Evaluating Messages

Mixed Reality

- digital elements that are introduced into the real world or vice versa.

Virtual Reality

- information conveyed in digitally simulated environments such as a game.

Points

A position on a coordinate system without area; no dimensions

Physical Texture

An artist may paint with expressive brushstrokes whose texture conveys the physical and emotional energy of both the artist and his/her subject. They may also use the natural texture of their materials to suggest their own unique qualities such as the grain of wood, the grittiness of sand, the flaking of rust, the coarseness of cloth and the smear of paint.

Optical Texture

An artist may use his/her skillful painting technique to create the illusion of texture. For example, in the detail from a traditional Dutch still life above you can see remarkable verisimilitude (the appearance of being real) in the painted insects and drops of moisture on the silky surface of the flower petals.

Clothing, artifacts and color

Appearance, style, Variations in clothing & environmental colors

Spoken (oral) Meaning

Choice of words, phrases, and sentences are organized through linguistic grammar conventions, register, and genre. Composing _______ includes choices around mood, emotion, emphasis, fluency, speed, volume, tempo, pitch, rhythm, pronunciation, intonation, and dialect.

Gestural meaning

Conveyed through choices of body movement; facial expression, eye movements and gaze, demeanor, gait, dance, acting, action sequences. It also includes use of rhythm, speed, stillness and angles, including 'timing, frequency, ceremony and ritual'. Gestures and body language may have diverse cultural connotations.

Visual Meaning

Conveyed through choices of visual resources and includes both still image and moving images. Images may include diverse cultural connotations, symbolism and portray different people, cultures and practices.

Spatial Meaning

Conveyed through design of spaces, using choices of spatial resources including: scale, proximity, boundaries, direction, layout, and organization of objects in the space. Space extends from design of the page in a book, a page in a graphic novel or comic, a webpage on the screen, framing of shots in moving image, to the design of a room, architecture, streetscapes, and landscapes.

Audio Meaning

Conveyed through sound, including choices of music representing different cultures, ambient sounds, noises, alerts, silence, natural/unnatural sounds, and use of volume, beat, tempo, pitch, and rhythm. Lyrics in a song may also include multiple languages

Spoken (oral) Meaning

Conveyed through spoken language via live or recorded speech and can be monologic or dialogic.

Written Meaning

Conveyed through written language via handwriting, the printed page, and the screen. Choices of words, phrases, and sentences are organized through linguistic grammar convention register (where language is varied according to context), and genre (knowledge of how a text type is organized and staged to meet a specific purpose).

Haptics

Different types of touching

format

Everything we see is perceived in relation to some kind of external limit. This external limit is the ___.

Proxemics

How space and distance are used

Paralinguistics

How words are spoken, variations in the voice

Written Meaning

In bilingual or multilingual texts, ______ may be conveyed through different scripts and laid out differently, whether typed or handwritten.

transliteration

Learners may write words from their home languages using English letters

Facial expression

Nose, mouth, eye movement

Man-Made Pattern

Pattern in art is used for both structural and decorative purposes. For example, an artist may plan the basic structure of an artwork by creating a compositional pattern of lines and shapes. Within that composition he/she may develop its visual elements to create a more decorative pattern of color, tone and texture across the work.

Kinesics

Posture, rate of walk, gestures

Textures

Structures that can be seen and/or felt; can be formed from either objects or structure lines or both; can be ornamental, random, or mechanical and we can classify them in the same way we classify abstract structures. They can be formal, informal, gradations, radiations, or spirals.

Created texts

Texts authored by non-native speakers for non-native speakers to achieve pre-determined curricular goals.

Semi-authentic texts

Texts created by native and/or non-native speaker, based on original language materials, but adapted to fit curricular needs.

Authentic texts

Texts created by native speakers for native speakers for consumption in a native environment.

perspective drawing

The angles and curves of shapes appear to change depending on our viewpoint. The technique we use to describe this change is called ____.

Objects

The basic elements we have to work with. Can be abstract or concrete

Structures

The patterns formed from our basic elements. Can be abstract or concrete.

Activities

The processes we can represent with our basic elements and patterns.

Relations

The relationships between objects, patterns, and processes. They're the way everything in your design relates to each other and the viewer.

Gradation

The structure units change in form or size, but at an even rate.

