Ethics Q's

Which are techniques to increase self-awareness?SATA a. tune in your breathing b. ask others how they are feeling c. pay attention to how you feel physically d. explain the correct values to pts e. pay attention to how you feel emotionally

A,C, E- tune in your breathing, pay attention to how you feel physically, pay attention to how you feel emotionally

Nurse Joyce views her job as providing a service that her employer contracts with each pt. She is annoyed by colleagues who "waste money" by using office supplies, even when using them is necessary to communicate about disease or facilitate pt advocacy. Joyce's mindset indicates her primary loyalty is to: a. the pt b. employer c. her alma mater d. the relevant physician

b employer

The two aspects of caring in health care ethics are: a. "caring about" and "relinquishing care of" b. "caring about" and "taking care of" c. "taking care of" and "relinquishing care of" d. "not caring about" and "taking care of"

b. "caring about" and "taking care of"

How does noncompliance relate to autonomy? a. noncompliance is necessary for autonomy b. autonomy eliminates noncompliance c. autonomy may be misinterpreted as noncompliance d. compliance is necessary for any level of autonomy

autonomy may be misinterpreted as noncompliance

Which of the following is a potential source of malpractice claims against nurses? a. failure to properly assess and monitor b. failure to administer meds improperly c. ability to communicate d. ability to act

a. failure to properly assess and monitor

T/F: Tenacity is based on discovering truth; it seeks what is real

false

Poliocy development flows from personal values and all ethical principles, particularly of beneficience and: a. statutes b. noncompliance c. veracity d. justice

d. justice

The Hebrew religion's Mosaic health code included principles related to food, rest, sleep, cleanliness, childbearing, and _________. A. ecology B. work C. climate D. hygiene

hygiene

T/F: Almost 1/3 of homeless population are children

true

T/F: nursing's contemporary self-perception reflects the legal metaphor of pt advocacy rather than the military metaphor of loyal soldier

true

T/F: the origin of the word "power" means to do or act, and to "empower" means to facilitate the ability of another person to do or act

true

Which of the following is included in the right to fair treatment? SATA a. selecting participants based on the research needs, not the convenience or compromised position of a group of ppl b. equitably distributing the risks and benefits of the research among participants, regardless of age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic background c. distributing the risks and benefits of the research among participants based on age, gender, etc. d. honoring any agreements made or benefits promised

a. selecting participants based on the research needs, not the convenience or compromised position of a group of ppl b. equitably distributing the risks and benefits of the research among participants, regardless of age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic background d. honoring any agreements made or benefits promised

Awareness of various factors that influence _________ empowers nurses to work to counter negative influence. a. self image b. how others see you c. how others see nurses d. how nurses see you

a. self image

The minimum expectations for safe nursing care are described in: a. standards of nursing practice b. codes of ethics c. the nightingale pledge d. the affordable care act

a. standards of nursing practice

Formal laws that are written and enacted by federal, state, or local legislatures are called _____________. a. statutory laws b. nursing laws c. common laws d. administrative laws

a. statutory laws

Because of concern that health care providers will not adhere to personal wishes regarding end of life issues, fears about prolonged suffering resulting from prolongation of dying, and lack of control that each of these engenders, many people consider the possibility of: a. antivaccination b. assisted suicide c. avoiding hospice d. complementary suicide

b. assisted suicide

Which of the following enhances the effectiveness of delegation? a. chastisement in front of coworkers b. clear communication c. delegation of assessment tasks d. delegation to workers untrained in tasks

b. clear communication

Which is true? a. in decisions that involve practical dilemmas, moral claims have less weight than nonmoral claims b. in decisions that involve practical dilemmas, moral claims have more weight than nonmoral claims c. in decisions that involve practical dilemmas, moral claims and nonmoral claims have the same weight. d. practical dilemmas do not create conflict between moral and nonmoral claims

b. in decisions that involve practical dilemmas, moral claims have more weight than nonmoral claims

