EUS 2 & 3
Third Wave Feminism (1990's)
(Men and women may be different, but why are women the ones who are wrong, emotions can be good! We think differently and that is a positive!) (says men are also suffering to an extent, feminism allows men to cry and to feel emotions, to stay at home with the kids)-Feminism destroys gender roles for men and women and allows families to decide on their own how they want to operate "Feminism is for everybody!"
GDR
(east germany-fear of Nazi's) Under the influence of the ussr Authoritarian society state Berlin Stalinist totalitarianism
Refugee Crisis
(many refugees from North Africa) (Germany taking in many refugees (more welcoming attitude)) Many negative attitudes and the rise of nationalism against foreigners and Muslims (conservative parties on the rise)
Immigration Studies
(policy oriented studies, post colonial immigration like France and the UK, New immigration countries like Italy and Spain, Historical lands of Muslims in Europe where they are minorities (Bulgaria or Russia) or constitute the majority (Albania or Bosnia)
Switzerland (1993)
(very strong assigned role for women in rural areas) Women weren't allowed to vote until 1993 in a particular section in Switzerland (referendums held to change this but only the men could vote in the referendum)
FRG
(west germany-fear of communism) -broders controlled by britain, france, and US -Democratic Capitalist state Bonn Experiences "economic miracle" in post-war era
Women Reading
-Plato believed that everyone as initially born a man and then some men (the inferior men) were reborn as women -Martin Luther believed women were exclusively created to serve men and that if they died in childbirth, it should be of no importance, as that is their fundamental goal. -In Juadiasm-women were only important in serving men (and while they are not meant to be quiet (if they have to conforton society) they are always subservient to men (and only if they take care of everything for the men can they be allowed into heaven where they will again serve the men) -Christianity refused to acknowledge mary and many of the female characters in the bible (instead focusing on the 12 wise men). Wanted to differentiate themselves from pagans who had female gods. Eventually there was a shift to embrace Mary (but only as an unattainable goal for women) -Renaissance debate over women (giovanni Boccaccio declared women to be moral, loyal, and brave (comprised a long list of examples) City of Ladies (christine de Pizan) addressed the second class status of women) she is called the "first femenist"-claims women put down over mens own fear of being inferior)-more men began to say that women were spiritually equal to men but no more than that! Nettesheim argues that women are actually superior to men (adam brought sin and eve far superior in every way) Gynecocracy-rule by a woman (said to be against the laws of nature) -Protestant writers believe in the same three purposes of marriage (the procreation of children, the avoidance of sin, and mutual help and companionship) -Protestants believe marriage was a woman's job and highest achievement -Catholic church focused on chastity (described the perfect wife as obedient, silent, and pious La perfecta casada) -The scientific revolution-female anatomy and physiology became a popular topic for medical authorities (believed if conditions were optimum in the womb, a baby boy would be born) -Idea of men being linked to masculinity and women with irrationality, disorder, and nature -Women not allowed to own their own property (form of control) -Ironically, Roman law itself had not required unmarried adult women to have guardians, but had only known guardianship for children
How did the change in International context affect the evolution of Anthropological studies in Europe?
-Post WWII/Beginning of the Cold War-modernization paradigm, study of rural communities, study of values, fear of communism, urbanization, social progression (equality), study of modern societies (wages, rural population (percentage of workers in agriculture (higher the less modern)), infant mortality rate, universal education, public education-literacy rate, GDP, income equality, crime index,
"first femenist"
-claims women put down over mens own fear of being inferior
Durkheim (Atheist)
-discusses collective effervescence (collective excitement and drive towards a common goal) (egoistic suicide, anomic suicide) there is a disenchantment in the world (combination of both (even during good times, suicide rates still increase)-suicide inceases during economic depressions and economic booms -Politics as a vocation
Gynecocracy
-rule by a woman (said to be against the laws of nature) -Protestant writers believe in the same three purposes of marriage (the procreation of children, the avoidance of sin, and mutual help and companionship) -Protestants believe marriage was a woman's job and highest achievement
what are the four main groups of the ecb
1. Executive Board- implement monetary policy as defined by government policy, day-day operations, prepare governing council meetings, exercise powers given by governing council 2. Governing Board- make decisions on monetary objectives, interest rates, and supply of reserves in the euro system 3. General Board- fix exchange rates of currencies for countries adopting euro, will go away once all use euro 4. Supervisory Board- plans and executes supervisory functions of the ECB, proposes draft decisions to the governing council through non-objection procedure
when was the council of europe esblished
10 countries found this on May 5th, 1949, by 2015 it has 47 members
Croatia and Slovenia
10 day war between __________ and __________
how many stars are on the eu flag and what do they represent
12 and the stars represent a symbol of unity, solidarity and harmony the number twelve reflects completeness and perfection
End of WWII
1945
Its economies were fueled by foreign aid
1945-1968
Its governments were often characterized by extreme forms of anti-communist rhetoric
1945-1968
Its situation motivated governments to introduce social benefits (pensions, guaranteed health care, rent stabilization, etc)
1945-1968
Refugees and displaced persons
1945-1968
Seemed to many to be driven principally by consumerism
1945-1968
Schuman Declaration "father of the EU"
1950
Treaty of Paris (European Coal and Steel Community)
1952
Treaty of Rome (European Economic Community) 1) common market 2) eliminate internal trade barriers 3) free movement 4) common policies
1957
How many enlargement grounds took place since its establishment by the core members
1957(founding), 1973, 1981, 1986, 1995, 2004, 2007, 2013 (7)
Characterized by extreme generational conflicts
1968-1989
Characterized by the emergence of significant of domestic terrorism
1968-1989
Chief government goal was rehabilitation
1968-1989
Its economies were challenged by integration and capitalism
1968-present
Schengen Agreement (passport free travel, remove boarder crossings, EU and some other countries (4))
1985
Single European Act (European Community)
1987
Berlin Wall falls
1989
Saw the emergence of a new nation states
1989 - present
Maastricht Treaty EU is born, baby!
1993
Copenhagen Criteria
1993 European council agrees on: demonstrate a stable democratic order, rule of law, and a competitive and market-based economy
what is the schengen agreement and when did it come into force- not a part of the midterm
1995
Euro was thought of
1999
When was the Eurozone established?
1999
countries are a part of the euro zone
19: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
It has: binding laws and legislates It must have: separate militaries and taxing laws
2 things the EU does have, 2 things it can't have
Coins and notes put in place
2002
Biggest expansion, 10 new members of previously fasist countries
2004
Lisbon Treaty (Ireland rejected, bullied into accepting in 2009)
2007
Eurozone Crisis (Greece debt in 2009-2012/2019)
2009
EU wins Nobel Peace Prize
2012
Croatia joins EU
2013
Migrant Crisis in Europe - Germany lets in all - Poland only lets in Christians - Hungary builds a wall
2015-2016
Brexit
2016
how many members are in the court of justice system
28 judges and 11 advocate generals
how much waste is recycled in Germany?
70%
European groups within the european parliament
9
what countries are NOT a part of the euro zone name at least 2
9: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Sweden, UK
What is Samso?
A Danish island that is known for being the first carbon-free settlement on the planet
economics, religion
According to Marx: the base is ______________________ Marx says ___________ is the opium of the masses (religion is the opium for the people,and is a tool that is manipulated and used as a means to serve the capitalist mode of production) Marx Blames Religion for capitalism
- Only surviving aborginal minority in Japan - Live in Hokkaido, but once lived farther south - Once lived on S Sakhalin & Kurile but fled - Language isolate, matriarchal, sedentary hunters/fishers - Facial hair & tats on women
Ainu
Albania
Albanian
Kosovo
Albanian, Serbian
- Linguistic cousins of Yupik & Inuit - Decimated by Russian exploitation & disease, but survived by being Russian Orthodox Christian - Originally matriarchal, mummification of dead - Knowledge of medicine/plant lore
Aleut
Which people live both in Russia and Alaska today?
Aleut
Describe the Council of the EU
Also referred to as the Council of Ministers. Its role is to be the voice of the EU member governments, adopting EU laws and coordinating EU policies. Its members are government ministers from each EU country. Established in 1958 (as council of the EEC). In the Council, government ministers from each EU country meet to discuss, amend and adopt laws, and coordinate policies. The ministers have the authority to commit their governments to the actions agreed on in the meetings. Negotiates and adopts EU laws, together with the European Parliament, based on proposals from the European Commission Coordinates EU countries' policies Develops the EU's foreign & security policy, based on European Council guidelines Concludes agreements between the EU and other countries or international organisations Adopts the annual EU budget - jointly with the European Parliament. The Council has lost some of its power due to the increasing importance of the European Council.
Historical conflicts (Christianity v. Islam)
Always considered existential threat Terrorism (Islam and Muslims-tied to a security threat) Public display of religion (France has a ban on hijab, just banned burka in Denmark) debate over secularism (Europe more secular, doesn't match (added layer of racism, fear of refugees/foreigners, and Islamophobia)
What religion were the Mari people?
Animist
What was the name for a Coastal Chukchi?
Anqallyt
President of the European Parliament
Antonio Tajani: Italy
"First Femenist"-Giovanni Boccaccio
Argues that women may be inferior but its is not because they are inherently inferior but instead because they are placed in a patriarchal society where they are kept from getting an education, belittles, not listened to or allowed to speak, and forced into marriages (not allowed to develop, stifled by the men to fit what they men expect them to be).
Weber, Traditional, charismatic, rational-legal
Argues there are three types of authority (_____________, ________________, ________________)
Reindeer breeding only intruded onto the __ side of Beringia. Never entered the Americas
Asian
Belarus
Belarusian, Russian
who are the core 6 members of the eu, respectively eec
Belgium, france, italy, luxembourg, netherlands, west germany
(North Pacific from Japan to Puget Sound Area) - Sedentary living - warfare, suicide - face tattoos - Dogsleds - Raven creator - Little attention to respecting dead bodies (apart from Yukagir & Aleut)
Beringia
What is the cover term for the whole North Pacific Rim, from Northern Japan and the mouth of the Ainu river to the PNW?
Beringia
Germany to Malta
Biggest population to smallest?
France to Luxembourg
Biggest size to smallest?