Radiation

The structure units radiate from a common center

Formal

There is an even distribution of elements and spacing (structure units) between them.

Spiral

There is uneven distribution from a common center.

Ephemeral Texture

This is a third category of textures whose fleeting forms are subject to change like clouds, smoke, flames, bubbles and liquids.

form

This is defined by a contour of surfaces and lines; is how a thing looks.

Informal

This is the lack of regularity in the arrangement of objects; l if the objects do not follow straight structural lines.

Chronemics

Using time to communicate

Natural Pattern

We can see these in the shape of a leaf and the branches of a tree, the structure of a crystal, and the spiral of a shell, the symmetry of a snowflake and the camouflage and signaling patterns on animals, fish and insects; inspiration we get from observing; occur in nature

Color

We perceive different wavelengths of light as color. A form can be any color, though we are limited to seeing only those colors in the visual spectrum.

Abstract Structures

When the structure lines of a structure are invisible and inactive

Structure

Whenever we place two or more objects in relation to one another we form a __.

Art

__ and performance are forms of communication. For example, a painting that critiques society, culture, politics or economics.

inside

___ and including the contour itself is our object, our shape, our form

language, visual symbols and signs

___ is not the only important communication system in digital media, since ____ are as significant as written or spoken language.

Messages

___ that are sent to a person or group of people such as a letter, email, or direct message.

outside

____ the contour is everything else.

surfaces

a series of lines that are adjacent to each other and perpendicular to their direction; two dimensions

lines

a series of points adjacent to each other; one dimension

medium, mode

a traffic sign as the ___ of communication and the red border and the image inside it as the ____.

Documents

a written artifact such as a note, research paper, report, chart, presentation or meeting minutes. Often a digital file.

volumes

an empty space defined by surfaces, lines and points; three dimensions

Multimodality

an inter-disciplinary approach that understands communication and representation to be more than about language. It has been developed over the past decade to systematically address much-debated questions about changes in society, for instance in relation to new media and technologies.

Conversation

an interactive conversation in person or using a voice tool such as a telephone. For example, word-of-mouth recommendations of a television show that cause viewership to rise.

Broadcast Media

any media that is transmitted from a single point to a large audience such a radio station or television show.

Abstract Objects

are idealized shapes that can't physically be created; points, lines, surfaces, volumes

cultural texts

are not one-dimensional; A text is not simply representative of one culture; it does not belong to one culture, even if it purposely excludes others semiotically; it is dynamic

Concrete Objects

are perceived within defined limits called contours.

Objects

are the basic elements at our disposal. They're akin to letters and words; to express different ideas and concepts; the most basic elements we can add to any design.

size

can be large or small. They are perceived relative to the person viewing, other forms in the composition, and the format of the design.

Three-Dimensional Form

can be modelled (added form), carved (subtracted form) and constructed (built form). It can be created from sculptural materials like clay, wax, plaster, wood, stone, concrete, cast and constructed metal, plastics, resins, glass and mixed media. It may also be kinetic, involving light and movement generated by natural, mechanical and electronic means. More recently the CAD process of 3D printing has been added to the list of sculptural processes.

Shape

can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular, flat (2-dimensional) or solid (3-dimensional), representational or abstract, geometric or organic, transparent or opaque, positive or negative, decorative or symbolic, colored, patterned or textured

shot distance

close shot, mid shot, long shot

proximity

close, open

form, size, color

concrete objects have:

Two-Dimensional Form

constructs the illusion of 3D in 2D media by a skillful manipulation of the visual elements. Perspective drawing, trompe l'oeil [1], 3D computer graphics programs and holograms

Multiple literacies or "modes"

contribute to an audience's understanding of a composition. Everything from the placement of images to the organization of the content to the method of delivery creates meaning.

Multimodality

describes communication practices in terms of the textual, aural, linguistic, spatial, and visual resources used to compose messages

Visible structures

do not have to include objects. As long as the structure lines are visible, the structure itself is visible; can include the objects being organized, but they don't have to

Publication

documents that are distributed to the public such as a book, eBook or newspaper.

writing, gesture, posture, gaze, font choice and color, images, video, and even the interactions between them

examples of modes

Live multimodal texts

for example, dance, performance, and oral storytelling, convey meaning through combinations of various modes such as gestural, spatial, audio, and oral language.

