Ethics Mid-Term

Two best friends, Blake and Adam, are in a 7-year doctoral program for clinical psychology. They have vented to each other about their workload for much of the program. About 5 years into the program, Adam's depression rears its head. Blake notices that the "venting" is no longer mutually beneficial, and their conversations turn into Blake giving Adam unofficial therapy sessions. A. Acknowledge that time is a concern for Adam but that 1 hour of treatment a week is more manageable than 7 hours of depressive dissociation. If Adam refuses, remind him that psychologists have an ethical obligation to get treatment B. Acknowledge that time is a concern for Adam but that 1 hour of treatment a week is more manageable than 7 hours of depressive dissociation. If Adam refuses, report the concern to their clinical director C. Help Adam with time-management and study plans.

A. Acknowledge that time is a concern for Adam but that 1 hour of treatment a week is more manageable than 7 hours of depressive dissociation. If Adam refuses, remind him that psychologists have an ethical obligation to get treatment for personal problems affecting their work.

Your supervisor needs to take a vacation the week of his wife's birthday. He asks you to cover 1 treatment group meeting for mothers with BPD. He and you both know you are competent to treat BPD, so you accept. A few days before his vacation begins, he gives you the group roster for billing. You notice that the wife of your client is in the group. Your client frequently reports emotional abuse and manipulation by his wife. A. Inform the supervisor of the situation and suggest the group be cancelled if a replacement clinician cannot be found. B. Run the group and protect the wife's confidentiality. It could be harmful for the clients to miss their group. C. Call the clients individually to cancel the group as soon as possible D. Inform the supervisor of the situation and discuss how to run the group while protecting the wife's confidentiality.

A. Inform the supervisor of the situation and suggest the group be cancelled if a replacement clinician cannot be found.

Which of the following quotes reflects a CLIENT FACTOR for the negative outcome of the therapy? A. "Particularly after my divorce I felt unattractive and unwanted. I wished to be seen as a viable woman who was worthy of love. I desperately needed to know if Dr. A could see me in such a light. Not to act on it but just to know that he could see those qualities in me." B. "There is a balance to be struck between protecting the framework of the therapy relationship so that it remains safe, confidential and well-boundaried, whilst allowing and empowering the client to find support, if it deteriorates into a negative, potentially harmful state." C. "As well as writing secretly, we began texting. Some of his texts became very sexually explicit. D. "All of the patients experienced a conflict between a wish for more simple, functional help in contrast to the intensive therapy they had been given"

A. "Particularly after my divorce I felt unattractive and unwanted. I wished to be seen as a viable woman who was worthy of love. I desperately needed to know if Dr. A could see me in such a light. Not to act on it but just to know that he could see those qualities in me."

Max has a 18-year-old patient, DeDe, with thoughts of suicide and 7 past attempts at exsanguination. DeDe's parents are no help, convinced that this is an attention-seeking phase. When Max tells DeDe he understands her actions are from intense pain rather than attention-seeking, DeDe disagrees. She states, "I open my veins to black out so I don't feel anything, but I do want them to feel something about it." Max's BEST course of action is: A. Ask DeDe which family members are most helpful to her so that a release can be signed for them to become partially involved in her treatment plan. B. Ask DeDe to call him whenever her thoughts of suicide get too intense for her to handle. C. Ask DeDe which family members are least helpful to her so that a release can be signed for them to become partially involved in her treatment plan.

A. Ask DeDe which family members are most helpful to her so that a release can be signed for them to become partially involved in her treatment plan.

Natalya, a 6-year-old girl with severe OCD, is discharged to your practice after a stint in inpatient care for disturbed youth. Natalya's medical history includes multiple respiratory infections requiring non-psychiatric hospitalization and a current prescription of 200mg of Zoloft daily. When you ask Natalya in the first appointment why her parents want her to talk to you, she says, "because I don't like it here and don't want to be alive." What is your BEST course of action? A. Ask Natalya why she doesn't want to be alive and have her parents sign a release for you to talk to her psychiatrist. Safety plan with her and her parents. B. Ask Natalya why she doesn't want to be alive and have her parents talk to her psychiatrist. Safety plan with her and her parents. C. Inform Natalya's parents that she needs readmitted to inpatient care to restabilize her.

A. Ask Natalya why she doesn't want to be alive and have her parents sign a release for you to talk to her psychiatrist. Safety plan with her and her parents.

Which of the following best describes the requirements of the APA's Ethics Code for bartering? A. Bartering for goods or services may be acceptable under certain conditions. B. Bartering for services (but not goods) is acceptable. C. Bartering for goods or services is prohibited in all circumstances. D. Bartering for goods (but not services) is acceptable.

A. Bartering for goods or services may be acceptable under certain conditions.

Opal is a supervised psychologist who is interested in DBT practices with her clients. However, she gets paid in packing peanuts and has to put food on the table. What is Opal's BEST option for providing between-sessions services? A. Call the clients' insurance companies to ask about coverage for phone-only services. B. Train and earn official certification for DBT. C. Only provide services in-session. D. Have the clients call their insurance companies to ask about coverage for phone-only services.

A. Call the clients' insurance companies to ask about coverage for phone-only services.

Jada is very thorough in her clinical documentation. She knows to specify a patient's status in all areas of risk, including suicidal, homicidal, and NSSI risk. Her note reads: "Patient denied suicidal ideation." What, if anything, is wrong with this? A. It does not include what the patient said. B. It should say, "Patient did not report suicidal ideation." C. Nothing is wrong with this.

A. It does not include what the patient said.

You are assessing a child who has lived in the US his whole life. The child's mother is from South Sudan and the child's father is from the US. After she leaves without incident, you notice she identified her child on the new patient form as "White." You do a double-take when you see the form. As a culturally-competent psychologist, you understand that you must follow up with your supervisor about this particular issue MAINLY because.... A. Testing norm groups are usually different for White and Black children, and you may have to compare both norms or follow-up with the mother. B. You have to meet with your supervisor once a week to go over cases, including assessment cases. C. You do not want to cause confusion for the schools by writing that the child is White in the report. The child could be misidentified as the wrong student, or your competence could be called into question.