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
Enlightenment
Brought about the idea of rationality, yet Aristotle and Plato both believed in the inferiority of women (no companionship). Patriarchy established from a very early time and reinforced even through movements of enlightenment. Women viewed worse as a result of enlightenment. Enlightenment defined by rationality, and any quality that was seen as the opposite of the rationality displayed by men was assigned to women (irrationality, emotion, hysterics).Reinforces the idea of women being inferior.
Kalmyk Mongols, like most Mongols, are what religion?
Buddhist
Bulgaria
Bulgarian
Eurocrats, Top down v bottom up, Homoeuropaeus, Need people who identify as European over a specific state to give legitimacy to a European organization like the EU, ruled by the people (democracy)
Bureaucrats in the European Union? European identity creation (________________________) ___________________________-Creation of a solid and uiversal european identity European demos-______________________________ demos kratos-___________________________
Turkey Serbia Montego N. Macedonia Albania
Candidate Countries (5)
Head of State who was a general in WWII
Charles de Gaulle
Mongolian leader - Purged earlier communists - Destroyed Buddhism - Collectivized pastoralists
Choibalsan
In EU, most Uralic people became what religion?
Christian
Most Chuvash people converted to what religion?
Christian
what are the parties making up the "Great Coalition" in Germany?
Christian Democrats and Social Democrats
__ and Koryak - Divided between inland reindeer breeders & coastal sea mammal hunters - Link between shamanism & transvetism/homosexuality - Use of shrooms, thru pee - Resisted Russian colonialism
Chukchi
What language grouping includes the Chukchi?
Chukchi-Kamchatkan
What language grouping includes the Itelmen?
Chukchi-Kamchatkan
What language grouping includes the Koryak?
Chukchi-Kamchatkan
What language grouping would include the Chuvan, had they not merged with local Russians?
Chukchi-Kamchatkan
Fukuyama
Clash between ideologies, democracy-communism, democracy, The End of History
Marx
Class struggle-history operates through Stages in History (Marx thought the final stage was Communism)-he claimed there had never been a true communist country before (only socialism)
Has 47 members
CoE
Has two official languages
CoE
Set up by the Treaty of London
CoE
Some of its principal goals: safeguarding and realizing the ideals and principles of the common heritage
CoE
Which of the following terms is most commonly used to refer to the actions of Europeans from countries outside Germany who aided the Nazi cause?
Collaboration
Ethnocentrism
Common human tendency/desire to view events and the world through the lens of their own culture and their own moral standards (something anthropologists try to avoid by immersing themselves in other viewpoints, make efforts to study more and educate yourself on other cultures (learn languages), ethnography (participant observation-immersing yourself in the culture) question your own belief system, culture, and customs, acknowledge your own bias (disclosure of one's own ethnic or cultural identity), always still a degree of bias)
Principle of Cultural Relativism
Comparing culture and prioritizing one cultural belief or practice over another
Weber
Considered the founder of sociology
Early 1600s: Independent __ penetrate deep into Siberia looking for furs
Cossacks
Legislate branch includes:
Council of Ministers (Council of the EU) and European Parliament
1) Interests of countries 2) law-making body 3) economic and foreign policy 4) majority (simple or qualified where 55% of member states agree, then 65% of the population has to be represented within that), sometimes unanimous 5) Croatia & rotates every 6 months 6) Council Presidency --> General secretariat Council of ministers Representatives of commission
Council of the EU: 1) What do they represent? 2) "Key _____ of the EU" 3) Decides what two kinds of policy? 4) What two kinds of votes? 5) Who has the presidency/how does it work? 6) What is the structure?
Judicial branch includes:
Court of Justice of the EU
Luxemburg
Court of Justice of the EU and Court of First Instance, Council of Auditors
Croatia
Croatian
Folklore
Customs, traditions, cultural, historical
Czech Republic
Czech
Denmark
Danish
Islam
Debate over the role of _________ in Europe came into question after Secularism v freedom of expression (freedom to express religion) Estimated size of Muslim population in 2016 from most to least (France, Germany, UK, Italy, Netherlandds, Spain) Top desired destination for refugees (Germany) (france and uk get a lot of immigrants from former colonies (these immigrants often already speak the language and have ties to the countries)
Weber
Disenchantment of the world (demagnification) -science and technology-enlightenment -scientific revolution -People no longer fascinated by how the world works and no longer focusing on myths, Why? (Preoccupied by job) -Migration from rural (recognized in community, take care of and taken care of) to urban centers (don't know neighbors, no longer see themselves through the community, community ties gone) -Skepticism emerges as science begins answering questions religion previously had (world not flat)
Which group was new and formed by the Yakut and Ewenki?
Dolgan
President of EU Council
Donald Tusk: Poland
Belgium
Dutch, French, German
Has a shared foreign policy and security policy
EU
Originated out of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
EU
Some of its principal goals: to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital
EU
what is the anthem of the eu and who is the composer
EU comes from the Ninth Symphony composed in 1823 by Ludwig Van Beethoven, when he set music to the "Ode to Joy"
The Council of Europe and the EU share the following goals
Economic and Social Progress, Democracy, Rule of Law
The acronym PIGS can be argued on the basis of data that pertain to the following fields
Economic performance, education, cultural policies
biggest exporter, biggest foreign investor
Economy wise, what are two contributions from the EU?
Eastern enlargement
Eight countries were admitted from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) plus Cyprus and Malta in 2004. Then two soviet-bloc countries in 2007. This brought the membership to 27. Initiated by the Copenhagen summit of 1993, this process differed from its predecessors in at least three respects. The first was scale, there were 13 candidates. 12 of them, excluding Turkey, negotiated entry between 1996 and 2007. Due to the smallness and poorness of these countries this escalated the "wider but weaker" debate. Second, if the EU was indeed reaching the upper limits of membership, its institutions might become overburdened. Increased diversity, while otherwise admirable, could hinder effectiveness. Institutional reform is necessary if enlargement was to proceed and succeed. Thord, this accession process went further than its predecessors in imposing on each candidate the full burden of adjustment. Each had to incorporate into its legislation the full acquis communautaire.
Former Republic of Yugoslavia
Emphasized brotherhood and unity, distinct nation states that represented and protected ethnically homogeneous groups, a federation of equal nations regardless of geographic and population size
Estonia
Estonian
May 9th
Euro Day
Frankfurt
European Central Bank (ecb)
Which institution of the EU is most involved in educational initiatives (Higher ed.)
European Commission
1) 1/2 civil service, 1/2 executive body 2) 27 commissioners (includes president) 3) in charge of a sector 4) Ursula von der Leyen 5) President is nominated by European Council and voted on by Parliament 5.5) 5 years 6) Appointed by governments, approved by Parliament 7) Draft new EU laws, draft spending budget/manage/execute the budget 8) "Executive body of the EU" and "Guardians of Treaties"
European Commission: 1) European Commission is 1/2 ___ and 1/2 _____ 2) How many commissioners? 3) What are they in charge of? 4) Who is the president? 5) How is the president elected? 5.5) How long are they in power? 6) How is everyone else put in their position? 7) What does the Commission do? (2 specific things) 8) 2 nicknames
1) 27 leaders 2) 2-3 months 3) Charles Michael 4) 2.5 years 5) Overall policy direction of the EU 6) Interests of the EU country governments 7) European Summits
European Council: 1) How many leaders? 2) How often do they meet? 3) Who is the president? 4) How long does the president rule? 5) What does the European Council direct? 6) What do they represent? 7) Nickname for their meetings?
United in Diversity
European Integration Motto:
Strasbourg
European Parliament
Brussels
European Parliament, Council of the EU(ministers), European Commission
what political parties have the highest representation in the European Parliament?
European People's Party and Party of European Socialists
4 main groups of the european parliament
European People's party(christian democrates), progressive alliance of socialist/dems, alliance liberals/dems, european conservatives/reformists
Executive branch includes:
European council and European Commission
Erasmus
Exchange program and schooling that is available to people in candidate and potential countries as well, meant to help increase cultural exchange and multiculturalism, stronger European identity over state identity (over 1 million erasmus babies)
Falling fertility is not an issue in ex-socialist European countries
False
Members of the European Commission are elected by citizens of each Member State of the European Union
False
The EU has a directive on paternity leave
False
The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) grew out of the European Economic Community
False
The European Union has no legislative power
False
The official languages of the EU are two
False
What type of food grouping were the Cossacks in?
Farming
What type of food grouping were the Russians in?
Farming
1991-2001
Federal National Republic of Yugoslavia-Yugoslav War (________-________)
Chart according to marx
Feudalism (ruling aristocracy-serfdom) Thesis I-Antithesis I ↓ Bourgeoisie (factory owners, wealthy)-Proletariat (workers) Capitalism (Marx will argue the two will come into conflict, leading to a workers revolution/class war/class struggle/proletariat revolution and Communism) ↓ Ruling class composed of proletariat Socialism (believe socialism is a transitory step) ↓ Marx believed the end would be a communist, class-less, state-less society (no gov just perfect equality)
Modes of production
Feudalism, capitalism, socialism ↳forces of production (means of production, labor power), the relations of production (who owns what, and social relations among those who own different things in society)
Finland
Finnish, Swedish
Finland
First country to let women vote Second wave-(1960's and 70's-vietnam, cold war) "Personal Is Also Political" (Radical Feminism) (brought up oppression in spheres other than voting rights) (marriage is a way to suppress women) (rejected stereotypical roles for women-pants, short hair) (Men and Women the same!)
Immigration Reading
First wave of Muslim immigration after the immigration policies of the post-second world war era. Newest wave of muslim immigration from Bosnia, Albania, and Russia Changes in western policies to limit this immigration -In eastern Europe, the "Islamic problem" is not related to immigration but to memories of Ottoman empire domination -In a secular Europe, the hijab, burqini, and minarets have al exposed a contrast between european expectations and Islamic ideology -The role of shariah law causes issues a s well (homosexuality, stoning to death, and corporal punishment (afghanistan and mauritania) -Tie between radicalism/terrorism and Islam strengthened by 9/11 attacks and the Madrid and London bombings (increased Islamaphobia (a term coined in 1997 in responce to anti-muslim discrimination in Britain) -Islamophobia increased again after the rushdie affair, the assasination of theo van gogh, and the danish cartoon crisis -The concept of Islam as a defining feature only emerged in the ast quarter century, prior to that they were still classified acording to their nationalist associations (algerians, pakistanis, yemenis, turks, arabs, and so forth) Ummah-community of Muslim believers Wahhabism-a specific interpretation of the Islamic tradition that emerged in the eighteenth century in the Arabian Peninsula with the teachings of Muhammad Ibn Abdel Wahab (his literalist interpretations of the Quran became the official doctrine of the Saudi Kingdom upon its creation in 1932) -Characterized by a rejection of critical approaches to the Islamic tradition.
Mediterranean Reading
Focuses on the categorization of the 'Mediteranean' as a culture area and the slow and erratic emergence of "Europe" as a distinctive object of investigation -Cold war dramatically impacted the study of social sciences and europe as a concept -Economic downturn in Europe after WWII was addressed by the Bretton Woods Agreement of 1944 and the creation of the IMF and World Bank (meant to guide an impoverished Europe back to health) -Italy, Spain, and Greece seemed weak and prone to Communism (unstable) -Increased focus of social studies on mediteranean and peasant societies (ethnographic studies) -Banfield 'amoral familism'-"the cognitive orientation prevalent among peasants in Lucania (Southern Italy) was a significant factor in maintaining the persistent backwardness in the region" -Shift from "europe" to "mediteranean" in studies -Analyzes the different meanings of honor and shame within villages and the contradictory nature of value-systems in general EX: pueblo is seen as a community of equals, the senioritos are young unmarried men and women of the upper class and operate within the community but because of their class are not technically part of the community Persistianty: (a) The focus is on small-scale, face-to-face and relatively bounded social units: the community (b) Associated with the social structure of such communities are specific value systems which ultimately create and produce consensus and define the community (c) It is assumed that modernization and consequent processes of urbanization and population movement result in the breakdown of these communities and the erosion of the value systems that characterize them, which cease to be effective in the new context -The limitations of the field of the Mediteranean originated from the strategy of focusing primarily on rural communities and on shame v honor -Arensbeg split Europe into the Atlantic fringe, the European East and North, and the Mediteraniean (based on farming techniques and processes) -Kenny also studied a separate "mediteranean' in his study -60's-many protests in Western Europe, the US, and Comecon countries Boissevain-traditional anthropological concept like "equilibrium, corporation, balanced opposition, reciprocity and consensus' were limited in their ability to explain Eurpopean complexity -70's anthropological interest in Europe increased dramatically -While "tradition versus modernity" imbued European ethnographic studies, some new models began to emerge i.e. action approach (transactionalism, network analysis, systems analysis, and game theory)Barth, Goffman, Barnes-studies became more in depth and analysed things beyond the surface level (saw cultural arrangements as containing underlying concepts) -Push towards a more global perspective (wider political, historical, and economic contexts) -1980's: the return of radical conservatism, the prospect of an even wider and deeper European community, and the collapse of "real socialism" in Eastern Europe
What type of food grouping were the Ainu in?
Food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Aleut in?
Food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Inuit in?
Food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Itelmen in?
Food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Nivkh in?
Food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Yupik in?
Food extractor
Marx
Founder of the concept of political economy (examined relationship between politics and economics)
We discussed different national approaches to the "German Question." Which of the following country was in favor of taking a hard line?
France
Switzerland
French, German, Italian, Romansh
Luxembourg
French, German, Luxembourgish
Tito
Gained reputation in WWII as countries liberator for his role in driving out Axis powers and in 1945 he became the de facto leader on the new republic of Yugoslavia
Austria
German
Schuman Decleration
German foreign minister who declared that European Coal and Steel should be monitored to prevent war (This day is called Euro Day)-considered the start of Europeanization
German "rasse"
Germans avoid the word after the second world war in academic literature (hold negative connotation after ethnic and racial cleansing) (when you discuss race, you are saying that there are biologically different races, scared of how it was used in the past) (when German scholars discuss race, they use the english word to try and avoid the negative connotations of the term "rasse")
what is the Green Troika?
Germany, Denmark, and Finland - leaders in the use of sustainable energy and green initiatives
Which refers to a political practice associated with the final years of the USSR?
Glasnost
Greece
Greek
Essentialism
Handles the essence of things and their fundamental nature (tend to categorize, find meaning, divide, and classify
US President who signed off on the settlements for WWII
Harry S. Truman
Established protection of human rights in Europe
Helsinki Agreement
What type of food grouping were the Bashkirs in?
Horsebreeding w/ limited farming
What type of food grouping were the European Tatars in?
Horsebreeding w/ limited farming
What type of food grouping were the Yakut in?
Horsebreeding w/ limited farming
139
How many delegations/delegates does the EEAS have?
27
How many judges of ECoJ?
8 --> 27
How many member states did it start with? How many now?
19, Sweden & Denmark don't use the Euro
How many member states use the Euro? Give 2 examples of states that don't
24
How many official languages?
12 stars, 1984, People's of Europe
How many stars does the flag have? What year? What does it symbolize?
1/3
How much of the world GDP is from EU?
70 years old
How old is the EU?
Iceland
Icelandic
Laicism (comes from the word Laicité)
In France, there is a state religion: ___________-differs from secularism (not complete separation of religion from the state) Instead it states that religion is below the state and that the state regulates religion sometimes (unfair to wear religious symbols in any gov)
when was the european court of justice established and where is it based
In Luxembourg on Oct. 7th, 1958
Ireland
Irish, English
What religion are Bashkirs?
Islamic
What religion are Tatars?
Islamic
What language grouping includes the Ainu in Japan?
Isolate
What language grouping includes the Nivkh?
Isolate
What language grouping includes the Tlingit in Alaska?
Isolate
What language grouping includes the Yukagir?
Isolate
In what way the language policy of the European Union matches its core principles?
It promotes Freedom It respects cultural diversity
Why is the Hot Autumn of 1969 worth remembering?
Italian students joined the workers in their struggles
- Matriarchal hunter-fishers in Kamchatka - Dogsledders - Decimated by disease, few survive - Language related to Chukchi-Korak, but with lots of consonant clusters
Itelmen
President of the EU Commission
Jean- Claude Junker: luxembourg
Soviet leader who was a western Ally in WWII
Joseph Stalin
Define the JHA (AFSJ)
Justice and Home Affairs. Now called the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Policy areas include immigration, common European Asylum System, Borders and visas, organized crime and human trafficking, terrorism, police, citizenship, justice, gender equality, discrimination, cross-border judicial cooperation. It is a complex mix of intergovernmental and supranational.
Muslims, migrated from __ in Central Asia & some live in northernmost Xinjiang
Kazakh
Chukchi and __ - Reindeer pastoralists, still considered "Paleoasiatic" b/c part of own small language family - Have own ethnic districts - Chukchi = more numerous than other groups - Have best chance of language/culture survival
Koryak
What type of Turkic were the Chuvash?
L
Latvia
Latvian
Gov Leader who had been a leader of the Solidarity Movement
Lech Walesa
Capital City of Tibet
Lhasa
1) Freedom of press 2) No death penalty 3) Right to protest 4) Regular parliament elections 5) Party in power must rotate 6) President can't rule until death 7) Army is separate from internal affairs 8) Innocent until proven guilty 9) Must protect minorities
List 9 things you must have to enter EU:
Lithuania
Lithuanian
North Macedonian
Macedonian, Albanian
Which language grouping includes Udegei and is closely related to Tungusic?
Manchu
President of the European Central Bank
Mario Draghi: Italy
Which Cold War terms do you associate with the term "counterpart funds"?
Marshall Plan
How are women seen during the renaissance period:
Martin Luther thought women were only on earth to bear children and that if a woman died during childbirth, it should be of no importance because that was their sole purpose. Eve blamed for the creation of sin. Women thought of being inferior and weaker. Plato believed all were born men and the weak and inferior were reborn as women. Others during the scientific revolution believed that if conditions in the womb were optimum, a boy would be born. Marriage and childbirth all a woman could strive towards.
Base
Means of production, relations of production
Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity, organic sociologist, discussed suicide, alienation from society, division of labor, crime rates disenchantment of the world. Coins term anomie (lack of interest people start to feel in societies). Studied suicide as a quantitative study (suicide increases due to economic recessions or economic booms)
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Greece Germany Hungary Italy Ireland Lithuania Latvia Luxemburg Sweden Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Spain Slovakia Slovenia
Member States (27)
Soviet leader who dismantled the USSR
Mikhail Gorbachev
What was the 2nd expansion fueled by?
Money
What language grouping includes the Kalmyk in EU?
Mongolic
Montenegro
Montenegrin
- Matriarchal hunter-fishers in N. Sakhalin & Amur river - Solate language, complicated consonant system - Ancient bear ceremony
Nivkh
What is a possible problem related to work-life balance policies
Non-exclusivity
what countries have recently been denied candidacy for the EU?
North Macedonia? and Turkey
Norway
Norwegian
Belarus Herzegovina Norway Russia Ukraine Switzerland Andora Iceland Liechtenstein Moldova UK Vatican City
Not in the EU (12)
What was the 1st Russian city to explore eastward?
Novgorod
The Netherlands ***
Official: Dutch Regional Minority Language: Frisian Immigrant Minority Language: Indonesian, Arabic, Turkish Populist Party: Party for Freedom
United kingdom ***
Official: English Regional Minority Language: Scots, Gaelic, Cornish, Welsh Immigrant Languages: Arabic, Indian Populist Party: UKIP, Brexit Party
France ***
Official: French Regional Minority Language: Basque, Catalan, German, Dutch Immigrant Languages: Arabic, Italian Populist Party: The National Front/National Rally (RN)
Germany ***
Official: German Regional Minority Language: Danish, Frisian, Romani, luxembourgish Immigrant Languages: Turkish, Arabic Populist Party: Alternative for Germany
Hungary ***
Official: Hungarian Regional Minority Language: Armenian, Bulgarian Immigrant Languages: Arabic Populist Party: Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Party
Italy ***
Official: Italian Regional Minority Language: Sicilian Immigrant Languages: Greek, Slovene Populist Party: Five Star Movement
Spain ***
Official: Spanish Regional Minority Language: Catalan, Basque Immigrant Languages: Arabic, Italian Populist Party: The people's party
Turkey ***
Official: Turkish Regional Minority Language: Kurdish Immigrant Languages: Arabic, Bosnian Populist Party: Social Democratic People's Party
40%
Only _____ of Europeans trust the EU
EU
Originally culture was tied to local communities and viewed them as static and closed. Shifted to a focus on nations and coincided with the nationalization of Europe and the creation of nation states EU cultural policies officially introduced with the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Increasingly more pressure for the creation of cultural policies (necessary for the creation of a Single European Market and the EMU) Now have EU passport, symbol, flag, anthem, currency, motto 1990's-EU pushed platform of tolerance, multiculturalism, equality
Only the __ of Sakhalin were nomadic peoples
Orok
What is the name for a grab-bag group based partly on language, and food economy that includes Chukchi, Koryat, Itelmen, as well as others?
Paleosiberian
1) Directly elected 2) every 5 years 3) Brussels and Strasbourg 4) "Plenary sessions" 5) 96 to 6 6) Elect European Commission President (who was nominated by European Council), Approve EU budget (which was proposed by European Commission), Represent interest of citizens
Parliament: 1) Who elects Parliament? 2) How often are elections? 3) Where do they meet? 4) What are meetings sometimes called? 5) Max and min seats? 6) What 3 things do they do?
Poland
Polish
Portugal
Portuguese
Bosnia Kosovo
Potential candidate countries (2)
Atteneded by President Truman
Potsdam Conference
Shut down by Warsaw Pact troops
Prague Spring
Was decisive for the end of Communism in Eastern Europe
Prague Spring
Stages in History
Primitive Communism, Imperialism (Slave society), Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism, Communism
the procreation of children, the avoidance of sin, and mutual help and companionship
Protestant writers believe in the same three purposes of marriage:
Modernization
Public education (literacy rate), urbanization, social progression (equality), technological advancements, wages, rural population, income equality, gdp, life expectancy,
Tito
Pursued a policy of "non alignment" during the Cold War (in between status, politically closer to the east (socialist) but close to the west in that it didn't want to align with the Soviet Union-Tito broke from the Soviet Union in 1948)
What is QMV?
Qualified majority voting. This is used in The Council of the EU. This increases the efficiency of decision-making. A qualified majority is defined as "at least 55% of the members of the Council, comprising at least 15 of them and representing member states comprising at least 65% of the population of the Union.
Identities (identity Politics)
Race, Ethnicity, Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, Citizenship, Residency, Nationality, Religion, Class (Marx), Status (Weber), Language, disability
What type of food grouping were the Chukchi in?
Reindeer breeders
What type of food grouping were the Dolgan in?
Reindeer breeders
What type of food grouping were the Ewen in?
Reindeer breeders
What type of food grouping were the Ewenki in?
Reindeer breeders
What type of food grouping were the Koryak in?
Reindeer breeders
What type of food grouping were the Tungus-Manchu people in?
Reindeer breeders
What type of food grouping were the Uralic people of EU originally in?
Reindeer breeders
What was the 1st expansion eastward fueled by?
Religion
Superstructure
Religion, Art, Law, Social relations
Intersectionality
Reveals how combinations of different factors from the list above change people's lives and the way they are treated in society (not official definition) -Explains the combination of different factors and identities and the effects these combinations have (explores the interaction between the different factors within us) Essentialist categories (fluid) (more open to taking in different experiences as opposed to limiting people)
Moldova
Romanian
Romania
Romanian
Popularized the term Evil Empire as used in the Cold War
Ronald Reagan
Russia
Russian
Only the Aleut fully converted to what religion?
Russian Orthodox Christianity
What type of Turkic were the Bashkir?
S
Weber
Says that there are classes and class conflict, but it is not just about production but about consumption as well. What people choose to spend their money on also helps solidify your class (do you buy essentials only or luxury products, do you travel, have fancy clothes, language, mannerisms, designer brands, healthcare) Says its not as much what you do for work but how you live and the impression you give others.
What lifestyle did Ainu people have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did Aleut people have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did Chukchi (coastal Anqallyt) people have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did Coastal Koryak people have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did Itelmen people have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did Nivkh people have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did Tlingit people in Alaska have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did Yupik people have?
Sedentary
What lifestyle did some Yukagir people have?
Sedentary
Serbia
Serbian
What are the so called 4 freedoms of the eu: 1957 EEC treaty
Single Market- no internal borders, free movement of goods, persons, services etc. 1. Free movement of persons- all eu citizens can work/move freely 2. Free movement of goods- goods not subject to border control, tariffs etc 3. Free movement of services- free to offer service to other eu member states 4. Free movement of capital- restriction on capital and payment transactions between states of the eu are prohibited
Slovakia
Slovak
Slovenia
Slovenian
Social construction
Sociologists interested in how social identities are derived and created
Me Too movement
Some argue that the _______________________ marks a fourth wave of Feminism (taking on social norms in industries, fighting against sexual harrassment and sexual assault, taking on the men who hold power over women and in industries)
Which of the following countries was NEVER on the side of the Allies - Italy - Russia - France - Spain
Spain
Who converted the Komi to Christianity?
Steven of Perm
what are the locations of the EU headquarters?
Stratsburg, France (not really used) and Brussels, Belgium
Irish Immigration
Studying Those in America with Irish ancestry Bill created by Irish activists in NY (1996)-forced schools to teach about the Great Famine in Ireland as a crime against humanity on the same leel as the Holocaust or enslavemet of Africans. Argued that movement to the US was involuntary (thought this would create a common identity between those of Irish descent) 1. No grass roots movement and popular demand for the bill 2. Product of elites who claim to speak for the public 3. Attempt by these elites to use the legal system to transform a vague category of people into an officially recognized group with defining attributes 4. Creation of common descent, common religion, and a narrative about historic injustice 5. we are a group because of our common descent and historical experience v we share a common descent and historical experience ad hence are a group. 6. Manipulation of claim-press release and newpapers used the words genocide, slavery, and holocaust to paint a pciture and put words into peoples mouths
Sweden
Swedish
Which group is the largest minority in EU?
Tatar
German immigration
Tensions between foreigners (Turks), east Germans, and west Germans Migrants from the East often less integrated into society and therefore face less discrimination Between 1870 and 1914 there was lots of anti-pole sentiment, as poles were going to work in agriculture after Germans moved to cities during industrialization. Then the poles moved to the factories as well. Fears of Uberfremdung (over-foreignization), polish banned-led to "********emblies" where pamphlets in Polish were passed out but no one said a word -Max Weber called for borders to be closed (said immigrants were hurting German economy and culture) Even those born in Germany still considered foreigners and not granted full citizenship -Most applicants for asylum denied -Many foreigners (predominantly Turks) were invited to Germany as guest workers and are legal residents (who have lived in Germany since the 60's) Gastarbeiter -Guest workers came from Italy, Greek, and the former Yugoslavia, as well as Turkey. Italians liked the most (similar to Germany, and Turks the least)
Assimilation
Term used to describe the abandonment of distinctive culture in favor of adopting the majority culture. A process of blending in. Culture should be homogeneous and the same (counters the idea of multiculturalism and the embracement of differing cultures, traditions, practices, and religious).
foreigner (outsider), Gastarbeiter, German Democratic Republic (GDR), Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)
Terms to Know for Exam Full citizenship Assimilation Naturalization Auschlander-___________________ Guest Worker-_______________________ Division of Germany (After WWII, During the Cold War) Reunification of Germany (1889 when the wall comes down, 1993 when they reunify) East-___________________________________ West-_____________________________________
What is the treaty of Rome
The 1957 treaty that established the European Community (a common market), Euratom (an atomic energy community), CAP, and CCP. The Treaty of Rome opened the possibility of extending European competence to other policy fields. As a result, the community was allowed to take actions in additional fields.
Describe the EMU
The 1992 established the European Monetary Union. the EMU is an umbrella term for the group of policies aimed at converging the economies of member states of the European Union at three stages. The policies cover the 19 eurozone states, as well as non-euro European Union states. The economics is just one aspect of European integration.
It encourages the use of study credits
The Bologna Process
It extends far beyond the EU
The Bologna Process
Some of its principal goals: to reform higher education and to establish compatible national systems
The Bologna Process
What is the Common Commercial Policy?
The CCP is the policy on trade with non-EU countries. It encompasses managing the EU's common external tariffs, concluding trade agreements with non-EU states, and employing commercial instruments in the context of the EU's existing trade agreements.
What types of cases does the CJEU handle?
The CJEU gives rulings on cases brought before it. The most common types of case are: Interpreting the law (preliminary rulings) - national courts of EU countries are required to ensure EU law is properly applied, but courts in different countries might interpret it differently. If a national court is in doubt about the interpretation or validity of an EU law, it can ask the Court for clarification. The same mechanism can be used to determine whether a national law or practice is compatible with EU law. Enforcing the law (infringement proceedings) - this type of case is taken against a national government for failing to comply with EU law. Can be started by the European Commission or another EU country. If the country is found to be at fault, it must put things right at once, or risk a second case being brought, which may result in a fine. Annulling EU legal acts (actions for annulment) - if an EU act is believed to violate EU treaties or fundamental rights, the Court can be asked to annul it - by an EU government, the Council of the EU, the European Commission or (in some cases) the European Parliament. Private individuals can also ask the Court to annul an EU act that directly concerns them. Ensuring the EU takes action (actions for failure to act) - the Parliament, Council and Commission must make certain decisions under certain circumstances. If they don't, EU governments, other EU institutions or (under certain conditions) individuals or companies can complain to the Court. Sanctioning EU institutions (actions for damages) - any person or company who has had their interests harmed as a result of the action or inaction of the EU or its staff can take action against them through the Court.
CSDP (Common Security & Defense Policy)
The CSDP is a part of the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), based on articles 42-46 of the Treaty on European Union. Article 42.2 of TEU states that the CSDP includes the 'progressive framing' of a common Union defence policy, and will lead to a common defence, when the European Council of national heads of state or government, acting unanimously, so decides. The CSDP is implemented using civilian and military contributions from member states' armed forces, which also are obliged to collective self-defence based on Treaty on European Union (TEU). Key elements: Military crisis management, civilian crisis management, conflict prevention.
Describe the European Commission
The Commission is the main executive body of the EU. The EEC and Euratom established it in 1958. In the Merger Treaty of 1965 the three executives were merged into a single Commission. Its roles include: proposing legislation to the Parliament and the Council, managing and implementing EU policies and the budget, enforcing EU law (jointly with the Court of Justice), representing the European Union on the international stage, negotiating agreements between the EU and other countries.
Define COREPER
The Committee of Permanent Representatives. An institution composed of representatives of the member states permanently located in Brussels. COREPER manages intergovernmental relations between the member states and preparing meetings of the Council of the EU.
