism

B. Value system

27. ________________________________ describes the position of what is good or bad changes depending on the individual or group and that are no moral absolutes. a. Moral absolutism b. Ethical relativism c. Sub-cultural moralism d. Global relativism

b. Ethical relativism

20. The peacemaking process is composed of three parts: connectedness caring and: a. Respect b. Mindfulness c. Fairness d. Equity

b. Mindfulness

7. __________________ ethics determine what people ought to do and defines moral duties based on ethical systems or other means of analysis. a. Applied b. Normative c. Professional d. Conventional

b. Normative

13. If honesty or physical fitness are important to you these traits would be: a. Duties b. Values c. Morals d. Superogatories

b. Values

2. An ethical system which judges the consequences of an act is referred to as: a. a deontological ethical system b. a teleological ethical system c. a formal ethical system d. a theological ethical system

b. a teleological ethical system

5. An ethical system which judges the consequences of an act is referred to as: a. a deontological ethical system b. a teleological ethical system c. a formal ethical system d. a theological ethical system

b. a teleological ethical system

2. In _______________ utilitarianism only the basic utility derived from an action is examined. a. rule b. act c. hypothetical d. categorical

b. act

9. In _______________ utilitarianism only the basic utility derived from an action is examined. a. rule b. act c. hypothetical d. categorical

b. act

1. A structured set of principles that defines what is moral is referred to as: a. a norm system b. an ethical system c. a morality guide d. a principled guide

b. an ethical system

30. Situational ethics is often used as a synonym for: a. absolutism b. relativism c. formalism d. pluralism

b. relativism

51. _____ can be said to have instrumental value. A. Money B. Self-respect C. Happiness D. Health

A. Money

52. Which of the following scenarios exemplifies instrumental value? A. Victoria possesses half a million in her bank account. B. Eighty-year Mathew is in good health. C. Cathy is always happy. D. Fernando is upset with his poor SAT scores.

A. Victoria possesses half a million in her bank account.

43. Amanda and Ross have been chosen to go to Ethiopia for their university's International Student Exchange Program. They read about the beliefs attitudes practices norms traditions cuisine and music of Ethiopia to better adapt to the place. Amanda and Ross are reading about the _____ aspect of Ethiopia. A. cultural B. economical C. political D. philosophical

A. cultural

44. Which of the following will most likely influence the moral standards of an individual? A. Change of government in the individual's home country B. A strict family upbringing C. Attitude of people in the neighboring country D. An opportunity to learn a foreign language.

B. A strict family upbringing

53. The difference between intrinsic value and instrumental value is that: A. intrinsic value refers to the adoption of those standards that are ultimately unique to a society. B. instrumental value refers to the quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value. C. instrumental value refers to the quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake whether anything comes from that pursuit or not. D. intrinsic value refers to values acquired through media and religion

B. instrumental value refers to the quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value.

67. The problem with a utilitarian approach to ethics is: A. the differing attitudes of various societies to the Golden Rule. B. the idea that the ends justify the means. C. that societies can place different emphasis on different virtues. D. that not everyone is committed to doing the right thing.

B. the idea that the ends justify the means.

62. The Greek philosopher Aristotle's belief in individual character and integrity established the concept of _____. A. philosophical ethics B. virtue ethics C. The Golden Rule D. utilitarianism

B. virtue ethics

45. Which of the following is true of morals and values? A. The terms morals and values define a society and not an individual. B. The term morals is used to refer to an individual while the term values is used in the context of a society. C. The terms morals and values are often used to mean the same thing. D. Values refer to religious judgments while morals refer to coded behavior

C. The terms morals and values are often used to mean the same thing.

71. According to the concept of _____ the traditions of your society your personal opinions and the circumstances of the present moment define your ethical principles. A. universal ethics B. normative ethics C. ethical relativism D. utilitarianism

C. ethical relativism

50. The quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value is known as _____. A. intrinsic value B. extrinsic norm C. instrumental value D. traditional norm

C. instrumental value

64. The problem with virtue ethics is that: A. it is based on consequentialism. B. societies are formed according to the Golden Rule. C. societies can place different emphasis on different virtues. D. it is based on the idea that the ends justify the means.

C. societies can place different emphasis on different virtues.

57. Which of the following indicates the rules of appropriate individual behavior? A. Jamie had a strict family upbringing that had major impact on his personal moral standards. B. Mitchell had never lied to her parents or done anything without their consent. C. Damian always reaches the workplace before time and is always the last one to leave. D. Alice travels to different countries for work and conducts herself according to the culture of the country she visits.

D. Alice travels to different countries for work and conducts herself according to the culture of the country she visits.

48. _____ can be said to have intrinsic value. A. Money B. A package holiday C. A job offer D. Health

D. Health

47. The quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake whether anything comes from that pursuit or not is called a(n) _____. A. traditional norm B. instrumental value C. extrinsic norm D. intrinsic value

D. intrinsic value

42. Society refers to a(n): A. environment that does not mention acceptable standard of good and bad behavior. B. closed confined unit in which people have to follow a distinct religion. C. group of individuals who share similar psychological order and community resources. D. structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs.

D. structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs

66. Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people is referred to as _____. A. virtue ethics B. normative ethics C. ethical relativism D. utilitarianism

D. utilitarianism

15. Aristotle's concept of moderation in which one should not err toward excess or deficiency is called: a. the principle of eudaimonia b. the principle of the golden mean c. the principle of moral latitude d. the principle of the moral exemplar

b. the principle of the golden mean

14. The system of ethics of virtue is associated with: a. Kant b. Aquinas c. Aristotle d. Hobbes

c. Aristotle

21. _____________________ postulates that what is good for one's survival and personal happiness is moral. a. Altruism b. Narcissism c. Egoism d. Philanthropy

c. Egoism

10. The authority of religious ethics in particular such as those of Judeo-Christian ethics stems from a willful and rational: a. clergy b. leader c. God d. ecclesia

c. God

13. Which is not considered a moral virtue? a. Thriftiness b. Industriousness c. Love d. Honesty

c. Love

6. Which statement is not consistent with ethical formalism? a. Moral law is self-imposed. b. Moral actions are determined by reason. c. Lying is never justified. d. Individuals cannot control the consequences of their decisions.

c. Lying is never justified

2. Which of the following is not a requirement of ethical systems? a. universal in nature b. authoritative c. based on God (however defined) d. not-self serving

c. based on God (however defined)

26. Subcultural deviance theory is most consistent with which type of ethical system? a. Deontological b. Absolutist c. Legalist d. Relativist

d. Relativist

4. Immanuel Kant is most associated with which ethical system? a. Utilitarianism b. ethics of care c. ethics of virtue d. ethical formalism

d. ethical formalism