The inner process of empowerment is facilitated when knowledge and resources are offered within the environment of: a. isolation b. mutal respect and support c. high demands and isolation d. unreasonable expectations

b. mutal respect and support

Nurse Joan notices that Sam's chart has a do not resuscitate (DNR) order. She wonders why Sam is being treated for pneumonia, if CPR is not to be performed. The reason for this apparent discrepancy is: a. DNR only applies to cardiac resuscitation b. DNR also means do not treat c. DNR does not mean do not treat d. DNR should be removed from Sam's chart

c. DNR does not mean do not treat

Rules and regulations enacted by state boards of nursing are examples of __________________. a. common laws b. constiutional laws c. administrative laws d. statutes

c. administrative laws

rules and regulations enacted by state boards of nursing are examples of __________ a. common laws b. constitutional laws c. administrative laws d. statutes

c. administrative laws

in order to create a unique body of knowledge for nursing, and striving to meet the criteria set by Flexner and the Bixlers, nursing began to _________. a. reject professionalism b. write letters to state boards c. conduct research d. reject science

c. conduct research

Where needs or demands for health care by autonomous pts may exceed available resources, autonomy may conflict with: a. informed consent b. self-determination c. justice d. living wills

c. justice

Which stages belong to Level 1 of Kholberg's theory of moral development? a. the stage of prior rights and social contract or utility and the stage of universal ethical prinicples b. the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity and the stage of social system and conscience maintenance c. the stage of punishment and obedience: the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange d. the stage of social system and coscience maintanence and the stages of prior rights and social contract or utility

c. the stage of punishment and obedience, the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange

What is the nurse's first obligation? a. collegues b. physicians c. employer d. patient

d. patient

Nurse Miles works at a skilled nursing facility. Miles told a pt that he wil check back with her in 2-30 min to be sure the pain medication just administered has taken effect. Miles makes sure to return to the pt at the appointed time. Miles is exhibiting ___________. a. discernment b. trustworthiness c. compassion d. selfishness

trustworthiness

Exclusion of women from _______ during th eMiddle Ages meant that the only women allowed by the church to practice healing arts were in religious nursing orders. a. universities b. agrciulture c. churches d. courts

universities

what is the correct order of steps in the nurse coaching process? 1. structure the coaching interaction focused on attaining goals 2. support the clients plan for reaching their goals 3. identify client concerns, strengths, and opportunities and issues 4. assist client in establishing goals that focus on desired change 5. establish the relationship and assess client readiness for change 6. assist client in determining the extent to which their goals were achieved a. 5 3 4 1 2 6 b. 5 3 1 2 6 4 c. 3 4 1 2 5 6 d. 3 4 5 2 1 6

a. 5 3 4 1 2 6 -establish the relationship and assess client readiness for change -identify client concerns, strengths, and opportunities and issues -assist client in establishing goals that focus on desired change - structure the coaching interaction focused on attaining goals -support the clients plan for reaching their goals -assist client in determining the extent to which their goals were achieved

Values are acquired in which of the following ways: SATA a. Through instruction by parents b. Through socialization c. Through instruction by teachers d. Through payment of dues e. Through instruction by religious leaders

a. Through instruction by parents b. Through socialization c. Through instruction by teachers e. Through instruction by religious leaders

Which of the following should be included in informed consent? SATA a. a statement that the study involves research, an explanation of the purpose, and expected duration of student's participation b. no description of alternative treatments, if any, that might be advantageous to the subject c. a description of any reasonably forseeable risks or discomforts to the participant d. a description of any benefits to the participant or to others that may be reasonably be expected from the research e. a disclosure of appropriate alternative procedures or courses of treatment, if any, that might be advantageous to the subject

a. a statement that the study involves research, an explanation of the purpose, and expected duration of student's participation c. a description of any reasonably forseeable risks or discomforts to the participant d. a description of any benefits to the participant or to others that may be reasonably be expected from the research e. a disclosure of appropriate alternative procedures or courses of treatment, if any, that might be advantageous to the subject

Jeremy, 43, and Carol, 37, have spoken with their ob about risks because of Carol's advanced maternal age. They will be using in vitrio fertilization (IVF) and so elected to have a procedure that determines the genetic flaws and gender prior to having the embryo implanted. What is the name of that procedure? a. genetic diagnosis b. chorionic villus sampling c. amniocentesis d. genetic engineering

a. genetic diagnosis

Which of the following contributes to establishing nursing as a profession? SATA a. having a code of ethics b. being an exclusive group that meets societal needs c. being an organized occupation preceded by lengthly training d. considering nursing as a job, not a calling

a. having a code of ethics b. being an exclusive group that meets societal needs c. being an organized occupation preceded by lengthly training

Which of the following is true regarding the Civil Rights Act of 1964? SATA a. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against any individual because of the person's race b. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against any individual because of the person's color c. primarily protects the rights of caucasians and minorities d. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against any individual because of the person's religion e. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate to against any individual because of the person's national origin

a. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against any individual because of the person's race b. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against any individual because of the person's color d. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against any individual because of the person's religion e. made it unlawful for an employer to discriminate to against any individual because of the person's national origin

Josie, age 87, has lived at Manor Care (a skilled nursing facility) for 10 years. Josie has just been diagnosed with Stage 4 Cancer. She has seen the oncologist who told her there is little chance of surviving chemo, that chemo would be painful and cause much suffering, and that her quality of life would be much better by choosing palliative care now. He said that the combination of her age and diagnosis would qualify her for hospice care as another option. Josie's nurse, Estelle, talks with Josie about her choices, and helps Josie realize that to have the chemo would be an exercise in: a. medical futility b. palliation c. medical utility d. euthanasia

a. medical futility

Barriers to empowerment include: SATA a. patients lack of knowledge b. patients full understanding of resources c. mistrust by pt d. nurse unwillingness to share decision making power with pts

a. patients lack of knowledge c. mistrust by pt d. nurse unwillingness to share decision making power with pts

Nurses have the ethical obligation to ensure the safety of participants in research. This means: SATA a. persons have the right to choose whether or not to participate in research as a human subject b. nurses must ensure that participants have received sufficient info to make an informed decision about participation c. once they agree, participants need to stay in the study till it ends for the benefits of the research d. participants need to understand their right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the study at any time without fear of consequence

a. persons have the right to choose whether or not to participate in research as a human subject b. nurses must ensure that participants have received sufficient info to make an informed decision about participation d. participants need to understand their right to decline to participate and to withdraw from the study at any time without fear of consequence

Colette wants to drink "Essiac Tea" to treat her lung cancer, in addition to receiving chemo. Colette's nurse, Grace, makes sure to not discount the value of the tea because she recognizes: a. pts have the right to use complementary therapies b. pts have the right to use complementary therapies if they are evidenced-based c. pts do not have the right to use complementary therapies d. most pts tell their medical practioner that they are using complementary therapies

a. pts have the right to use complementary therapies

Which of the following is included in the right to fair treatment? SATA a. selecting participants based on the research based on the research needs, not on the convenience or compromised position of a group of people b. equitably distributing the risks and benefits of the research among participants, regardless of age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic background c. distributing the risks and benefits of the research among participants based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic background d. honoring any agreements made or benefits promised

a. selecting participants based on the research based on the research needs, not on the convenience or compromised position of a group of people b. equitably distributing the risks and benefits of the research among participants, regardless of age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, or ethnic background d. honoring any agreements made or benefits promised

What are the components of nursing malpractice? SATA a. the nurse had a duty to the pt b. there was a breach of that duty c. there was no breach of that duty d. injury, harm, or damage might have occured to the pt e. injury, harm, or damage did occur to the pt f. the harm or damage was caused by the breach of duty

a. the nurse had a duty to the pt b. there was a breach of that duty e. injury, harm, or damage did occur to the pt f. the harm or damage was caused by the breach of duty

Nurse Losang is concerned about a situation at work. She views healt care as a basic human need and a right for each person, so what she perceives as the denial of complete care to people who are uninsured is very upsetting to her. Losang's mindset reflects that her primary respnsibility is to: a. the pt b. employer c. her alma mater d. the relevant physician

a. the pt

Which stages belong to Level 3 of Kholberg's theory of moral development? a. the stage of prior rights and social contract or utility and the stage of universal ethical prinicples b. the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity and the stage of social system and conscience maintenance c. the stage of punishment and obedience: the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange d. the stage of social system and coscience maintanence and the stages of prior rights and social contract or utility

a. the stage of prior rights and social contract or utility and the stage of universal ethical prinicples