A. Testing norm groups are usually different for White and Black children, and you may have to compare both norms or follow-up with the mother.

Which of the following best describes the provisions of the Ethics Code with regard to sexual relationships with students or supervisees? A. The Code prohibits relationships with students over whom a psychologist has or is likely to have evaluative authority. B. The Code prohibits relationships with current or former students/supervisees under any circumstances. C. The Code prohibits relationships with current students but permits relationships with past students/supervisees. D. The Code prohibits relationships with current or past students/supervisees who are vulnerable to undue influence.

A. The Code prohibits relationships with students over whom a psychologist has or is likely to have evaluative authority.

Which of the following best describes a psychologist's ethical requirements with regard to the use of computer-assisted psychological test scoring and interpretation services? Select one: A. These services are acceptable but the psychologist is responsible for their appropriate application and use. B. These services are acceptable and the publisher is responsible for ensuring they provide accurate information. C. These services are acceptable only in the "most unusual circumstances." D. These services are acceptable only when the interpretations are based on objective data.

A. These services are acceptable but the psychologist is responsible for their appropriate application and use.

A client you had been seeing in therapy for two months suddenly stopped coming to her sessions. You have been unable to contact her by phone and she owes you for the last three sessions. You are thinking about using a collection agency to collect her outstanding fees. In terms of the requirements of the APA's Ethics Code, the use of a collection agency is: A. acceptable as long as you inform her of your intent and give her an opportunity to pay her outstanding fee before doing so. B. always unacceptable. C. acceptable as long as you discussed your policy with her at the beginning of therapy and she agreed to it. D. acceptable only as a "last resort."

A. acceptable as long as you inform her of your intent and give her an opportunity to pay her outstanding fee before doing so.

The BEST method of transportation of an actively suicidal client, even when the other options are more readily available, is _____ A. an ambulance B. a deeply trusted relative or friend of the client C. the sheriff's gated car D. a trained case worker at the same location as the client

A. an ambulance

According to the APA's Ethics Code, psychologists should discuss fees and other financial arrangements with clients: A. as early as is feasible. B. during the first therapy session. C. during the initial phone contact. D. at the psychologist's discretion.

A. as early as is feasible.

Clinicians can reduce, but not eliminate premature attrition after intake with diverse clients by: A. asking the client about their expectations first and then explaining the intake and treatment processes B. including the client's family in the intake and treatment process first and then allowing the client to discuss concerns on their own C. taking on the role of a knowledgeable expert first and then explaining the intake and treatment processes D. allowing the client to discuss concerns on their own first and then including the client's family in the intake and treatment process

A. asking the client about their expectations first and then explaining the intake and treatment processes

Strube & Barbour (1984) identified common reasons women stay in abusive relationships, including those involving battery, as: A. belief they can change the batterer and fear of retaliation against children and themselves B. belief they can change the batterer and fear of retaliation against children C. belief that they deserve the treatment they receive and fear of retaliation against children and themselves D. belief that they deserve the treatment they receive and fear of retaliation against children

A. belief they can change the batterer and fear of retaliation against children and themselves

In most situations, the "holder of the privilege" is the: A. client. B. client and therapist jointly. C. therapist. D. court.

A. client.

Your new clients are a family that consist of a husband, wife, and two adolescent girls. They began therapy because one of the girls has started using drugs and the other has signs of an eating disorder. You realize during the first session that you and the parents belong to the same country club. You should: A. consider the situation, consulting if necessary, to determine if you can maintain your objectivity with this family B. continue seeing the family and join a different country club C. terminate therapy with this family and provide them with referrals D. ask the parents to decide if they want to continue therapy with you

A. consider the situation, consulting if necessary, to determine if you can maintain your objectivity with this family

You hear a rumor that one of your co-workers has a habit of flirting with the younger female employees. You start paying closer attention to his behavior and discover that the rumors are not unfounded. Your best course of action in this situation would be to ____________________________________. A. discuss your observations and the rumors you have heard with the co-worker B. maintain a record of your observations and present them to the company's Director C. approach the young women who have been harassed and suggest they file a complaint with the Ethics Committee D. do nothing since your co-worker's behaviors are basically harmless

A. discuss your observations and the rumors you have heard with the co-worker

Sandy S. is considering filing a claim of sexual harassment against her boss, Bertrand B., because he frequently comments on her physical appearance by telling her how "great she looks" and often tells her that, "if I weren't your boss, I'd be chasing after you." Sandy decides to tell Bertrand that she finds his comments offensive and, when she does so, he apologizes and says he'll stop if that's what she wants. This situation: A. does not represent a legal claim for sexual harassment as long as Bertrand actually stops making offensive comments B. does not represent a legal claim for sexual harassment because Bertrand's comments are not sufficiently severe to be considered abusive C. represents a legal claim for sexual harassment because Sandy found Bertrand's behavior to be offensive D. represents a legal claim for sexual harassment because a reasonable woman would find Bertrand's behavior to be offensive

A. does not represent a legal claim for sexual harassment as long as Bertrand actually stops making offensive comments

Black women are 70% less likely to die by suicide than White women. This is MOST likely due to this culture's emphasis on: A. feminine strength and resilience B. suicide as a mortal (unforgivable) sin

A. feminine strength and resilience

Grounding techniques are A. fundamental therapeutic skills B. specialty techniques as part of mindfulness-based CBT C. based in Eastern religions and forbidden for Christians D. specialty techniques as part of DBT

A. fundamental therapeutic skills

Sue and Sue (2003) describe "worldview" as consisting of two dimensions—locus of control and locus of responsibility. Within this framework, the culture of the White middle class in the United States is best described as reflecting an: A. internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility. B. external locus of control and internal locus of responsibility. C. external locus of control and external locus of responsibility. D. internal locus of control and external locus of responsibility.