What is the CFI?
The Court of 1st Instance was introduced in 1988 to cope with the large number of CJEU cases. There is at least one judge per member state. It typically deals with cases from private individuals, companies and organizations, and cases relating to competition law. Cases may be appealed to CJEU.
Describe the CJEU
The Court of Justice of the European Union derives its jurisdiction directly from the treaties. The Court has had a major impact on the evolution of the EU. It was created in 1952 with ECSC Treaty and is based in Luxembourg. Its main tasks are to ensure EU legislation is interpreted and applied consistently, ensure EU member states and institutions respect EU law, and settle legal disputes between EU member states, institutions, businesses, individuals.
What are the two courts?
The Court of Justice who deals with requests for preliminary rulings from national courts, certain actions for annulment and appeals. General Court who rules on actions for annulment brought by individuals, companies and, EU governments. In practice, this means that this court deals mainly with competition law, State aid, trade, agriculture, trade marks.
How does ECB work?
The ECB works with the national central banks of all EU countries. Together they form the European System of Central Banks. It leads cooperation between central banks in the eurozone. This is referred to as the Eurosystem. Governing Council: assesses economic and monetary developments, defines eurozone monetary policy and fixes the interest rates at which commercial banks can borrow from the ECB. Executive Board: implements monetary policy, manages day-to-day operations, prepares Governing Council meetings and exercises powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. General Council: contributes to advisory and coordination work and helps to prepare for new countries joining the euro.
What is the European Coal and Steel Community?
The ECSC was formally established in 1951 by the Treaty of Paris. The treaty would create a common market for coal and steel among its member states. This community set the stage for what is today the EU. Its institutions and spirit mimic that of the ECSC. The treaty was valid for 50 years.
What EU-funded program support European studies to spend a period of their studies in another European country
The ERASMUS scholarship
1% (Brussels has a lot of power, little money)
The EU budget is what % of member states budget?
European Neighborhood Policy (ENP)
The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) governs the EU's relations with 16 of the EU's closest Eastern and Southern Neighbours. To the South: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine*, Syria and Tunisia and to the East: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. Russia takes part in Cross-Border Cooperation activities under the ENP and is not a part of the ENP as such. The ENP has been launched in 2003 and developed throughout 2004, with the objective of avoiding the emergence of new dividing lines between the enlarged EU and its neighbours and instead strengthening the prosperity, stability and security of all. It is based on the values of democracy, rule of law and respect of human rights. Under the revised ENP, stabilization of the region, in political, economic, and security related terms, will be at the heart of the new policy. Moreover, the revised ENP puts a strong emphasis on two principles: the implementation of a differentiated approach to our Neighbours, to respect the different aspirations of our partners and to better answer EU interests and the interests of our partners; and an increased ownership by partner countries and Member States.
It promotes research and specifically scientific research
The Lisbon strategy
Some of its principal goals: to foster economic growth and to create jobs
The Lisbon strategy
when did the first expansion power take place and what countries entered the eec
The UK, Ireland and Denmark join the European Community on January 1st, 1973
What is/was the purpose of the EU?
The aftermath of WWII pushed Europe to find peace. The ideas was that economic cooperation would help countries that trade with one another would be more likely to avoid conflict. The EEC was created in 1958 with Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Now the EU with 28 members has evolved from a purely economic union to a union that creates policy on climate, environment, health, security, justice, migration, etc. It became the European Union in 1993.
Euro
The euro is the official currency for 19 of the 28 EU member countries. When the EU was founded in 1957, the Member States concentrated on building a 'common market' for trade. However, over time it became clear that closer economic and monetary co-operation was needed for the internal market to develop and flourish further, and for the whole European economy to perform better, bringing more jobs and greater prosperity for Europeans. In 1991, the Member States approved the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht Treaty), deciding that Europe would have a strong and stable currency for the 21st century. The non-euro countries are Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Sweden. The benefits of the euro include: More choice and stable prices for consumers and citizens, Greater security and more opportunities for businesses and markets Improved economic stability and growth, More integrated financial markets, A stronger presence for the EU in the global economy, and a tangible sign of a European identity.
Origins of the AFSJ
The first initiatives were by the Council of Europe, outside the EC, progressive but lowest common denominator. Now that it is the AFSJ, the emergence of a common perception of shared policy challenges exists.
Primordialism
The intellectual position which asserts that ethnic identity is a more or less immutable, permanent, and unchangeable aspect of the person. (believes culture and ethnicity are blood related/genetic rather than a result of one's environment and relationships) Ethnicity has started to take the place of race (the term being deemed offensive)
what environmental issues is stirring up debates in Germany?
The proper disposal of nuclear waste
Historical Materialism
The way in which societies provide for material needs conditions the totality of social relations, institutions, and ideas.
Basic Chart
Thesis I and antithesis I ↓ Synthesis I (Thesis II)→Antithesis II ↓ Synthesis II
Southern Enlargement
This enlargement saw the emergence of conditionality, the practice of tying membership to the fulfillment of explicit conditions. It also saw the emergence of the extended use of transition periods, and it confirmed that in negotiations most of the concessions would be made by the candidates. Greece became the 10th member of the EC in 1981. All three southern candidates (Greece, Portugal, Spain) presented similar profiles. Economically they were underdeveloped compared to most EC member states, with large agricultural sectors, outdated industries, and high unemployment. Politically, they were new and fragile democracies. Strategically, the Mediterranean region seemed increasingly sensitive, given its proximity to the Middle East and North Africa. In the end, the political and strategic arguments for enlargement prevailed over the economic reservations of some member states. Despite their concerns about agriculture, France and Italy welcomed the 'rebalancing' of the EC through the admission of states sharing their latin cultures. Now membership was at 12.
1. Ethnic Division: The numerous ethnic groups held historical animosities towards each other since the last century. Croats and Slovenes: Roman Catholic, used latin Alphabet Serbs, Macedonians, Montenegrins: Eastern Orthodox, used Cryllic alphabet Bosnians: converted to Islam 7 neighbors, 6 republics, 5 nationalities, 4 languages, 3 religions, 2 alphabets, 1 political party 2. Death of Tito-Charismatic leadership can't be passed on. Power vacuum. Start to find issues, no longer fully supporting Tito (ethnic tensions begin to grow) 3. Economic Crisis-slipped seriously into debt in 1980's-oil crisis
Three causes of the disintegration of the FRY
1. Attempt to "engineer" a Eruopean identity through cultural policies (EU symbols, awareness) 2. Identity construction among officials in EU institutions (Both "from above" methods) 3. European identity construction "from below". The unification process could provide a new frame for identity construction (people defining themselves in relation to or opposition to the EU)
Three different anthropological approaches to the discussion of identity construction in the EU:
Unrelated to pastoral languages, distantly related to Chinese.
Tibetan
- Sedentary matriarchal hunter-fishers in Alaskan panhandle - Held up Russians in Alaska - Raven/Wolf outmarriage groups - Elaborate designs, totem poles - Women wore lip plugs (labrets)
Tlingit
Tuvan Communist Leader - Collectivized country's animal herds - Suppressed Buddhism
Toka
According to the recommendation of the EU Commission, the EU citizens should learn at least two languages in addition to their own
True
Migration flows can be part of a solution to the growing demographic problem
True
The "official" languages and the "working" languages of the European Union are different
True
The European Union and the Council of Europe both have a human rights brief
True
The PIGS is a form of cultural and racial discrimination
True
The council of Europe originates from Winston Churchill's idea of a "United States of Europe"
True
The re-reading of the Bologna Process in the context of its Lisbon objectives gives little attention to teaching and mentoring
True
There is no principled reason why there should be two organizations in Europe with legal functions
True
The Nanai is part of what group of people?
Tungus-Manchu
The Negidal is part of what group of people?
Tungus-Manchu
The Oroch is part of what group of people?
Tungus-Manchu
The Orok is part of what group of people?
Tungus-Manchu
The Udegei is part of what group of people?
Tungus-Manchu
The Ulchi is part of what group of people?
Tungus-Manchu
Which language grouping includes the Ewen?
Tungusic
Which language grouping includes the Ewenki?
Tungusic
Which language grouping includes the Nanai?
Tungusic
Which language grouping includes the Negidal?
Tungusic
Which language grouping includes the Oroch?
Tungusic
Which language grouping includes the Orok?
Tungusic
Which language grouping includes the Ulchi?
Tungusic
Applicant countries
Turkey, Macedonia, montenegro, serbia, albania
Which language grouping includes Bashkir in EU?
Turkic
Which language grouping includes Chuvash in EU?
Turkic
Which language grouping includes Dolgan in Asia?
Turkic
Which language grouping includes Tatar in EU?
Turkic
Which language grouping includes Yakut in Asia?
Turkic
Albania, Bosnia (otherwise a minority in Europe)-only 4.9% of Europe's population
Two predominately Muslim countries:
What needs to be done before Brexit (March 2019)
UK and EU must agree to a legally binding agreement containing withdrawal agreement and a transition agreement. They also must agree to a non-binding political declaration outlining a framework for future relationship, post transition
which countries have not adopted the Euro?
UK, Sweden, Denmark
Has six official languages for business
UN
Most important center is in New York
UN
Some of its principal goals: to promote global peace, democracy, cooperation
UN
6 million of these people - Muslims in Xinjiang, unrest under Chinese rule
Uighur
Ukraine
Ukranian
Which language grouping includes Estonia in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Finnish in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Hungarians in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Karelian in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Komi in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Mari in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Mordvin in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Saami in EU?
Uralic
Which language grouping includes Udmurt in EU?
Uralic
protestant work ethic, Calvinism
Weber believes the _______________________ and ______________ are the causes of capitalism.
What form of government corresponds to national "planning" after WWII?
Welfare State
Fine member states, interpret/apply law
What 2 things does the European Court of Justice do?
1) Free market economy 2) Rule of law 3) Human rights 4) Democracy
What 4 things must a country have to join?
Yugoslav Wars were the first time the Eu showed a lack of power and initiative (no army NATO was eventually the one who stepped in (US, Turkey) EU didn't act and was divided internally by differences of opinion, let Yugoslavia turn into a bloody war (over 100,000 died) and didn't end until NATO, led by the US finally intervened
What about the EU?
Cyrillic, Latin, Greek
What are the official alphabets?
depopulation and immigration
What are two pressing issues?
set interest rates
What does the European Central Bank do?
European Court of Justice
What is the "Supreme Court" of Europe called?
European External Action Service
What is the EEAS?
1) DEMOCRACY 2) Respect for human rights 3) Human dignity 4) Freedom 5) Equality
What is the biggest value of the EU? What are the 5 other values?
United in Diversity
What is the motto?
Ode to Joy
What is the national anthem?
May 9
When is Europe Day?
2011
When was the EEAS founded?
1994
When was the European Central Bank founded?
Maastricht, Netherlands-Bonus Question
Where earasmus study?
Frankfurt
Where is the European Central Bank?
Luxembourg
Where is the European Court of Justice?
Ethnocentrism
While it is common human propensity to see the world through the medium of one's own culture, and to judge others by our own moral standards, one must try not to. Most basic form is to privilege any cultural belief or practice over another
Joseph Borrell
Who is the high representative of the EEAS?
Popularized the term Iron Curtain as used in the Cold War
Winston Churchill
EFTA Enlargement
Within 5 years of the southern enlargement, new requests came from Turkey, Cyprus, and Malta in 1990. These requests were shelved due to the cold war. Then came Austria, Sweden, Finland and Norway. The first three had economic and cultural ties to the west and were now free to reinterpret their own neutrality. All four governments wished to enhance their access to EC markets with a seat at the Brussels table, where decisions affecting them were being made. Denmark supported its Nordic neighbours and Germany backed Austria. All four negotiations concluded in 1994, then all four sought ratification. Three succeeded while the combination of fish, farming, and oil defeated the accession treaty in Norway. Austria, Finland, and Sweden joined the EU in 1995, membership now at 15.
First Wave Feminism-(late 19th century)
Women's push for suffrage (the right to vote and the right to run in elections) "Suffrage Movement" first European women's movement. Working class women paired with working class men (still a class struggle even though it was about gender) (labor rights movement turning into a feminist movement) (European feminism-tied to workers rights and emerged in sync with the labor party movement (labor unions, workers rights, leftist ideology (a response to the harsh conditions of factory owners and businessmen)))-class conflict most important part of it
Describe the 2 stages of a CJEU case
Written stage: The parties give written statements to the Court - and observations can also be submitted by national authorities, EU institutions and sometimes private individuals. All of this is summarized by the judge-rapporteur and then discussed at the Court's general meeting, which decides: How many judges will deal with the case: 3, 5 or 15 judges (the whole Court), depending on the importance and complexity of the case. Most cases are dealt with by 5 judges, and it is very rare for the whole Court to hear the case. Whether a hearing (oral stage) needs to be held and whether an official opinion from the advocate general is necessary. Oral stage - a public hearing: Lawyers from both sides can put their case to the judges and advocate general, who can question them.If the Court has decided an Opinion of the advocate general is necessary, this is given some weeks after the hearing. The judges then deliberate and give their verdict.
May have been decisive for the future of Eastern Europe after WWII
Yalta Conference
Who was the conqueror of the Khanate of Sibir who was sent by the Stroganov family, working for Ivan the Terrible?
Yermak
WW1, Croat, Slovenian, and Bosnian, AH Empire, Serbian Kingdom
Yugoslavia created after ______ when ________, _______, and _______ territory that had been part of the ________ was united with the ___________. The country broke up under Nazi occupation.
Yugoslavia Reading
Yugoslavia's logo: "brotherhood and unity" ended in 1991 when the Socialist federative Republic of Yugoslavia fragmented into its constitutive republics -The paper analyzes the logic of ethnic antagonism as it is manifested in new nations -Yugoslavia always a tentious region prone to conflict (stabilized under Josep Broz Tito's communist leadership) -Communist governments legitimacy began collapsing in 1988-89 when Serbian nationalist leader and former key official in Tito's government Slobodan Milosevic dismissed the autonom of Kosovo and deposed the government of montenegro (traded in Democratic elections-diverse results-anti-communist governemnts in Croatia and Slovenia, reinstalled Communist leadership in Serbia and Montenegro) -Many desperate for democratic transition (while Tito ensured peace and stability, Communist leadership had resulted in economic hardship, debt, and a decline in the standard of living)-fantasies surrounding democracy and capitalism) -New gov's were said to be representing "the people" but the question of who those people were was often based on the dominant ethnic groups of the respective republics -In slovenia the idea that slovenes were productive and efficient and would thrive if it not for communist policies and non-slovene's interfering. In serbia, Milosevic claimed that Serbians were the dominnt ethnic group and without foreign interference and the meddlings of other ethnic groups, Serbians would thrive "Greater Serbia" -All parties except the League of Reform Forces (Ante Markovic) praised the dominant ethnic group of their republic and scapegoated the minority ethnic groups (Markovics party preached an undivided Yugoslavia) -Redefining borders difficult-Ethnic groups mixeed in the process of modernization and urbanization, and under the intermingig under the Ottoman Empire and Austro-Hungarian empire (Bosnia 40% Muslim, 33% Serbian, 18% Croatian, and 9% other)-This meant that the enemy was one's own neighbor causing violence between previous friends -Ustase-Croats who, with the encouragement of the Nazi's, Waged ethnic war on non-croats in the second world war -Further divided by language and Religion -Milosevic tried to push the idea that Kosovan Albanians (90% of the population) were trying to push Serbs (10%) from their homeland, to stir anti-Alabnian animosity. Serbian official press began running propagandistic stories of Albanian Muslims raping Serbian women and destroying relgious artifacts Tried to reinforce this by reminding people of the Serbian/Ottoman clash -Croatia became increasingly more nationalistic as well (in repsonce) invoking memories of when Tito crushed the Croatian Spring which was a move by many influenctial writers, authors, artists, and people to have greater autonomy. Franjo Tudjman tried to erase the negative parts of Croatian history (Concentration camps established by the Ustase) -Ethnc conflict allowed political failures by leaders to be blamed on the enemy (allowing them to take praise for successes and pass on blame for failures) -allows leaders to have more power (need absolute power in order to successfully defeat the enemy) (this only fails if the people lose faith in their leaders or lose faith in the existence of the evil (as happened in Slovenia)
- Originally sedentary hunter-fishers, matriarchal - Paleoasiatic - Once widespread, killed by disease - Remnants became Russian allies against Chukchi - Pictographs, dismembered shaman for good luck
Yukagir
- Live in Russia & Alaska - Matriarchal sea mammal hunters - Sea hunting tech - Last known migration from Asia to Americas before EU's
Yupik
What language grouping includes the Aleut?
Yupik-Inuit-Aleut
What language grouping includes the Inuit living from Northern Alaska to Greenland?
Yupik-Inuit-Aleut
What language grouping includes the Yupik?
Yupik-Inuit-Aleut
1st Buddhist spiritual ruler in Mongolia, under Manchu political rule
Zanabazar
Slovenia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbia, Croatia, Vojvodina
_____________-Most homogeneous of the Yugoslav republics, Catholic _____________-Muslims (Bosniaks), Serbs, Croats, others, Very ethnically diverse (embraced diversity) _____________-Albanians (90%) and Serbians (10%) _____________-Predominantly Orthodox _____________-Catholic, Serbian minority _____________-Serbian (around 50%), Hungarian, Others
Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro
_______________ joined the EU in 2004 (in Central Eastern European expansion)-had an easier transition that many other former Yugoslav countries __________-applied in 2003, only got accepted in 2013 (caused animosity-Croatia's enemy Slovenia accepted first) ___________-applied but not accepted yet (in negotiations) _________________-applied but Greece denied as Macedonia as a name historically references a larger territory which includes Greek territory (found the name expansionist) ___________-applied but not yet accepted ___________-applied and in negotiation
Multiculturalism
a more diverse cultural identity and approach to culture. Comprised of more than one culture (foundational value of the EU). Melting pot, mixing bowl, different ancestors, distinctive cultures (coexist)
what is 'welfare chauvinism' and what political party (and more generally the political ideology) is aligned with this movement?
a movement of people protesting "freeloading foreigners" who they view as putting a strain on pensions and resources; the Danish People's party is closely associated with this but it also has gotten support from populists parties across Europe
Devolution
a process by which the regions of the country seek more economic, political, and social autonomy (not necessarily independence)
what is the Czech Biogas Association?
a proposition to construct a GasHighway to encourage the use of cars fueled by biogas
European Commission
administers the budget and is responsible for framework and promotion programs, guardian of treaties, proposes legislation, negotiates international treaties and represents the EU in certain international organizations, 28 commissioners: one per member state, commission president is nominated by the european council and is elected by the parliament, commissioners are appointed by national governments and are approved by parliament
What religion were the Udmurt people?
animist
Superstructure
art, religion, law, everything not in economic sphere)
Bosnia Hertzegovinia
became a battleground (in the center, couldn't fight each other directly but could fight in Bosnia, all had ethnic representatives and groups in Bosnia (incredibly diverse)
Plato
believed that everyone as initially born a man and then some men (the inferior men) were reborn as women
The Uralic and Turkic people of EU have what kind of populations?
bigger
Holy Khan, similar to Tibet's dalai lama
bogd khan
"Predestination"
certain people might be saved, want to show the rest they are predestined by working hard, look up to understand better
Traditional spiritual ruler in Tibet, in exile since late 50s
dalai lama
Essentialism
deals with the essence of things and their fundamental nature (we have a tendency to categorize, find meaning, divide, classify) Put people into boxes you already understand. a belief that things have a set of characteristics which make them what they are, and that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery and expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence.