Nurses are said to be autonomous because: a. they have the authority to make decisions about the care they provide within nursing practice boundaries b. physicians take the responsibility for nursing errors c. they can blame nursing assistants for errors d. they have the authority to follow physicians orders within nursing practice boundaries

a. they have the authority to make decisions about the care they provide within nursing practice boundaries

What stage of Fowler's Faith Development is rarely attained? a. universalizing faith b. mythic-literal faith c. individual-reflective faith d. intuitive- prjective faith

a. universalizing faith

Rule that the greatest good to the greasted number? a. utilitarian b. libertarian c. communitarian d. eglaitarian

a. utilitarian

Which type of utilitarianism allows for times when the overall consequences may be better if a guideline is not followed? a. act-utilitarianism b. rule-utilitarianism c. neither a nor b d. both a and b

act

Nurse James has cared for an elderly resident, Ralph, for years at an assisted living facility. Recently, Ralph had several transient ischemic attacks, or mini-strokes as Ralph calls them. They resulted in the loss of all verbal ability. Ralph becomes agitated when an assistant tries to use dry shampoo on him. The assistant reports to James, who explains, "Ralph prefers to have his hair washed in the shower." What is the term for James' speaking on Ralph's behalf? a. informed consent b. advocacy c. paternalism d. compliance

advocacy

What nursing characteristic is most closely tied to pt empowerment? a. justice b. nonmalefience c. noncompliance d. advocacy

advocacy

The Socratic method is shown when two people presnt opposing opinions and __________. a. direct each other's behavior b. insist on their own viewpoint c. give each other the answers d. ask each other questions

ask each other questions

A cardiologist suggests to a family to have a heart monitor implanted in their 93-year-old father who has congestive heart failure. The procedure will require general anesthesia, which has some risks because of their father's decreased pulmonary capacity. However, myocardial infarctions (like the one that accelerated the congestive heart failure) will be easily detected once the heart monitor is in place. Which two principles must be weighed in making the decision? a. justice and veracity b. beneficence and nonmaleficence c. veracity and nonmaleficence d. justice and beneficence

b. beneficence and nonmaleficence

The ANA Code of Ethics recognizes that the duties of confidentiality are not absolute. In what instances may these duties be modified? SATA a. to enhamce hospital marketing b. for public safety c. to protect the pt d. for personal gain

b. for public safety c. to protect the pt

if you feel discomfort when reason is pointing to a particular answer to an ethical decison, what should you do? a. ignore the discomfort b. further explore reasonable arguments and your reactions c. go with the most reasonable choice d. discount others emotional reactions as well as your own

b. further explore reasonable arguments and your reactions

Nurse John feels that elective abortion is always murder, He did not realize when he was hired that the hospital where he works will perform abortions in certain instances, such as when the mother's life is in danger. John reviews his ethics text; he finds this chapter that explains that nurses who cannot reconcile their values with a particular situation need to take the necessary steps to: a. change the situation b. remove themselves from the situation c. change their values d. change the institution creating the situation

b. remove themselves from the situation

An oncologist explains to an elderly pt with stage 4 cancer, that two more rounds of chemo have been ordered. You know from the medical record that the chemo has not been effective and that the pt suffers terribly with each round. You have noticed that this oncologist gives "extra" rounds to terminal pts. You are thoroughly disgusted with this physician and would like to report the behavior to the medical board, but you think the oncologist may retaliate and you would lost your job. At what stage of moral reckoning are you? a. stage of ease b. situational bind c. stage of resolution d. stage of reflection

b. situational bind

Which stages belong to Level 2 of Kholberg's theory of moral development? a. the stage of prior rights and social contract or utility and the stage of universal ethical prinicples b. the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity and the stage of social system and conscience maintenance c. the stage of punishment and obedience: the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange d. the stage of social system and coscience maintanence and the stages of prior rights and social contract or utility

b. the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity and the stage of social system and conscience maintenance

What is the correct order of the steps in ethical decision-making? 1. evaluate outcomes 2. implement the strategy 3. gather data 4. explore strategies 5. articulate the problem a. 5 4 3 2 1 b. 1 2 3 5 4 c. 5 3 4 2 1 d. 3 5 4 2 1

c. 5 3 4 2 1 -articulate the problem -gather data -explore strategies -implement the strategy -evaluate outcomes