A. internal locus of control and internal locus of responsibility.

Hospitalization typically ______ A. is expensive for the client or their family B. fosters dependence in people without personality pathology C. is effective at reducing suicidal behaviors due to negative punishment D. is effective at reducing suicidal behaviors due to positive punishment

A. is expensive for the client or their family

Your former client, Caleb Cash, has failed to pay the balance of an unpaid bill. Although you have given Caleb numerous opportunities to respond to your written requests for payment and have informed him of your intention to turn this matter over to a collection agency, he has not made any attempt to resolve this matter. One day, you receive a call from another therapist who is currently working with Caleb. She asks you to forward a copy of Caleb's records and faxes you a copy of a signed release from Caleb. She informs you this is an emergency. According to the APA's Ethics Code, you: A. must comply since his records are needed for emergency treatment. B. should explain the situation to the therapist and ask her to tell Caleb to contact you. C. may withhold Caleb's records until he pays his outstanding bill. D. must comply with the therapist's request since Caleb has signed a release.

A. must comply since his records are needed for emergency treatment.

Dr. Rita Ryan is a psychotherapist in a small town. She receives a phone call from a man she was sexually involved with several years ago. The relationship lasted for only four months and ended amicably. The man is now married and is having problems unrelated to his relationship with Dr. Ryan. He has called to see if he can begin seeing her in therapy. Dr. Ryan should: Select one: A. refer the man elsewhere. B. see the man in therapy only if she determines that their past relationship will not impair her objectivity. C. see the man but discuss the potential for conflicts with him before beginning treatment. D. see the man only if their relationship ended more than two years ago and she determines that it will not impair her objectivity.

A. refer the man elsewhere.

White urban and White suburban clients are generally more "cooperative" during ________ than other populations. A. standard intakes B. treatment homework C. risk assessment D. group therapy

A. standard intakes

You have a suicidal client, age 20, who is "very online." Your client rebuffs all advice and homework about healthy behaviors and coping strategies and plays video games all day. When he is not playing video games, he is cutting himself or asleep. His days have looked essentially the same for 6 years. What is the BEST homework below? A. task him with helping another player in his game at least once a day B. task him with doing one chore around the family home at least once a day C. task him with creating a regular schedule around which he will play video games D. task him with giving his razors to a loved one for safekeeping

A. task him with helping another player in his game at least once a day

Critical thinking: An UNUSUAL point of data extraction in a meta-analysis would be _______. A. testimonies against psychotherapy from blogs and autobiographies B. quantitative data from journal articles about rates of adverse outcomes in psychotherapy C. testimonies against psychotherapy from qualitative journal articles D. quantitative data from the abstracts or charts of journal articles about rates of adverse outcomes in psychotherapy

A. testimonies against psychotherapy from blogs and autobiographies

You are doing an intake on a Mexican couple. The wife made the appointment. She states that both of them are at fault for having poor communication, which she has been studying on women's blogs, but overall blames her husband for emotional unavailability. The husband is objectively rude to you (i.e., by both your and his culture's standards). He states that he came because he was "threatened with divorce otherwise" and that "The man solves the problems in his own home, not some woman shrink fresh out of college." According to Prochaska and DiClemente (1984)... A. the husband is in the precontemplative stage of change and the wife is in the preparation stage of change B. the husband is in the precontemplative stage of change and the wife is in the contemplation stage of change C. the husband is in the precontemplative stage of change and the wife is in the maintenance stage of change

A. the husband is in the precontemplative stage of change and the wife is in the preparation stage of change

Diverse clients, including rural and Appalachian clients, have high drop-off rates after intake. This is likely due to: A. the intrusive nature of intakes, shame, and distrust B. interdependence, marginalization, and collectivism C. the intrusive nature of intakes and religious beliefs D. religious beliefs, shame, and a desire for answers

A. the intrusive nature of intakes, shame, and distrust

Psychologists are ethically required to provide _______ feedback to their students and supervisees. A. timely, accurate, and transparent B. both timely and accurate C. both positive and negative D. positive, negative, and transparent

A. timely, accurate, and transparent

While treating a client, you decide that you want to consult with a colleague to discuss a specific aspect of the case that is giving you trouble. According to the Ethics Code: A. you must obtain a release from the client only if you will be revealing the client's identity to the consultant. B. you must obtain a release from the client before talking to a consultant. C. you do not have to obtain a release from the client as long as he/she has already signed a general waiver of confidentiality. D. you do not have to obtain a release from the client under any circumstances since the consultant is "clearly connected" with the case.

A. you must obtain a release from the client only if you will be revealing the client's identity to the consultant.

_______________ is MOST likely to be needed across a wide variety of diverse clients, including racial minorities, those who are poor, rural clients, and immigrants. Please take some time after this quiz to Google how to obtain this for your clients locally. A. Family therapy B. Case management C. Translators D. Medication management

B. Case management

A psychologist with current suicidal ideation is most likely to do harm to a suicidal patient by _____________. A. Unconsciously encouraging the patient to die due to clinical nihilism B. Failing to help due to loss of focus C. Failing to file for involuntary commitment in situations of immediate danger due to empathy

B. Failing to help due to loss of focus

A supervisor approves you to provide cognitive-behavioral services to Payten, a 94-pound 15-year-old with anorexia who is unable to get into eating disorder treatment due to widespread flood damage downstate and a long waitlist at the eating disorder specialist's office. You see Payten over telehealth and clarify with her and her parents that treatment will likely last 4-6 weeks until the roads are fixed and the waitlist for the eating disorder clinic opens up. In 5 weeks, the flood damage is cleared and Payten's mother gets a call from the eating disorders clinic. Payten really likes you, so the mother tells the clinic to move on to the next person in the waitlist.

B. Meet with Payten and her mother in-session to explain the need for a specialist. Obtain a full release of information from the mother to be able to call the clinic yourself and explain the situation, and see if they can put Payten back on the waitlist, ideally next in line. See Payten for concluding/transitional sessions until her appointment at the specialty clinic.

