EVO CUMULATIVE QUIZZES
A fruit fly population has a gene with two alleles, A1 and A2. Tests show that 70% of the gametes produced in the population contain the A1 allele. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of flies carry both A1 & A2 - are heterozygous?
0.42
In humans, Rh-positive individuals have the Rh antigen on their red blood cells, while Rh-negative individuals do not. If the Rh-positive phenotype is produced by a dominant gene (A), and the Rh-negative phenotype is due to its recessive allele (a), what is the frequency of the Rh-positive allele if 84% of a population is Rh-positive?
0.60
A systematist is exploring a planet in another solar system and discovers the following four interesting species. After being told that species "A" is very primitive, our systematist decides to use it as the outgroup for a phylogenetic systematic analysis. 10-13) A cladogram is generated. Mark on the tree the appearance of all characters.
10. eyes on stalk 11. feet present 12. antennae present 13. spines present
Of the cladograms shown below, which one shows a different evolutionary history from the others?
3
Within a few weeks of treatment with the drug 3TC, a patient's HIV population consists of entirely of 3TC-resistant viruses. How can this result best be explained?
A few drug-resistant viruses were present at the start of treatment, and natural selection increased their frequency.
Based on morphological characteristics, the phylogenetic tree above has been developed for species I, II, III, and IV. DNA sequencing has recently been completed for a particular gene found in all four species. The sequencing will provide additional information for answering which of the following questions?
Are species III and IV the most closely related?
Which of the following is NOT a condition that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Dominant alleles more frequent than recessive alleles
Which of the following factors would NOT contribute to ALLOPATRIC speciation?
Gene flow between the two populations is extensive.
Select the factor most likely to have caused the animals and plants of India to differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia.
India was a separate continent until 55 million years ago.
The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similar skeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones in whales have very different shapes and proportions. However, genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms diverged from a common ancestor at about the same time. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted in significant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.
Which of the following is NOT an observation or inference on which natural selection is based?
Poorly adapted individuals are sterile and never produce offspring.
If a population experiences no migration, is very large, has no mutations, has random mating, and there is no selection, which of the following would you predict?
The makeup of the population's gene pool will remain virtually the same as long as these conditions hold.
Bird guides once listed the myrtle warbler and Audubon's warbler as distinct species. Recently, these birds have been classified as eastern and western forms of a single species, the yellow-rumped warbler. Which of the following pieces of evidence, if true, would be cause for this reclassification?
The two forms interbreed often in nature, and their offspring have good survival & reproduction.
Which of the following observations helped Darwin shape his concept of descent with modification?
Tortoises found on the different Galapagos Islands have different length necks and shell shapes, none of which were the same as the tortoises found on the mainland of South America.
Any characteristic that can help an organism survive and/or reproduce can be called a(n):
adaptation
The simplified cladogram of vertebrata is now shown with synapomorphies indicated. Which is most closely related to Lungfish?
amphibians
Males of different species of the Fruit Fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals that involve fighting other males and stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?
behavioral isolation
Cheetahs nearly became extinct due to only having very small #'s within populations because of poaching, but recovery efforts managed to save them. Now, most cheetahs are genetically identical. This is due to:
bottleneck effect--genetic drift
Natural selection changes allele frequencies because some ________________ survive and reproduce more successfully than others.
individuals
A diagram that indicates common ancestors and lines of descent is called a _____.
phylogenetic tree
A _____ character is present in the common ancestor and ALL members of a group.
primitive
Female guppies tend to choose brightly colored mates. Over time, the population of guppies becomes more colorful. This is an example of:
sexual selection
This picture illustrates what type of selection?
stabilizing
The oxygen revolution changed Earth's environment dramatically. Which of the following adaptations took advantage of the presence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?
the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen to help harvest energy from organic molecules.
Which of the following pairs of structures is LEAST LIKELY to represent HOMOLOGOUS structures?
the wings of a bird and those of an insect
A cladogram is constructed so the fewest number of evolutionary changes occurred.
true
