EVR Chapter 6
Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to increase in size will have what shape? Ignoring migration, the age structure of a human population likely to decrease in size will have what shape? Ignoring migration, the age structure diagram of a human population likely to maintain a relatively stable size will have what shape?
Pyramid inverted pyramid a rectangle tapering toward the top
Despite dire predictions in the past, humans still inhabit Earth. A few economists would argue that this is because ________.
technological developments have alleviated some of the strain on Earth's resources
In the demographic transition model, the highest population growth rate in a country is likely to occur during ________.
stage 2, the transitional stage
How do women cause a reduction in the TFR?
through empowerment, personal choice and education
A population which is not growing will have a TFR of ________.
2.1
According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish ________.
increases environmental impact
The most accurate terms describing the trend over the past 50 years for human use of natural resources are ________.
increasing and unsustainable
Of the following, which provide the most complete picture of whether a population of humans grows, shrinks, or remains stable?
rates of birth, death, immigration, and emigration
Why aren't more couples using birth control in Zambia? Birth control in Zambia __________. The number of children in a family in Zambia has largely been determined by __________. To limit the growth of the Zambian population, humanitarian aid agencies and organizations such as UNICEF are focusing on __________. What is the relationship between family income and family size? In general, as family income levels __________.
requires travel that many families cannot afford the father educating and empowering women rise, families have fewer children
The world population growth rate is currently close to ________%.
1.2
If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to ________%.
1.5
If a country has a growth rate of 2%, how long will it take to double its population?
35 years
The human population is approximately ________.
7 billion
The richest one-fifth of the world's population possesses approximately ________ times the income of the poorest one-fifth, and the richest one-fifth uses over 86% of the world's resources.
80
Which part of the IPAT model represents the influence of wealth and its environmental impact?
A for affluence
What occurs during the final stage, the post-industrial stage, of the demographic transition model?
Both the birth rate and the death rate continue along at very low levels.
Because of the success of China's population control programs, ________.
China's population growth rate is much lower than it was in the 1970s
Why do we study demography?
Demography investigates the relationship between population ecology and population changes
Which of the following is currently contributing to low birth rates across much of Europe? Birthrate is which of the following? Why is Denmark so concerned with its low birth rates? Which of the following do most experts believe will be the result of low birth rates in Europe? Which of the following countries is closest to replacement fertility rate?
High unemployment Number of births per woman Because after more than 40 years of low birth rates, they are starting to see the effects It is unknown. Iceland
Which of the following statements about growth rate and population size is true?
If the growth rate remains steady, population size will continue to increase by greater increments with each generation.
According to the graph, what type of relationship exists between a nation's total fertility rate and its female secondary school enrollment rate? Which two statements are supported by the graph
Negative Increasing female secondary school enrollment is strongly associated with reduced fertility rates. Cambodia and Guatemala have similar fertility rates but differ in their secondary school enrollment rates?
When an agrarian economy transitions to an industrial economy, what effect does it have on the population?
Population growth rate slows.
Which of the following countries has the highest population growth rate?
Pakistan
You are an environmental toxicologist studying permethrin. Your research confirms what the EPA has said about this chemical. What did you find? You have developed a new way to keep mosquitoes away from sleeping people at night by dissipating the gas that attracts them. What gas did you focus on? Which of the following is most likely to have the highest concentration of permethrin? If what happened in Madagascar holds true for other locations, which of the following will happen? Which of the following is likely the most effective way to increase the use of mosquito nets for their intended purpose?
Permethrin is harmful to both fish and humans. carbon dioxide Fish dried in the sun while sitting on a typical mosquito net. Bans on using mosquito nets for fishing will be tried, but will not be successful. Sell fishing nets for a cheaper price.
Which large country is currently experiencing zero or even negative population growth?
Russia
Which of the following best describes the human population from early times to the present?
Slow, uneven growth until the 1800s, then increasingly rapid growth
When birth rates decline, what happens to a given population?
The average age of the population grows older
Which of these statements about the growth of the human population is true?
The rate at which the population has been growing has slowed in the past 50 years, but the human population is still getting larger.
Why are diseases such as AIDS, which reduce population density, undermining the ability of developing countries to make the transition to more modern, industrialized societies?