Concrete Structures

have either visible or active structure lines; directly show the structure; can be visible compositions on their own such as the patterns that form into textures.

cultural texts

having cultural layers of understanding where groups different in age, race, nationality, or sexual orientation may read and understand a collection of signs in different ways.

angle

high angle, low angle, eye level

Text

in semiotics refers to a combination of signs, signifier and mechanisms like metonymy; could be a sentence, a paragraph, an image, a story, or a collection of stories; Collection of signs in a single photograph or painting, a video clip, a television show, a feature film and whenever these signs come together

Digital multimodal texts

include film, animation, slide shows, e-posters, digital stories, podcasts, and web pages that may include hyperlinks to external pronunciation guides or translations.

Paper-based multimodal texts

include picture books, text books, graphic novels, comics, and posters.

Visual resources

include: framing, vectors, symbols, perspective, gaze, point of view, color, texture, line, shape, casting, saliency, distance, angles, form, power, involvement/detachment, contrast, lighting, naturalistic/non-naturalistic, camera movement, and subject movement.

Interactive Media

information environments that can be explored as a website or app.

communication medium

is a means of conveying meaning to people. This includes any outlet that can be used to communicate knowledge, data, emotion, entertainment, visual symbols and any other type of information

Multimodality

is a theory which looks at the many different modes that people use to communicate with each other and to express themselves

motif

is a usually recurring salient thematic element (As in the arts) especially: a dominant idea or central theme.

Pattern

is made by repeating or echoing the elements of an artwork to communicate a sense of balance, harmony, contrast, rhythm or movement.

Form

is the physical volume of a shape and the space that it occupies; can be representational or abstract; generally refers to sculpture, 3D design and architecture but may also relate to the illusion of 3D on a 2D surface.

Simple unlocking

means distinguishing the objects present, even colors. As these gradually come to the fore, careful investigations of the value each present follows.

Multimodal representations

mediate the sociocultural ways in which these modes are combined in the communication process

text

not limited to something written down; can be a film, an artifact, anything in a language and culture that conveys meaning.

Cultural texts

objects, actions, and behaviors that reveal cultural meanings.

relevant cultural texts

one that has one connection with your project; meaning transferred to that text by the people who create and/or use the text

irrelevant cultural text

one that may have nothing to do with your project; meaning was not transferred to that text by the people who create and/or use the text

Physical Environment

physical things such a billboard, product package, in-store display or movie poster.

Multimodal approaches

provided concepts, methods and a framework for the collection and analysis of visual, aural, embodied, and spatial aspects of interaction and environments, and the relationships between these. It is the application of multiple literacies within one medium. For example, understanding a televised weather forecast (medium) involves understanding spoken language, written language, weather specific language (such as temperature scales), geography, and symbols (clouds, sun, rain, etc.).

Multimodality

refers to the interplay between different representational modes, for instance, between images and written/spoken word.

mode

signs: sound, graphic material, print

Images

static visual information such as photographs, symbols, graphs, or diagrams.

Video

such as a film, television show or a promotional music video.

Music

such as a song that communicates an emotion or aesthetic.

optically, physically

texture in two ways:

visual elements

the building blocks of composition in art. When we analyze any drawing, painting, sculpture or design, we examine these component parts to see how they combine to create the overall effect of the artwork.

Line

the foundation of all drawing. It is the first and most versatile of the visual elements of art; ___ in an artwork can be used in many different ways. It can be used to suggest shape, pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, distance, rhythm, movement and a range of emotions.

Tone

the lightness or darkness of a color. The tonal values of an artwork can be adjusted to alter its expressive character.

media

the manner of dissemination

Semiotics

the study of signs and symbols

Texture

the surface quality of an artwork - the roughness or smoothness of the material from which it is made.

Color

the visual element that has the strongest effect on our emotions. We use __ to create the mood or atmosphere of an artwork.

Active structures

those where the structure lines influence the form of the objects within the structure; the objects need to be present, but the structure lines can be absent as long as their influence is seen.

gaze

to viewer (demand, offer), between participants (roles and relationships

Social Media

tools that allow anyone to share content with a potentially large audience

natural pattern, man-made pattern

two basic types of pattern in art:

Public Speaking

verbal communication that is more or less one-way such as a presentation at a conference.

e Line, Shape, Tone, Color, Pattern, texture, Form

visual elements: