ETHICS MIDTERM REVIEWER
Essential Definition of Philosophy
"Science of all sciences", Mother of all science", or the "Search for the ultimate meaning of reality"
Different behavior, different times
. SEQUENTIAL DILEMMA
Types of Dilemma
1. CLASSIC DILEMMAS 2. TEMPORAL DILEMMA 3. ORTHOGONAL DILEMMA 4. SEQUENTIAL DILEMMA 5. UNEQUAL DILEMMA
Types of Culture
1. Hight Culture 2. Cultural Diversity 3. Subculture 4. Popular Culture 5.Multiculturalism 6. Global Culture
TYPES OF MORAL DILEMMA
1. PERSONAL DILEMMA 2. ORGANIZATIONAL DILEMMA 3. SYSTEMATIC DILEMMA
who realize that reason is specifically a distinguishing attribute that elevates human far over and above all living creatures.
Aristotle
possesses a distinct moral/ethical behavior that makes us unique in our culture, dealing with socio-politicalcultural difficulties and challenges.
Asian Moral Character
spirit manifest our close relationship with our neighbor.
Bayanihan
there is a hero's blood running on our veins. We have the most fearless heroes who only think of defending our homeland.
Bravery-
encourages its practitioners to keep their emotions and passions in check and stresses karma over determination.
Buddhism Character / Theraveda Buddhism
Different criteria, same behavior
CLASSIC DILEMMAS
wisdom, in terms of discerning right and wrong;
Chih
one of the biggest flaws define as a preference for all things foreign over our own.
Colonial Mentality
emphasis on obligations to the community rather just individual rights and preference for consultation rather than open confrontation.
Confucian Character
embedded deep within our system and reinforced by a complex web of economic and social factors which include personal ambitions and
Corruption
his is prevalent in politics where people tend to push each other down to clear the way for their own gain. Simply put, this refers to the behavior of preventing someone from achieving something to jealousy or envy
Crab Mentality
an aggregate of the learned beliefs, attitudes, values, norms and customs of a society or group of people, shared by them and transmitted from generation to generation within the society.
Culture
principle that surrounds the moral development of the people that may not always promote what is good and jus for all
Culture
the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of the culture itself. This is understood as uniqueness of every culture from each other.
Culture Relativism
Moral relativism is...
Descriptive meta-ethical normative
ORTHOGONAL DILEMMA
Different behaviors, different criteria
difficult situation in which an individual is confronted to choose between two or more alternative actions to resolve the problem
Dilemma
many of our problems, both personal and social, there politicians don't have a delicadeza but is lack of analysis or reflection. our people, especially the Filipinas, still
Discretion and Dignity
Concept of love?
Eros (intimate love? Philia (brotherly love) Agape (Christian Love)
Theory that hold that morality is relative to the norms of one's culture. That is, whether an actions is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced.
Ethical Relativism
branch of philosophy that deals with the principles of conduct of an individual or group. It works as a guiding principle as to decide what action to take either the good or the bad.
Ethics
Family centeredness results to a lack of concern for the common good and acts as a block to national consciousness.
Extreme Family Centeredness
no separation between objective task and emotional involvement.
Extreme Personalism
our innate religiosity enables us to comprehend and genuinely accept reality in the context of God's will and plan.
Faith and Religiosity
the Filipinos are one of the most faithful people in the world. Our faithfulness keep us kind, positive, peaceful and determined to achieve our goals no m
Faithfulness
- Filipinos are willing to make big sacrifices just to make sure that their loved ones will have a good life.
Family-oriented
an attitude of "what goes around, comes around" or "come what may". We have the tendency to surrender our future to fate.
Fatalism
elated to mañana habit, Filipino time refers to the Filipinos' own unique brand of time, which is known to be minutes or hours behind the standard time.
Filipino Time
we can adjust to circumstances and surrounding environment, both physical and social; adjust to whatever happens even in unplanned or anticipated events.
Flexibility, Adaptability and Creativity
Filipinos are known law abiding individuals but with stronger inclination to disregard these laws. Ironically, Filipinos abroad follows rules and laws because they know they cannot get away with not following them.
General Disregard for Rules
- Filipinos are fond of talking about others' business. It is not true that only women are into gossiping even men.
Gossiping
aside from being hospitable, Filipinos are also thankful. We don't forget anyone who helped us.
Gratefulness
we have the capacity for hard work given proper conditions; raise one's standard of living and to possess the essentials of a decent life for one's family.
Hard Work and Industry
even if Philippines is not a big and rich country, we still grant aids to other countries in need.
Helpfulness
perhaps "palabra de honor" is not evident among our politicians, but it's still evident among the common Filipinos. When we make promise, we try our best to fulfill that promise even if it will undermine ourselves
Honesty and Commitment
we usually friendly and welcoming to our guest.
Hospitability
¨ loyalty and good faith.;
Hsin
who said that "morality was based on reason alone, and once we understood it, we would see that acting morally is the same as acting rationally."
Immanuel Kant
develop a cultured, well-defined and well-rounded individual
Impotance of studying Philosophy
benevolence in terms of sympathy for others;
Jen
FIVE CARDINAL VIRTUES
Jen Yi Li Chih Hsin
Filipinos have a cheerful and fun-loving approach to life, a sense of humor and propensity for happiness.
Joy and Humor
Filipinos have a selfish, self-serving attitude that generates a feeling of envy and competitiveness towards others, particularly one's peer who seem to have gained some status or prestige.
Kanya-kanya Syndrome
Our lack of discipline results in efficient and wasteful work systems violation of rules leading to a more serious transgression.
Lack of Discipline
There is a tendency in the Filipino to be a superficial and even somewhat flighty. In the face of serious
Lack of Self-analysis and Selfreflection
manners, propriety, and feelings of deference;
Li
What are the major disciplines in Philosophy
Logic Epistemology Metaphysics Aesthetics Cosmology Theodicy Social Philosophy Ethics
defined as any situation in which the person making the decision experiences a conflict between the moral rightness of a decision and the quality of the produces.
MORAL DILEMMA
refer to the social, cultural and religious beliefs or values practiced overtime by an individual or group which direct people to do what is customarily allowable as right or refrain from those that society prohibits as "taboo" or wrong.
Moral
the view that moral judgements are true or false only relative to some particular standpoint (for instance, that of a culture or a historical period) and that no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others. It is the idea that there is no universal or absolute set of moral principles.
Moral Relativism
These are set of norms in society in accord to moral principles that supposed to determine about kind of actions people believe are morally right and deter them from doing what is considered as wrong.
Moral Standards
someone who is capable of doing things rightly or wrongly.
Moral agent
What one believes to be the right things to do.
Moral behavior
laws or commands that allow specifics actions to be committed or those that disallow actions contrary to these norms.
Moral standards
Translated to "burning cogon grass" in English, this idiom is meant to illustrate how Filipinos initially exhibit great enthusiasm at the beginning of a project.
Ningas-kugon
one reason why we sometimes exert half-hearted effort in our undertakings is due to this attitude.
Ningas-kugon
the principals and standards by which businesses operate, according to Reference for Business.
ORGANIZATIONAL DILEMMA
these are situations in which an individual has a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion.
PERSONAL DILEMMA
Philosophy and other Sciences
PHILOSPHY AND SCIENCE HISTORY MATHEMATICS RELIGION
basic sense of justice and fairness, concern for others and ability to emphathize with others.
Pakikipagkapwa tao
- Filipinos' lack of initiative for change is also one reason why our country does not progress. We keep on complaining against the government and other societal issues. However, we do not do anything about them.
Passivity (lack of leadership)
another habit which keeps the development of our country slow. Instead of working on a task while there is much time, we wait for the deadline because we feel lazy to start on them, or we want to use the time in other things.
Procrastination or Mañana Habit
The term philosophy was first coined by a Greek Philosopher, who?
Pythagoras
who explains that no ethics is likewise possible without human freedom.
Quito, 2008
- Filipinos are persistent enough to get back on their feet. We can also adapt to any type of environment and mingle with any kind of people all over the world.
Resilience
Some of our smartest countrymen can come up with brilliant idea despite poverty and lack of financial resources. We are also good in recycling trash and turn them into ingenious products.
Resourcefulness and Creativity
Filipinos are courteous people. The children and young Filipinos will use "po" and "opo" to show respect to someone who is older or who has higher position than them.
Respectful
that tell what we are allowed to do and what we are not allowed to do. These are stated to help us achieve success and meet the common goals in society
Rules
the conformity and compliance of each member to the expected code of conduct to be manifested in the agency/workplace.
SYSTEMATIC DILEMMA
according to who? he showed that human is free physically, yet bound to obey the law ''like to do and the ought to do''.
Saint Augustine
In popular mind it is something obscure, weird an idiosyncratic. It has a dynamic meaning, drawing out its relevance from its own time and event. according to who
Santiago, 1996
the Philippines is a country of smiles.
Sense of Humor
Filipinos possess a genuine and deep love for family, source of personal identity, emotional and material support.
Strong Family Ties
Same process, different criteria applied at a different time
TEMPORAL DILEMMA
it is also essential that the agents should have the capacity to rise above their feelings, passions, and act for the sake of moral law. according to who?
The Kantian Version
we shop wisely to save our money for future important uses. We are conscious on the price tag, discounts and quality of the products we buy to get the most out of our money
Thriftiness
The dilemma is split across unequal status
UNEQUAL DILEMMA
duty reflected in the same felt after doing something wrong;
Yi
Ethos a greek word meaning?
characteristics
concept relating to culturally embedded differences within society, it's the fact that different cultures exist alongside each other.
cultural diversity
mos a latin word meaning?
customs
teach how human ought to live
ethics
Set of rules that govern human actions to ensure mutual respect and cooperation
ethics and morality
the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint
freedom
key feature of globalization, they emerge due to feauture of migration, trends in international travel and spread of the media, exposing people to the same dominant world companies.
global culture
Linked with elite, upper class society, those families and individual with an ascribed status position.
high culture
one who acts with will and knowledge and holds responsible for the acts.
human
3 imperatives of ethics
human freedom existence of God immorality of the soul
this is a principle of justice holding that decisions or judgement on something or someone should be objective not on the basis of bias or prejudice to favor someone irrationally.
impartiality
Who said that, freedom is the source of all value. it is the highest order of life.
kant
Philos meaning?
love
philos sophia
love of/for wisdom
different ethnic groups living alongside each other
multiculturalism
it borrows the idea from high culture and popularizes it. making it available for the masses.
popular culture
this enables us to think and reflect over actions that we intend to do and decide which of them to take
reason
culture enjoyed by a small group within the society. they have distinct norms and values which make them sub-section of society.
subculture
Sophia meaning
wisdome
BASIC MORAL PROHIBITION BASED ON BUDDHISM
¨ Refrain for taking life ¨ Don't steal ¨ Avoid illicit sexual activity ¨ Don't speak falsely ¨ Refrain from consuming inebriating substances
Importance of culture
• Culture affects perception • Culture influences behavior • Culture shapes personality • Culture shapes our value and belief system