Dr. Cross states that it is culturally destructive of his supervisee to fail to allow room for Native American traditional healing practices into his treatment plan for a Cherokee client. Which of the following responses from the supervisee best demonstrates a CONFLICT between evidence-based practice and cultural competence? A. The supervisee states that the traditional healing practice has a potential for harm because the supervisee is not trained to deliver the traditional healing practice herself. B. The supervisee states that the traditional healing practice is contraindicated for OCD because the client is concerned on a daily basis about redoing spiritual tasks until they are "right." C. The supervisee states that the traditional healing practice is harmful and fosters dependency on the client's emotionally abusive family.

B. The supervisee states that the traditional healing practice is contraindicated for OCD because the client is concerned on a daily basis about redoing spiritual tasks until they are "right."

Sarah the Supervisee is having a hard time deciding whether or not her patient, Peter, should be hospitalized. Peter has recently relapsed into active-phase schizophrenia and expresses thoughts of suicide to escape the fear it instills. Peter, however, does not wish to act on these thoughts, but he hears voices that instruct him to do so. Which part of this is an involuntary commitment commissioner most likely to accept as grounds for hospitalization? A. "[He] expresses thoughts of suicide to escape the fear it instills." B. "He hears voices that instruct him to do so." C. "Peter has recently relapsed into active-phase schizophrenia."

B. "He hears voices that instruct him to do so."

Marcie is a new private practitioner. Her client, Patrick, has shown signs of erotic transference after he broke up with his long-time girlfriend who had cheated on him. You confront him. Patrick breaks into tears and states he feels "completely unlovable. I'm so sorry I offended you. I wish I was dead. A. "Let's look at these beliefs that you are completely unlovable and not enough. With a triggering event like being cheated on, I can see how you got there?" B. "The betrayal you went through hurt enough for you to think of death. There was a lot of grief under the surface of this 'new you.' I'm not angry. We just need to spend our time talking about that suicidal loneliness instead of what we had for breakfast." C. "I'm not offended, but I don't want a romantic relationship with you. Psychologists have a code of ethics that is in place to protect clients and prevent personal relationship

B. "The betrayal you went through hurt enough for you to think of death. There was a lot of grief under the surface of this 'new you.' I'm not angry. We just need to spend our time talking about that suicidal loneliness instead of what we had for breakfast."

Statistically, suicide rates spike within ______ after inpatient discharge. It is strongly recommended that outpatient therapy, counseling, or case management occurs within ____ A. 1 week; the same day of discharge or the following day. B. 1 week; 1-2 days of discharge. C. 5 days; 0-4 days of discharge. D. 5 days; 2-4 days of discharge.

B. 1 week; 1-2 days of discharge.

Statistics from the early 2000s indicate that roughly _____% of psychological professionals (including psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, and social workers) have considered suicide at some point in their lives, while roughly _____% have had a client die by suicide. A. 25% have considered themselves; up to 50% have had a client suicide B. 45% have considered themselves; up to 50% have had a client suicide C. 35% have considered themselves; up to 45% have had a client suicide D. 55% have considered themselves; up to 60% have had a client suicide

B. 45% have considered themselves; up to 50% have had a client suicide

An LPC colleague tells you he has never had to hospitalize a patient in 25 years of counseling and is alarmed and somewhat offended that you have just submitted a mental hygiene application. What is MOST LIKELY happening? A. He's just not that into you. B. He doesn't ask because he is afraid of the answer. C. You are getting all the suicidal referrals because you are listed as a clinical psychologist. D. You lack competence to talk people down from suicidal intent like he does.

B. He doesn't ask because he is afraid of the answer

Marcy is a supervisee in Logan County, WV. She receives a referral for a person with apparent dissociative identity disorder. Marcy is not competent to treat this disorder. Under what circumstances could she treat this client for this problem? A. If she has prior training in dissociation and completes a continuing education module on dissociative identity once she gets notice of the referral and before the appointment time for intake. B. If she has prior training in trauma and dissociation, accesses current research, and completes comprehensive continuing education programs while receiving weekly supervision and seeing the client C. If she puts the client on the waitlist until she can complete a comprehensive continuing education program in dissociative identity disorder and her supervisor approves the referral D. When her supervisor gives her approval to take the referral

B. If she has prior training in trauma and dissociation, accesses current research, and completes comprehensive continuing education programs while receiving weekly supervision and seeing the client

While typically suicidal intent is automatically grounds for hospitalization, there are rare case-by-case exceptions. Identify below a situation where suicidal intent is UNLIKELY to be grounds for hospitalization. A. Mitchell, 24, has no current stated means and intends to "find a way" to kill himself on the way home. B. Mary, 73, fully intends to die on her 75th birthday, which was her grandmother's age at death. C. Malik, 46, says he intends to die "when the good Lord sends to me a chariot," but refuses to clarify what he means. D. Maxine, 18, has chosen a somewhat ineffective way to die by cutting her wrists and intends to do this during the work week when her parents aren't home.

B. Mary, 73, fully intends to die on her 75th birthday, which was her grandmother's age at death.

________ exists on a spectrum, where some is necessary and high levels are associated with impaired ability to practice. A. Suicide literacy B. Suicide anxiety C. Suicidology D. Lived experience

B. Suicide anxiety

Part of your job as a licensed psychologist at a mental health clinic is to administer intelligence, personality, and other tests to child, adolescent, and adult clients. To reduce your workload, you train an employee of the clinic to administer many of the tests and to write interpretive reports. The employee is one semester away from a B.A. in psychology and has already been accepted into a Psy.D. program for the following year. Select one: A. You are acting ethically as long as you supervise the employee's work. B. You are acting unethically because the employee is not qualified to interpret psychological tests. C. You are acting unethically because only people who have completed some graduate-level work should administer psychological tests. D. You are acting ethically since it is up to you to decide if the employee is sufficiently competent to administer tests and interpret their results.