Marx
discusses the concept of loneliness, alienation, separation from the finished product, and alienation from one's own species meaning (life lacks meaning) often stemming from the conditions of the Industrial revolution (we are a species who seeks to find meaning in life, and without it, society will become very tires, lonely, and will eventually revolt against these conditions)
Base
economic mode of production (including means of production and relations of production)
who nominates president of the eu commission
european council
who elects president of the eu commission
european parliament
Eurobarometer
every few months check on europeans feelings, polls on how Europeans are feeling on different issues, shows increased rise in euroscepticism (European parliament has started posting videos of what they do that's positive because many times state gov's take credit for positive things the EU does and blame it for whatever goes wrong-because EU is somewhat distant and different languages are spoken-this is easy to do) 80% of legislation passed in European conducted and created by the EU Supranational Assembly
what are Sweden's innovative green policies?
exporting electricity to surrounding countries and finding ways to recycle waste from the lumber industry
The Ainu, Nivkh, and Itelmen were __ folk of the Pacific Rim, with domesticated dogs
fisher
What type of food grouping were the Coastal Chukhi in?
food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Coastal Koryak in?
food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Tlingit and many other North American Indian groups in?
food extractor
What type of food grouping were the Yukagir in?
food extractor
Class
groups of people who can be classified together based on factors like socioeconomic status and the division of labor. There are those who own the means of production and those who work to survive
Protestant Work Ethic
hard working ethic, focus on individualism, if you don't work you will starve, everyone needs to work, work is the main focus, frugality, leisure must always come second, pairs well with capitalism (protestants do well in capitalist societies)
Churchill's proposal
he proposes the founding of the united states of europe
European Council
highest political institution guiding the EU, provides eu with necessary impetus for its development and defines the general political directions and priorities, seeks to achieve compromises in contentious matters and negotiations, heads of states/govs, presidents of the european council and the european commission, Council convenes for the EU summit at least twice every six months, president of EU council gets appointed by the council for a term of two and a half years
Primordialism
idea that ethnic identity is more or less unchangeable (permanent). Tends to discuss ethnic identity and culture as things of a genetic nature as opposed to something that is acquired through one's environment and interactions.
European Parliament
law-making, decides with the council on EU finances, supervises the commission, elects and approves members of the commission and the commission president, 751 deputies
Subsidiary Principle
members states remain responsible for areas where they have not transferred powers to the EU, unless they are unable to achieve the proposed objectives
Social welfare net
nimat
All other reindeer breeders were basically __
nomadic
Petit Bourgeoisie
people who still have nice clothes and purchase nicer food products and travel but aren't fully in the bourgeoisie class.
Scientific exploration & colonization of some of North Asia begins under __
peter the great
The Yukagir were __ hunters of Northeastern Siberia
reindeer
The Coastal Chukchi (Anqallyt) and Coastal Kuryat tripes were __ hunters
sea mammal
The Yupik, Inuit, and Aleut people were __ hunters, with domesticated dogs
sea mammal
Tungus-Manchu people were semi __ due to their reliance on fishing
sedentary
Traditional Bashkir people were __ but practiced __
sedentary, transhumance
Traditional Tatar people were __ but practiced __
sedentary, transhumance
Yakut people were __ but practiced __
sedentary, transhumance
All people of the Asian Arctic and Beringia had traditional tribal belief systems or were what religion?
shaman
All native people of NE Siberia & Beringia are __, apart from the __
small, Yakut
independent countries
sovereign states come together and decide on issues above
Treaty of Rome
the 1957 treaty that established the European Community and the EAEC, single market
Schengen Zone
the area of the EU that has agreed to completely passport-free travel across the borders of member countries
what is the Spanish city Jumilla famous for?
the largest photo-voltaic plant (electricity production) in the world
what countries are not participating in the schengen agreement
uk, ireland
New Romanov tsars sent in these evil governors/local military leaders to build forts/collect furs
voyevoda
Council of Ministers
with european parliament they work to eu legislation and the eu budget, economic and social policy sole decision-making body with regard to common foreign and security policy and certain areas of trade and social policy, varies by policy are each composition consists of one representative per member state and who is authorized by his or her government to take binding decisions
fur tribute $
yasak
Religion of Tibet, though it was once a powerful warlike kingdom
yellow hat buddhist
UN
50 states sign the united nations charta, formally establishing the un
how many members of the eu parliament
751
Describe the European Parliament.
751 membered body established in 1952 (as the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community, 1962 as European Parliament). It is the EU's law-making body. Legislative role: passing EU laws, together with the Council of the EU, based on European Commission proposals, deciding on international agreements, deciding on enlargements, reviewing the Commission's work programme. Supervisory role: democratic scrutiny of all EU institutions, electing the Commissions President, granting discharge, examining citizen's petitions and setting up inquiries, discussing monetary policy, questioning commission and council, election observations. Budgetary Role: establishing the EU budget with Council, approving the EU's long term budget. The EP decides on international agreements and enlargements.
Who is Jean Monnet?
A Frenchman who had a plan to bring peace to Europe. French political and economic adviser. Inspired the Schuman Plan.
What year was the Treaty of Paris treaty signed? (ECSC)
1951
What year was the Treaty of Rome signed?
1957
What year was the Luxembourg Compromise?
1966. Following a political crisis, France agrees to take part in Council meetings once again, in return for an agreement that the unanimity rule be maintained when 'vital national interests' are at stake.
When was the Hague Summit?
1969
Main phases of European enlargement
1973: UK, Denmark and Ireland 1981: Greece 1986: Spain and Portugal 1995: Sweden, Finland and Austria 2004: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia 2007: Bulgaria and Romania 2013: Croatia The enlargements of 1973, the 80s, and 1995 expanded the European integration project from six to 15 members. Each aided the growth of common norms and practices to govern anticipated future enlargements.
What year was the European Council established?
1974. At the Paris Summit, the political leaders of the nine member states decide to meet three times a year as the European Council. They also give the go-ahead for direct elections to the European Parliament, and agree to set up the European Regional Development Fund.
What year was the SEA?
1986
What year was the Maastricht Treaty?
1992
What year was the Single Market created?
1993
What year was the Treaty of Amsterdam?
1997. The Amsterdam European Council agrees a treaty giving the European Union new powers and responsibilities.
What year was the Lisbon treaty?
2007
Describe the composition of the CJEU
28 judges, one from each country. They are renewable, on a six year term. President of the judges, elected by the judges and is responsible for judicial and administrative activities, presides over Grand Chamber sessions (when 13 judges sit). Advocates-General, 9 members who are a support role, present opinions on cases.
how many countries does the eu include which countries are members
28 members: Germany, spain, portugal, france, italy, copenhagen, luxemburg, malta, belgium, netherlands, ireland, uk, sweden, finland, lithuania, latvia, estonia, poland, czech republic, austria, hungary, cyrpus, romania, croatia, bulgaria, greece, slovenia, slovakia,
The objectives of the CFSP
According to Article J.1 of title V of the Maastricht Treaty, the European Union defines and implements a common foreign and security policy that covers all areas of foreign and security policy, the objectives of which are to: Safeguard the common values, fundamental interests, independence and integrity of the Union in conformity with the principles of the United Nations Charter; Strengthen the security of the Union in all ways; Preserve peace and strengthen international security, in accordance with the principles of the United Nations Charter, as well as the principles of the Helsinki Final Act and the objectives of the Paris Charter, including those on external borders; Promote international co-operation; Develop and consolidate democracy and the rule of law, and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Common Commercial Policy
Achieved by 1957 Treaty of Rome, made sure EEC countries worked together to negotiate international trade agreements. Establishes trade as a supranational competency. Aim is to manage external dimension of customs union. Approach is uniform conduct of trade relations with 3rd countries. Instruments: 1) Trade promotion: to develop and organize international activities, complex trade agreements, bilateral, multilateral, inter-regional 2) Trade defence: to combat perceived unjust practices, ex. dumping cheap goods. Often working with the WTO, links with other areas like human rights.
List the 28 EU countries
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
Cleavages of the EU
Big states vs. Smaller states & Industrialized states vs. Agricultural states
Decline of support for EU
By 1992, most people saw membership as positive and there was EU enthusiasm, 1997 less than 50% support for membership, the original 6 countries are generally pro-EU, eurosceptism is growing, Attempts to revive the EU support have failed
Discuss Greece in the Debt Crisis
By fall 2009, the newly elected Greek government announced that its budgetary deficit was much higher than what the previous Greek government had reported. The question became: would EU institutions or other states bail out the Greek government? If Greece were left to its own devices, it would likely have to default on its public debt. Besides severe troubles in Greece, a default would mean that Greek public debt held by banks would then turn into bad loans, putting already strained banks in further jeopardy, and could trigger a second crisis. It was also argued that a bailout would discourage the governments of other countries from behaving in a fiscally sound manner. It was also clear that a bailout would need to be funded through a new financial commitment from the member states. It was later decided that a member state in need was one that had to be supported. This meant the EU either needed to give up EMU or deal with its design flaws.
What is the Common Agricultural Policy?
CAP is a set of EU policies to stabilize food supply, guarantee the economic viability of farming through agricultural subsidies and promote rural development in the EU.
Court of Auditors
Checks the financing of the Union's activities.
Describe the European Council
Created in 1974, sometimes called the summit. It defines the general political direction and priorities of the European Union. Its members include heads of state or government of EU countries, European Commission President, High Representative for Foreign Affairs & Security Policy. It became an official EU institution in 2009. The European Council brings together EU leaders to set the EU's political agenda. It represents the highest level of political cooperation between EU countries. One of the EU's 7 official institutions, the Council takes the form of (usually quarterly) summit meetings between EU leaders, chaired by a permanent president. This institution CAN NOT pass laws. Deals with complex or sensitive issues that cannot be resolved at lower levels of intergovernmental cooperation. Sets policy on foreign and security issues. On each issue, the European Council can: ask the European Commission to make a proposal to address it. pass it on to the Council of the EU to deal with.
How does the European parliament work?
Committees are in place to prepare legislation. The Parliament numbers 20 committees and two subcommittees, each handling a particular policy area. The committees examine proposals for legislation, and MEPs and political groups can put forward amendments or propose to reject a bill. These issues are also debated within the political groups. Plenary sessions are in place to pass the legislation. This is when all the MEPs gather in the chamber to give a final vote on the proposed legislation and the proposed amendments. Normally held in Strasbourg for four days a month, but sometimes there are additional sessions in Brussels.
Euro
Common currency of EU (exceptions: UK & Sweden)
Internal challenges in the EU?
EU is an unfinished project, a constant work in progress, no 'normal times' Ebbs and flows of political support Variation in Member states' desire for further integration Deepening vs widening debate Process vs substance
the ECB
European Central Bank is the key authority of the EMU. The role is to manage the euro, keep prices stable and conduct EU economic & monetary policy. Sets the interest rates at which it lends to commercial banks in the eurozone (also known as the euro area), thus controlling money supply and inflation, Manages the eurozone's foreign currency reserves and the buying or selling of currencies to balance exchange rates, Ensures that financial markets & institutions are well supervised by national authorities, and that payment systems work well, Ensures the safety and soundness of the European banking system, Authorizes production of euro banknotes by eurozone countries, Monitors price trends and assesses risks to price stability.