They are causing "demographic fatigue," which leaves these countries without a professional class.
Which of the following is not one of the world's top five most populous nations?
Vietnam
Drag the labels to the appropriate targets. Pink labels indicate what each age class represents. Blue labels indicate how the population is expected to change over time.
a. post-reproductive age b. reproductive age c. pre-reproductive age d. poulation decreasing e. population increasing rapidly f. stable population
What causes a decline in fertility rates?
an increase in family planning and birth control
Which of the following was a factor in helping to reduce total fertility rate of developed countries in the recent past?
better medical care
What is the maximum population size that a given environment can sustain?
carrying capacity
In a country where there are increasingly more households, ________.
consumption should increase
Which term describes the amount of cumulative land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of the waste that is produced?
ecological footprint
The view held by both Malthus and Paul Ehrlich suggests that depletion of resource supplies due to greater numbers of people ________.
is a problem because some resources are limited and can be depleted
Replacement fertility ________.
is equal to 2.1 in stable populations
Increasing levels of literacy among women is shown to ________.
lower TFR
The population in part (a) is likely to experience ________ soon.
more senior citizens
Which of the following are the three principal effects of a human population that determine its impact on the environment (the IPAT model)?
population, affluence, technology
Looking at the figure, you are able to determine ________.
that the population in the part (b) is growing rapidly
If predictions hold true, which two countries will be responsible for adding the most cars to the world's total by 2030? You are an automobile engineer focused on decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide produced per mile driven. What are you working on? Who sets automobile efficiency standards in the United States? You work for the Department of Transportation in the United States. You are sent to the country that has done the most to encourage electric car use to learn how they did so. Where do you go? When it comes to climate change, which of the following is the least desirable way to produce the electricity for electric vehicles?
China and India carbon intensity federal government Norway using coal
Which of the following statements about Earth's carrying capacity for humans is true?
Human beings are not unlike other animals concerning carrying capacity, but we utilize technology to artificially raise the carrying capacity increasingly higher.
What was the overall trend in household size from 1970 to 2000? What percentage of households in 2000 had 3 or fewer people? In comparison to 1970, the overall percentage of households with 4 or more people in 2000______. Which of the following statements best describes the implications of household size for energy consumption and land use and development? If current trends continue, with parents in the U.S. choosing to have fewer children on average (for example, 1 or 2 children versus 3 or more), how will future household sizes be affected?
household size decreased 74.9% decreased by approximately 10% Overall energy and land use will depend on the type and density of housing developments in an area. Households of 3 and 4 people will increase and households with more than 5 people will decrease.
Which climate contains the highest population density? Which of the following climates contains the LOWEST population density? Why does Africa have the highest total fertility rate but a lower population density than parts of southern and eastern Asia? Which region has the highest percentage of its population under age 15? What does a high percentage of population under age 15 tell us about a region's potential for population growth?
human subtropical subartic People in Africa are spread out over a greater area. Africa The region's population will likely increase.
Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent? What do the bars on the graphs represent? In 2014, how many 25- to 29-year-old women lived in Niger? The colors of the bars on the graphs indicate the life stage of the people in that age class. What does it mean if a bar is colored red? The 2014 age-structure pyramid for Niger indicates that the population of Niger ________. In the Netherlands in 2014, which age classes contained the largest number of people? In the Netherlands in 2014, people between the ages of 45 and 54 made up the largest percentage of the population. What factor is most likely to have caused this bulge in the age pyramid? Assuming that current trends continue, predict how the age structure of the Netherlands in 2034 will likely differ from that in 2014. Based on a comparison of the age-structure pyramids, which of the following would likely be a higher priority in the Netherlands than in Niger?
the age classes, in 5-year ranges the number of males and females in each age group about 0.6 million The people in that age class are past reproductive age. was increasing adults between 45 and 54 a surge in the birth rate after World War II ended in 1945 The proportion of the population made up of older adults (65+) will increase. providing long-term care for the elderly
Malthus was responsible for ________.
the idea that without social restrictions increasing human population would lead to famine and war
Declining death rates due to increased food production and improved medical care while birth rates remain high is characteristic of the ________ stage.
transitional