The principles laid out in a consititution, coupled with a description of how these principles are to be interpreted and carried out, form the basis of _________________. a. statutory law b. administrative law c. consitutional law d. nursing law

c. consitutional law

the principles laid out in consitution, coupled with a description of how these principles are to be interpreted and carried out, form the basis of ________________. a. statutory law b. administrative law c. constitutional law d. nursing law

c. constitutional law

What is a good initial step if you see something at work that you think is unethical or illegal? a. talk about it with your friend b. talk about it at lunch with ppl you just met c. document instances that give you concern d. take it to management right away, and let them know how furious you are

c. document instances that give you concern

Josie started work last week in a new department. She was surprised to overhear Nurse Layla spreading a rumor about a coworker. What is the term for Layla's behavior? a. bullying b. libel c. incivility d. compassion

c. incivility

Tomas discovers that the facility where he works has stopped feeding a resisdent, Paul. Paul's barium swallow test showed that food is entering Paul's lungs. Paul's physician has recommended placement of a PEG (stomach) tube, so that Paul does not get pneumonia. Paul does not want the PEG tube, and understands that he will get pneumonia if he eats normally. Paul complains to Tomas that he is hungry. Tomas is angry that his facility does not support Paul's autonomy. Tomas is experiencing: a. values affirmation b. overt values c. moral distress d. self-awareness

c. moral distress

A subjective appraisal of factors that make life worth living is : a. hospice b. life review c. quality of life d. insurance determination

c. quality of life

Choose the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development: a. formal operations, preoperative, concrete operations, sensorimotor b. sensorimotor, concrete operations, preoperative, formal operations c. sensorimotor, preoperative, concrete operations, formal operation d. preoperative, sensorimotor, concrete operations, formal operations

c. sensorimotor, preoperative, concrete operations, formal operation

Calvin had an advanced directive explaining that when two or more physicians agreed that there was no hope of him surviving, any life support should be removed if started, and no new measures were to be taken except those that would eliminate pain. Calvin was in a coma owing to kidney failure, but his children wanted to start a feeding tube. The physician refused because the purpose of the advanced directive is to: a. prevent pt from starving b. prevent organ failure c. support ppl in making decisions on their own behalf, and help to ensure that pts have the kind of end of life care that they want d. support ppt in making decisions on their own behalf, but help to ensure that pts have the kind of end of life care their family wants for them

c. support ppl in making decisions on their own behalf, and help to ensure that pts have the kind of end of life care that they want

What significance do uncertainty, context, and multiple stakeholders have with regards to ethical decisions? a. they are predictable b. they only relate to autonomy c. they are intervening factors d. they simplify ethical decisions

c. they are intervening factors

When personal values are at odds with those of pts., colleagues, or an institution, this situation is termed ____________. a. values clarification b. moral apathy c. values conflict d. self-awareness

c. values conflict

Which imperative is the Kantian maxim requiring that no action can be judged as right that cannot reasonably become a law by which every person should always abide? a. utilitarian b. triage c. practical d. categorical

categorical

The Crusades led to depolarable sanitary conditions, faitgues, poor nutrition, diarrhea, and the spread of _________________. a. hygienic practices b. communicable diseases c. inclusiveness d. increaed tolerance

communicable diseases

Student nurse Adele has a summer internship in her hometown's hospital. Some of the pts for whom she cares are people she has known since childhood. After a shift, she stops at a grocery store, where she sees a cousin, Todd, one of her pts. Todd asks how his cousin is doing. Adele tries changing the subject, but Todd persists wiht his question until Adele says firmly, "I can't say." Adele is upholding ___________________. a. nonmaleficience b. beneficence c. justice d. confidentiality

confidentiality

Nursing students Sydney and Vanessa worked together on their senior research project. Sydney collected the data and plotted the results; Vanessa wrote the other sections, including the summary and conclusions. You have talked with Sydney and are surprised when you read the paper, because Vanessa concluded about the meaning of the data is not what Sydney found. This means that Vanessa has failed to exercise: a. informed consent b. beneficience c. respect for human dignity d. ethical treatment of data