B. You are acting unethically because the employee is not qualified to interpret psychological tests.

A typical supervisory process is unlikely to reveal if a supervisee is _____ A. experiencing stress related to the job B. acting unethically or out of touch with a client's feelings C. using a contraindicated technique in-session D. documenting the therapy process poorly

B. acting unethically or out of touch with a client's feelings

From a standpoint of DBT treatment, between-sessions phone-calls with suicidal patients... A. are arranged after verifying telephone crisis intervention coverage B. are arranged as a free (pro-bono) service C. serve as substitute sessions D. should follow the client's stream of thought and conversation

B. are arranged as a free (pro-bono) service

From a standpoint of work-life balance, between-sessions phone-calls with suicidal patients... A. are contraindicated for clients who directly request them B. are contraindicated for therapists with poor boundaries and interruption skills C. are contraindicated for clients who are busy D. are contraindicated for therapists with high empathy

B. are contraindicated for therapists with poor boundaries and interruption skills

Clients with borderline personality disorder can engage in suicidal behaviors in order to: A. die B. die or gain attention C. gain attention

B. die or gain attention

Your new client is a 37-year-old woman whose symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. After your third session with her, she tells you that she was in treatment with another psychologist but terminated therapy six weeks ago after the psychologist made sexual advances toward her. She does not want you to discuss this matter with anyone. The best course of action in this situation would be to: A. tell the woman that the psychologist's behavior was unethical and suggest that she file a complaint against him. B. discuss the client's options with her and maintain her confidentiality unless she signs a release. C. inform the client of the limits of confidentiality in this situation and report the unethical behavior. D. inform the client of the limits of confidentiality in this situation and contact the other psychologist.

B. discuss the client's options with her and maintain her confidentiality unless she signs a release.

Dr. Blitz has been seeing a client for four months. The client mentioned that he is very dissatisfied with the progress of therapy in the last two sessions. Dr. Blitz should: Select one: A. tell the client that he can't expect major changes in only four months. B. discuss the matter with the client and provide him with referrals if he desires. C. help the client work through his resistance. D. encourage the client to schedule more frequent sessions.

B. discuss the matter with the client and provide him with referrals if he desires.

Dr. Goodman has been dating Reginald for seven weeks when she realizes that he is the brother of a client she has been seeing in therapy for nearly three months. Dr. Goodman's best course of action would be to _____________. A. stop seeing Reginald immediately B. discuss the matter with the client as soon as possible C. refer the client to another therapist immediately D. do nothing until it becomes evident that the situation is creating a conflict

B. discuss the matter with the client as soon as possible

Dr. Lisa Lopez has been treating Glenn G. for depression for three weeks. During their most recent session, Glenn disclosed that he has also been seeing another therapist for several months. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Lopez should: Select one: A. tell Glenn that he will need to decide which therapist he wishes to continue seeing within the next few weeks. B. discuss this issue with Glenn and consult with the other therapist after getting Glenn's approval to do so. C. tell Glenn she cannot continue seeing him in therapy since he is receiving services from another professional. D. continue therapy with Glenn since he has not expressed a desire to stop.

B. discuss this issue with Glenn and consult with the other therapist after getting Glenn's approval to do so.

Dr. Baum requires students in his introductory psychology class to participate in a university-sponsored research project as a requirement for the course. This is: A. unethical under any circumstances. B. ethical as long as students are given a choice of completing an equitable alternative assignment. C. ethical as long as students are made aware of this requirement before they enroll in his class. D. ethical as long as the research exposes students to "minimum risk."

B. ethical as long as students are given a choice of completing an equitable alternative assignment.

A colleague of yours has just attended a seminar on Culture and Ethics where several experts argued that it is inappropriate for psychologists to attempt to obtain a signed written informed consent from members of certain cultural groups prior to their participation in therapy. As an ethical psychologist, you tell your colleague that it __________. A. is always necessary to obtain either a signed written consent or a signed waiver of consent from all therapy clients B. may be acceptable to document an informed consent from therapy clients in an alternative way, especially when a signed consent would be inappropriate for the client C. is acceptable to document an informed consent from therapy clients in an alternative way only when those clients are illiterate D. is always necessary to obtain a signed written consent from therapy clients regardless of their ethnic/cultural background

B. may be acceptable to document an informed consent from therapy clients in an alternative way, especially when a signed consent would be inappropriate for the client

Even if a minority client and a majority clinician agree on the list of detailed presenting problems they developed, the pair's different worldviews may create a sharp difference between them regarding _________ of those problems A. qualities B. prioritization C. ability to discuss

B. prioritization

Taylor, an intern, notices that a young adult male client she was just referred frequently jokes and makes small talk with her. He behaves as if he has a crush. Taylor's BEST option is to... A. refer the client to her supervisor B. review boundaries with the client and keep most conversation focused on treatment goals C. redirect all of the client's attempts at small talk to his reason for referral D. state that she has discovered a conflict of interest and arrange for an appropriate referral

B. review boundaries with the client and keep most conversation focused on treatment goals

As defined in the APA's Ethics Code, a psychologist would be violating test security when he: A. discusses a client's responses to several test items to help the client understand why she received a low score. B. shows a parent the questions from a standardized test when discussing the child's test results. C. engages in any of the activities described in the above answers. D. provides a client with the exact scale and subscale scores she obtained on a standardized test.

B. shows a parent the questions from a standardized test when discussing the child's test results.

A patient experiencing chronic pain tells you that her physician has prescribed an opioid analgesic. She also says she doesn't want to take the drug because her brother is an ex-drug addict and she has had problems with alcohol in the past. You should ________________________________. A. reassure her that the use of an opioid for pain is unlikely to result in addiction as long as the drug is taken as prescribed B. suggest that you discuss the issue with her physician and obtain a waiver of confidentiality so that you can do so C. continue to explore her feelings about drug addiction in subsequent therapy sessions D. support her decision and explore alternative methods of pain relief such as biofeedback and relaxation training

B. suggest that you discuss the issue with her physician and obtain a waiver of confidentiality so that you can do so

When your coworker is doing something unethical the first person you contact about the issue is _________ unless it involves immediate danger or sexual exploitation. A. the clinical director of the agency B. the coworker C. the immediate clinical supervisor D. the Board of Examiners of Psychologists

B. the coworker

When you get annoyed by a client's behavior, the BEST INITIAL course of action to take is: A. to seek your own therapy B. to imagine yourself in their shoes C. to ask your supervisor for advice D. to refer the client

B. to imagine yourself in their shoes

A 40-year-old therapist becomes attracted to a 38-year-old client and soon realizes that the feelings are mutual. They discuss the situation and agree to terminate therapy and begin dating immediately. This is: Select one: A. unethical unless the therapist and client received counseling related to this issue when they began dating. B. unethical because the therapist can not begin dating a former client immediately after terminating therapy. C. unethical since the client is unable to provide sexual consent. D. ethical since they terminated therapy before beginning to date.

B. unethical because the therapist can not begin dating a former client immediately after terminating therapy.

You have made an arrangement with another psychologist to exchange a nominal payment of $25.00 for referrals to each other. In terms of the requirements of the APA's Ethics Code, this is: A. ethical since the Ethics Code does not prohibit referral fees. B. unethical if the payment of $25.00 is based on the referral only. C. ethical as long as the clients are informed of this practice at the outset of therapy. D. unethical if the payment for the referral represents more than 25% of the fee paid by the client.

B. unethical if the payment of $25.00 is based on the referral only.

A client you have been seeing in therapy for seven weeks tells you that her ex-husband is threatening to kill you because he blames you for her unwillingness to get back together with him. From your conversations with the client, you know that the man has a history of violent behavior and that his threat against you must be taken seriously. As an ethical psychologist: Select one: A. you must continue seeing the client but may contact the police to obtain protection with or without the client's consent to do so. B. you may terminate therapy with the client and may contact the police to obtain protection with or without the client's consent to do so. C. you must continue seeing the client and should contact the police to obtain protection only with the client's consent to do so. D. you may terminate therapy with the client but should contact the police to obtain protection only with the client's consent to do so.

B. you may terminate therapy with the client and may contact the police to obtain protection with or without the client's consent to do so.

You are assessing a child who has lived in the US his whole life. The child's mother is from South Sudan and the child's father is from the US. The mother is the one who meets with you and thoroughly completes the intake interview and new patient form, describing a variety of issues she would like investigated. After she leaves without incident, you notice she identified her child on the new patient form as "White." You do a double-take when you see the form. As a culturally-competent psychologist, you deduce that the MOST likely the reason for the mother identifying her child as White is..... A. You did not adequately translate or provide an interpreter for the intake form. B. The mother is aware of racial prejudice in the United States and wants to classify her son as White on record since he is of mixed ancestry. C. The child would be considered White in South Sudan.

C. The child would be considered White in South Sudan.

Which of the following quotes reflects sociocultural factors impacting outcomes of the therapeutic alliance? A. "All of the patients experienced a conflict between a wish for more simple, functional help in contrast to the intensive therapy they had been given (Wilson and Sperlinger, 2004, p. 227)." B. "Negative feelings seemed to occur because of the clients' feelings that their expectations for therapist behavior were breached (Rhodes et al., 1994, p. 480)." C. "Some survivors also seemed to believe that living in certain areas affected their access to services (Chouliara et al., 2011, p.146)." D. "Particularly after my divorce I felt unattractive and unwanted. I wished to be seen as a viable woman who was worthy of love. I desperately needed to know if Dr. A could see me in such a light. Not to act on it but just to know that he could see those qualities in me (Service user testimony 6)."

C. "Some survivors also seemed to believe that living in certain areas affected their access to services (Chouliara et al., 2011, p.146)."

Which of the following is an example of a psychologist's obligations with regard to the Tarasoff decision? A. A psychologist has a duty to inform the authorities when a therapy client says he "put someone in the hospital" in a physical fight at a local bar last weekend. B. A psychologist has a duty to protect a therapy client when the client says his wife has been threatening to kill him and he thinks her last threat was "really serious." C. A psychologist has a duty to warn or protect a therapy client's neighbor when the client says he is planning to murder the neighbor. D. A psychologist has a duty to protect a therapy client when the client says he is planning to kill himself and has a plan for doing so.

C. A psychologist has a duty to warn or protect a therapy client's neighbor when the client says he is planning to murder the neighbor.

The main difference between acute suicidality and chronic (lifetime) suicidality is that... A. Chronically suicidal individuals should receive cognitive-behavioral therapy addressing their other symptomology since the suicidality is characterological and will not respond to treatment. B. Chronically suicidal individuals should receive assistance in applying to long-term residential care. C. Chronically suicidal individuals should be trained in self-management, emotion regulation, and resilience strategies. D. Acutely suicidal individuals are less likely to require hospitalization.

C. Chronically suicidal individuals should be trained in self-management, emotion regulation, and resilience strategies.

Countertransference refers to ______. A. Emotions of lust that the client feels toward the therapist, symbolically transferred from previous relationships B. Emotions in general that the client feels toward the therapist, symbolically transferred from previous relationships C. Emotions in general that the therapist feels toward the client, symbolically transferred from previous relationships D. Emotions of lust that the therapist feels toward the client, symbolically transferred from previous relationships

C. Emotions in general that the therapist feels toward the client, symbolically transferred from previous relationships

Winnie notices that many of her African-American male clients and impoverished White male clients respond to their socioeconomic difficulties by working ridiculous swing shifts and overtime, not taking vacations, and running all errands for their households. They appear to be attempting to cope by way of _____________ and should be encouraged to increase contact with their _____________. A. toxic masculinity; psychiatrist B. perfectionism; support system C. John Henryism; primary care provider D. Weathering; mental healthcare team

C. John Henryism; primary care provider

According to Cross's Black Racial Identity Development Model, an African American individual in the emersion substage of the immersion-emersion stage will exhibit which of the following? A. Internal conflicts related to his/her attitudes toward Whites B. A lack of interest in race and racism C. Rejection of all aspects of White culture D. Adoption of a multicultural perspective

C. Rejection of all aspects of White culture

Dr. Ullom meets with a clinical psychology student about personal concerns. Dr. Ullom knows that he is forbidden from requiring disclosure of personal information. Which circumstance would BEST excuse Dr. Ullom for asking personal information? A. The student he is meeting with is an "over-sharer," and he is not sure how to stop the disclosure during the meeting. B. The student handbook given to the student as a freshman has it printed somewhere in the text that personal information may be required to be disclosed. C. The student he is meeting with has a mental health concern that could prevent them from performing necessary training or competent clinical work. D. A course learning outcome will not be able to be met without some level of required disclosure.