What is the EEA ?
European Economic Area: EU members plus Iceland, Norway, Lichtenstein. These members pay dues to allow for movement of people but are not member states, cannot vote, do not use the Euro, etc.
who elects the president of the eu commission
European Parliament
What is the Marshall Plan?
European Recovery Program. The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to aid Western Europe and help to rebuild Western European economies after WWII. Rebuild war torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, improve European prosperity and prevent communism. George C Marshall was Secretary of State when he carried out the Marshall Plan.
What are some arguments for and against the CJEU?
For: without the CJEU, there is no enforcement of EU law. It grants EU citizens and MS equal rights in areas of CJEU jurisdiction. CJEU rulings the process of integration and protects benefits. Against: Law is one of the most fundamental aspects of national sovereignty. The CJEU is a slow and cumbersome body. Imposing European standards on member states challenges traditional national legal practices.
Who is Robert Schuman?
French foreign minister, with Jean Monnet he drew up the Schuman plan published on 9 May 1950.
Talk about the European debt crisis
From early 2009 recessions across the EU. The global financial crisis hit the United States but several European countries were hit especially hard. The initial perception was that the EMU protected the euro area countries against negative effects of the crisis. In the first years of the financial crisis, most EU governments chose to run higher budgetary deficits. Public finances were particularly strained by government guarantees, capital injections, and other measures to buttress banks. Two years later, it turned into a sovereign debt crisis. Interest rates rose to unsustainably high levels.
First Enlargement 1973
Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark. This first enlargement was prolonged and difficult, and even in 1973 it seemed less than finalized. The economic crisis of the 70s stalled much of the EEC's agenda for EMU, and Britain and Denmark witnessed growing EU skepticism. In the end, British voters agreed by two-thirds majority to remain.
What were the institutions of the ECSC?
High Authority (future European Commission): represents the supranational aspect, included nine members who were independent, did not represent a state The Council of Ministers: the intergovernmental aspect. included representatives of member states. Its role was to scrutinize the High Authority. The presidency rotated between mem. states The Common Assembly: (now the European Parliament): 78 representatives. Prior to 1979, reps were elected by national parliaments. Its role was to monitor the High Authority, which it had the power to dismiss. The Court of Justice: had seven judges, oversaw the application of ECSC law and its interpretation. The European Economic and Social Committee: Had 30-50 members. brings the input of professional associations in the decision making process.
Why is Turkey not in the EU
Human rights issues and geopolitical factors.
European Parliament
Represents EU's citizens and is directly elected by them, 736 members elected every 5 years. Propose amendments to legislation. Gained more power w/ Lisbon Treaty.
how did eu address democratic deficit and popular apathy
Institutional solutions: increase role of EP, national parliaments, public participation, and renationalize eu policies Republican model: participatory form of collective governance and citizenship, pluralist policy or retention of constitutional identities but feeling of belonging to democratic whole, and achieve legitimacy through creation of demos
What are some of the key debates about the EU?
Is the EU an alternative to the nation-state model? Is the EU the most effective response to today's economic and political challenges? Should the EU be only an economic bloc? Can the EU be democratically accountable? Can the EU have a single voice in the international arena? Should/can it continue to expand?
What is the problem with the euro
It began as one of the most far reaching achievements of european integration but there have been recent woes due to the economic crisis. The decentralized institutional framework is not suited for a crisis, solution could be a more centralized economic authority.
How is Brexit a multiple-level game?
It is complex in both policy and political terms. Policy: May has pledged that the UK will have an independent trade policy by leaving the customs union, will have control over immigration by leaving single market and will have sovereignty over laws by leaving ECJ. It it extremely difficult to do all these things after 45 years in the EU. Political: policy outcomes need to satisfy a multitude of groups, it's not just a two level game of domestic and international but multiple, cabinet, party, nation, etc.
European Community
July 1 1967 the ECSC, EEC, and the EAEC combine to form this
Which treaty established the European Union
Maastricht Treaty 1994- established the three pillars: european community, common foreign and security policy and justice/home affairs
The Hague Congress
May 7th-11th 1948. More than a thousand delegates from some 20 European countries discuss new forms of cooperation in Europe. They come out in favour of setting up a 'European assembly'.
What is the Schengen Area?
Most EU states are included, plus a few non. It is intended to abolish border checks within this area, came about with the Treaty of Amsterdam, Schengen agreements became part of framework for EU. The Schengen Area allows for movement between states. Cleared through one border check into the area.
External challenges of the EU
Multiple voices in foreign affairs Weak leadership in international arena Capability-expectations gap 'Soft power' often ineffective
Council of Ministers
Represents individual member states; composed of head of each member country. EU proposals don't become law until they have been passed by this body.
What are the three EU pillars established in the Maastricht treaty?
Pillar I: European communities: common market, customs union, economic and monetary union, Competition, CAP, CCP, CFP, Public health, social policy, culture, youth, environment, nuclear power, energy, etc. Pillar II: Common Foreign and Security Policy: foreign policy, coordinated position on international crises, respect for the obligations of member states toward NATO Pillar III: Justice and Home Affairs: asylum, immigration, crossing of external borders, combating drug addiction, fraud, international crime, customs operations, police (Europol)
Describe the power and impact of the CJEU
Power increased over time. It has an influence over inter-institutional dynamics, for example it helped to increase the role of the EP. It has a commitment to promotion of democratic principles, promoting the EU in turn. It promotes community policies. It aims to maintain stability in enlarged EU. When integration slows, its activism is stronger. CJEU holds power because its rulings are binding on nations and citizens via the principles of EU law, known as Direct Effect and Supremacy. CJEU rulings tend to favour giving more power to the EU, strengthening European integration and the CJEU itself.
What are the sources of EU law?
Primary sources: Treaties Secondary Sources: legislation, regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations and opinions Tertiary sources: case law from the CJEU, general principles of EU law, international treaties
Who is Winston Churchill?
Prime Minister of Great Britain. Following WWII, he was convinced that only a united Europe could guarantee peace. He wanted to eliminate nationalism and war-mongering. Called for a "united states of Europe"
European Commission
Seeks to uphold interests of the Union as a whole; bureaucracy of several thousand European civil servants. Main responsibility is to initiate & implement new programs. Executive arm of EU (like a cabinet).
Define federalism
Sharing of power between national and state governments
Compare the EU to a state or international organization.
Similar to a state as it has an array of tasks, is a legislative actor, but different in that it does not hold taxation power and holds less power. The EU has to run policy by member states. A state only has itself to deal with. International organizations differ in that its tasks are more specific and limited. Member states control international organizations more so than the EU. International organizations have no legislative role.
Requirements for Membership
Stable & functioning democracy, market-oriented economy, accept all EU laws & regulations.
The EU and the war on terror
Terrorism is a foreign and security challenge for the EU. There are new cross-cutting issues like domestic issues such as immigration, policing, and external issues such as warfare in Afghanistan and Iraq. This is a divisive issue within the EU, ex. France and Germany vs US/UK on Iraq. The 2003 European Security Strategy identified key threats: terrorism, organized crime. It is firmly intergovernmental, intelligence rejected.
Describe the single market
The European single market is a single market which seeks to guarantee the free movement of goods, capital, services, and labour - the "four freedoms" - within the EU. The market encompasses the EU's 28 member states, and has been extended, with exceptions, to Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the Agreement on the European Economic Area and to Switzerland through bilateral treaties.
What are the EU's current challenges
The democratic deficit, declining popular support, the euro, internal and external challenges
Who is Konrad Adenauer?
The first chancellor of Germany. He changed the face of post-war German and European history. He began the campaign for reconciliation with France. This push to reconcile produced the EU, European integration and the relative peace in Europe.
What is the Copenhagen Criteria?
The rules that define whether a country is eligible to join the EU. Countries must have the institutions to preserve democratic governance and human rights, a functioning market economy, and accepts the obligations and intent of the EU. The criteria has political, economic and legislative aspects. Acceptance of all EU law (acquis communautaire)
The treaty of amsterdam and the JHA
Three major changes: 1) Communitarization of part of third pillar, some third pillar items moved to first like immigration and asylum, increased the role of commission, EP and ECJ 2) Remaining third pillar streamlined, towards increased coop in criminal matters, increased role of Commission, EP, ECJ but council main player via unanimity 3) Adoption of Schengen, complicated membership, multi-speed europe
Three Pillars (spheres of authority)
Trade & economic cooperation, law enforcement & human rights, foreign policy & European security.
Treaty of Rome
Treaty from 1957 that established the European Economic Community, informally named the 'Common Market'.
Treaty of Lisbon
Treaty from 2007 that gave more power to European Parliament and set procedures for leaving the EU, among other things.
Treaty of Amsterdam
Treaty signed in 1997 that aimed to establish free movement of EU citizens and non-EU nationals t/out Union.
Maastricht Treaty
Treaty that established the EU in 1991, has three pillars or spheres of authority.
The single market competition policy.
Tries to prevent anti-competitive behaviour of companies, including price agreements, market-sharing agreements, or abuse of a dominant position a firm may possibly have in a market. On occasion it imposes hefty fines on companies found to have engaged in such practices. DG competition also reviews proposed mergers between companies. It can block mergers between companies if the merged company would achieve a dominant position in certain markets. DG competition can act only if the anti-competitive practice or potential merger has a cross-border dimension. it can also disallow state aid, like subsidies to companies by national, provincial or municipal governments. It aims to promote a level playing field between firms across the EU.
Describe the Empty Chair Crisis.
Two developments in the EEC led to the Empty Chair Crisis. The 1965 Hallstein Commission proposal to increase the Commission's role as well as to enhance the European Parliament's budgetary powers with a view to developing the Communities' own financial resources. The upcoming third stage of the transitional period for the Common Market (1966), which involved the application of QMV in the Council of Ministers. This development worried de Gaulle who feared CAP would change against France's interests. When compromise was not reached, France withdrew its rep from Council meetings on July 1 1965, refused to participate, thus paralyzing decision-making at the EEC level. Lasted a year and a half. the SEA was established to pursue negotiations until all member states are satisfied. This meant that member states could invoke the concept of vital interests in order to block decisions in the Council.
Court of Justice
Upholds the rule of European law, has power of judicial review. May limit national sovereignty.