d. ethical treatment of data

Which of the following is a potential source of malpractice claims against nurses? a. ability to act b. ability to communicate c. failure to use medical equipment improperly d. failure to properly plan and administer nursing care

d. failure to properly plan and administer nursing care

In order to understand how culture affects our own values, the first step is to: a. identify other culture's perspectives b. criticize other culture's values c. criticize our own culture's values d. identify our own cultural perspectives

d. identify our own cultural perspectives

How does a power imbalance- real or perceived- affect the decision-making process? a. it promotes data collection b. it promotes honest and open discourse c. it is a stake holder d. it inhibits honest and open discourse

d. it inhibits honest and open discourse

In order to acknowledge similarities and differences in values when interacting with others, you should first: a. avoid discussing your values with family b. insist that you have adopted the intitution's values c. debate values with coworkers d. know your own values

d. know your own values

Expertise is vital to the nursing profession because: a. expertise eliminates the need for beneficence b. professionals must have knowledge to avoid ethical behavior c. expertise can replace autonomy d. knowledge and skills are required to meet society's needs

d. knowledge and skills are required to meet society's needs

A student, Jacqueline, finds a paper on the internet covering the topic assigned to her by her nursing professor. Which of the following is not okay for her to do? a. read the paper b. cite the paper as a source c. scan the paper for ideas and cite the paper as a source where she discusses those ideas in her paper, using quotation marks d. make changes to the internet paper and submit it as her own

d. make changes to the internet paper and submit it as her own

Two types of unintentional torts a. neglience and defendants b. negligence and plaintiffs c. malpractice and plantiffs d. negligence and malpractice

d. negligence and malpractice

two types of unintentional torts a. neglience and defendants b. neglience and plaintiffs c. malpractice and plaintiffs d. negligence and malpractice

d. negligence and malpractice

What is the foremost legal status that regulates nursing? a. the nightingale pledge b. the affordable care act c. applicable-code of ethics d. nurse practice acts

d. nurse practice acts

in common law, decisions are based upon earlier court rulings in similar cases, called ________________. a. antecedents b. postcedents c. plaintiffs d. precedents

d. precedents

In common law, decisions are based upon earlier court rulings in similar cases, called ____________. a. antecedents b. postcedents c. plantiffs d. precendents

d. precendents

Empowerment is nurtured by collaborative efforts that focus on: a. problems b. weakness c. deficits d. solutions

d. solutions

Nurse Parker is concerned about a situation at work. He views health care in terms or medical cases focused on the cure of disease. He gets very upset when colleagues focus more on pt advocacy than on curing diseases. His mind set indicates his primary loyalty is to: a. the pt b. the employer c. his alma mater d. the relevant physician

d. the relevant physician

Victoria is a new nurse, eager to understand all her duties on the med surg floor of the hospital. She knows that because she has passed the NCLEX-RN exam and is now licensed, she is held to the standards of the professional code of ethics. By keeping the promises that are part of being a nurse. Victoria will be exhibiting _______________. a. autonomy b. noncompliance c. nonbeneficence d. fidelity

fidelity

Workplace empowerment relates to which of the following: a. increased burnout b. increased incivility c. job satisfaction d. low levels of professional committment

job satisfaction

The moral theory that is sensitive to the specifics of each case, such as the context and relationships of the case is called __________. a. Deontology b. Utilitarianism c. Formalism d. Moral Particularism

moral particularism

Nurse Tamry is concerned about connecting an IV port to a new medication. She feels mostly- but not completely- confident about the skill. She decides to ask her supervisor for clarification so that she does not harm her patient. Tamry is exhibiting ___________. a. veracity b. confidentiality c. nonmaleficence d. informed consent

nonmaleficence

During the Middle Ages, monasticism and other religious groups offered the only opportunities to pursue careers in __________. a. agriculture b. politics c. nursing d. feudalism

nursing

Use of scarce resources and assuring the best outcomes to address mass casualty incidents is an expression of __________. a. Deontology b. rationalism c. virtue ethics d. utilitarianism

utilitarianism

Because 95-98% of nurses are women, the extent of freedom and respect granted to nurses tied to whose status in society? a. Men's b. children's c. physician's d. women's

womens