C. The student he is meeting with has a mental health concern that could prevent them from performing necessary training or competent clinical work.

Tanya stated that her patient, Larry, was at a moderate risk of suicide and that outpatient therapy was an appropriate level of care. Larry, who denied intent to go through with it in the interview, killed himself the next day. Which of the following scenarios is BEST for Tanya's continued ability to practice? A. Thorough documentation detailing patient quotes B. Thorough documentation detailing her conversation with her supervisor, including quotes of the conversation C. Thorough documentation detailing her decision-making with evidence, including patient quotes D. None of Larry's support system would know how to make an ethics or malpractice complaint.

C. Thorough documentation detailing her decision-making with evidence, including patient quotes

The 5 General Principles of the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct are: A. aspirational goals for professional behavior Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, and Justice B. general mandates for professional behavior that involve Beneficence/Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for Rights C. aspirational goals for professional behavior that involve Beneficence/Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for Rights D. general mandates for professional behavior that involve Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, and Justice

C. aspirational goals for professional behavior that involve Beneficence/Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for Rights

Dr. Burgher is the only psychologist in a small town. His daughter's girl scout leader wants to begin seeing Dr. Burgher to work through some family-related problems. As an ethical psychologist, Dr. Burgher should ___________. A. determine the seriousness of the woman's problems and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that evaluation B. see the woman since he is the only psychologist in town and her problems are unrelated to her role as girl scout leader C. assess the potential for exploitation and loss of objectivity and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that assessment D. refuse to see the woman because to do so would constitute a "multiple relationship"

C. assess the potential for exploitation and loss of objectivity and base his decision about seeing the woman on the outcome of that assessment

Research has supported Helms's (1995) prediction that White therapists whose attitudes and beliefs are consistent with the ________ status are most effective when working with clients from racial/ethnic minority groups. A. integrative awareness B. reintegration C. autonomy D. identity commitment

C. autonomy

According to post-2010s research, a persistent focus on suicidality in treatment is associated with: A. decreased rapport B. increased rapport C. decreased suicidality D. increased suicidality

C. decreased suicidality

Past research suggests that a therapist who adopts the role of ___________ may have more success when working with some Asian identified clients. A. egalitarian collaborator B. friendly coach C. knowledgeable expert D. interested listener

C. knowledgeable expert

One of Rick's drives to die is that he is soon to be homeless. He only has 25 days left with a roof over his head and wants to look at options. His therapist, Blake, is unsure of what resources are available in the area for a situation like this. Blake should... A. look up resources out-of-session and get back to Rick B. provide reflections about Rick's anxiety C. look up resources in-session D. have Rick look up resources

C. look up resources in-session

Research investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy as a treatment for depression for older adults suggests that: A. older adults benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy when its duration is brief (less than 12 sessions). B. older adults benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy only when their therapist is the same gender and similar in terms of age. C. older adults benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially when it is conducted at a slower pace. D. older adults are not likely to benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy.

C. older adults benefit from cognitive-behavioral therapy, especially when it is conducted at a slower pace.

You have been seeing Alonzo Alvarez in therapy for over six months and believe he is no longer benefitting from his sessions with you. However, when you discuss the possibility of ending therapy, he says he's very happy with the progress he is making and wants to continue. As an ethical psychologist, you: Select one: A. agree to continue seeing Alonzo for a specified period of time but, at the end of that period, insist on ending therapy. B. agree to continue seeing Alonzo since he is satisfied with the progress of therapy. C. see if additional goals for treatment can be identified but, if not, set a date for termination and provide Alonzo with referrals if appropriate. D. explain to Alonzo that these are normal reactions to the end of therapy and set a date for termination.

C. see if additional goals for treatment can be identified but, if not, set a date for termination and provide Alonzo with referrals if appropriate.

You have a client, Nellie, who is paraplegic. She is completely reliant on her daughter for all care. The only thing she can do independently is talk. She states she is a burden and spends most of her sessions discussing plans to die that she is physically unable to carry out. What is your BEST course of action in the next session? A. remind her of the survivor's guilt her daughter would feel if she killed herself B. use reflections to let her know you acknowledge her pain C. task her with making someone else smile each day D. walk her through thought errors addressing the belief that she is a burden

C. task her with making someone else smile each day

You have been seeing Sal Smythe in individual therapy for several months, and the work-related issues he originally sought therapy for are nearly resolved. During your current session with Sal, he mentions that his 14-year-old son has been getting into trouble in school lately and asks if you would be willing to see the boy in individual therapy. You should: A. agree to see his son in therapy if you have experience working with adolescents B. agree to see his son in therapy only after determining that the boy's problems are unrelated to Sal's issues C. tell Sal that you cannot see his son in therapy and provide him with several referrals D. agree to see his son in therapy only after discussing issues related to confidentiality with Sal and his son.

C. tell Sal that you cannot see his son in therapy and provide him with several referrals

A client is in therapy with you as part of the requirements for her probation. During the third therapy session, she tells you that she wants to quit therapy. You should _________________________. A. call her probation officer immediately B. tell her that her desire to quit is normal resistance and that she should come to therapy for at least two more sessions before making a decision C. tell her that she can quit but that she needs to consider the legal ramifications of doing so D. tell her that she cannot do so

C. tell her that she can quit but that she needs to consider the legal ramifications of doing so

When a person admits they want to die, the BEST initial response is to: A. file mental hygiene B. say nothing and let them talk C. use reflections D. offer reassurance, advice, and encouragement of recovery

C. use reflections

You are preparing to send materials for your Oral Examination to the Board of Examiners of Psychologists. You have to provide materials about your competence. Competence refers to ________. A. your ability to understand certain psychological specialty topics, such as REBT B. your degree combined with your list of Quarterly hours in all 3 main areas of practice C. your ability to practice with a certain population or to use certain therapies D. your EPPP score record, divided into domain sections showing strengths

C. your ability to practice with a certain population or to use certain therapies

You are assessing a child who has lived in the US his whole life. The child's mother is from South Sudan and the child's father is from the US. The mother is the one who meets with you and thoroughly completes the intake interview and new patient form, describing a variety of issues she would like investigated. After she leaves without incident, you notice she identified her child on the new patient form as "White." You do a double-take when you see the form. As a culturally-competent psychologist, your BEST course of action is to.... A. Ignore the mistake. B. Correct the new patient form to avoid misidentification of the client. C. Gently ask the mother why her African-American son is identified as White on the form so that it can be corrected prior to testing. D. Identify the child as having a White American father and a South Sudanese mother in the narrative section of the report.

D. Identify the child as having a White American father and a South Sudanese mother in the narrative section of the report.

Dr. Ell has a caseload of 50. Assuming Dr. Ell is no better or worse than any other psychologist, estimates from the 2000s to 2010s would indicate that roughly ______ of Dr. Ell's patients will be worse off after treatment than they were at intake. A. 5 to 8 B. 15 to 18 C. 25 to 40 D. 2 to 4

D. 2 to 4

______________________ may occur when members of a cultural minority have negative interactions with members of the dominant culture. A. Cultural encapsulation B. Cultural humility C. Microaggressions D. Acculturative stress

D. Acculturative stress

Carmin, a WV supervised psychologist, works at an agency that is not gender-affirming. Her supervisor, meanwhile, "does not believe" in gender-confirming surgeries. Jeanne, meets criteria for Gender Dysphoria. Carmin expresses verbal affirmation of Jeanne's transition but states she is unable to provide evaluations for surgery. She offers to look up and call other professionals and agencies. A. Carmin should have met with her supervisor about the APA Guidelines for Practice with Transgender People to encourage her supervisor to provide gender-affirming care. B. Carmin should not have developed a contract with a supervisor who does not provide gender-affirming care. C. Carmin should have received training in pre-surgical evaluation for gender dysphoria. D. All of this could have been done over the phone without intake.

D. All of this could have been done over the phone without intake.

___________ refers to negative attitudes that are based on sexual orientation, whether the target identifies as homosexual, bisexual, or heterosexual. A. Sexual stigma B. Heterosexism C. Homophobia D. Sexual prejudice

D. Sexual prejudice

The following client is the LEAST likely to feel better upon discovering they have used irrational thinking to come to their conclusion. A. a Black client B. a male client C. an Asian client D. a female client

D. a female client

During trauma-processing with a Black female client who was raped four times in her life, the therapist correctly focuses on exposure, mindfulness, empathy, and de-escalation. What aspect did the therapist miss during the processing? A. a focus on the client's oppression B. a focus on folk or indigenous healing C. a focus on the client's gender identity D. a focus on the client's resilience

D. a focus on the client's resilience

Dr. Everett, a licensed psychologist, has recently started a practice in a small town. He learns from a mutual friend that Dr. Cohen (also a psychologist) has been revealing confidential information about some of her clients to members of the community. Dr. Everett should __________. A. obtain consents from the clients and file a complaint with the Ethics Committee. B. contact the clients to let them know what he has heard. C. do nothing since the information about Dr. Cohen is hearsay. D. consult with a colleague about the situation.

D. consult with a colleague about the situation.

Male friendships are often marked by A. venting stress and offering empathy B. exchanging of topics of interest and advice for coping C. venting stress and offering advice D. exchanging of jokes, topics of interest, and advice

D. exchanging of jokes, topics of interest, and advice

A Chinese-American client tells you that he doesn't identify with either Chinese or White culture. In terms of Berry et al.'s (1987) model of acculturation, this client is best described as: A. alienated B. encapsulated C. separated D. marginalized

D. marginalized

An advantage of using treatment manuals in clinical practice is that they: A. make it easier for a clinician to adapt a treatment to the individual needs of a client. B. ensure that the clinician incorporates effective nonspecific factors into an intervention. C. reduce the need for training and supervision in the selection and application of empirically supported treatments. D. provide the clinician with concrete examples that illustrate the appropriate application of an intervention.

D. provide the clinician with concrete examples that illustrate the appropriate application of an intervention.

Dr. Cecelia Cooper, a licensed psychologist, is planning a longitudinal study to identify environmental contributors to drug abuse. Her study will involve interviewing drug and non-drug users and their families several times over a five-year period and will require that she maintain participants' names, addresses, and phone numbers in her files. Dr. Cooper is concerned about the confidentiality of her participants. Dr. Cooper: A. should always obtain an informed consent from a participant prior to testifying about him/her in court. B. should not be concerned about confidentiality since the participants' privilege will be waived in this situation. C. need not be concerned about confidentiality since it will be both legal and ethical for her to refuse to testify about the participants in court. D. should inform her participants of the possible limits of confidentiality as part of the informed consent process.

D. should inform her participants of the possible limits of confidentiality as part of the informed consent process.

To be consistent with ethical requirements, when a psychologist realizes that a dual (multiple) relationship is unavoidable, the psychologist should _________. A. consult with a member of the Ethics Committee to determine the best course of action B. resolve the issue by terminating with the client and referring him or her to another therapist "as early as is feasible" C. discuss the situation with the affected person "as early as is feasible" D. take reasonable steps to resolve the issue in a way that protects the best interests of the affected person

D. take reasonable steps to resolve the issue in a way that protects the best interests of the affected person