Exam 1

Often synonymous with the Renaissance, the ____ were great art patrons.

Medici family

Reflecting the influence of ____, Raphael included his portrait in the reflection in his painting of Pope Leo X.

Netherlandish art

In the Creation of Adam, Michelangelo fashioned the conception of God after ____.​

Olympian deities

The chief architect of the Venetian Republic from 1570 until his death was ____.

Palladio

The dome Bramante designed for Saint Peter's in Rome would have resembled which of the following?

Pantheon, Rome

____ was one of the first Renaissance buildings conceived as a central-plan structure.

Pazzi Chapel

____ influenced Raphael's perspective system in his Marriage of the Virgin.

Perugino

During the second half of the 16th century, ____ controlled the Netherlands.

Philip II

Which artist painted a series of six paintings showing seasonal changes?

Pieter Bruegel

Which of the following artists traveled to Italy yet chose not to incorporate classical elements into his work?

Pieter Bruegel

In London at the age of 25, Christopher Wren was appointed to which of the following positions?

Professor of astronomy

Poussin chose to emulate the artist ____ rather than depicting dynamic movement and intense emotions.

Raphael

Paul III convened the Council of Trent in 1545. It was part of which of the following?

The Counter-Reformation

Albrecht Altdorfer derived his landscape depiction in the Battle of Issus from ____.

a map in the Nuremberg Chronicle

In El Greco's View of Toledo, the artist departed from Renaissance painters by not painting ____.

buildings in detail

In Dürer's Melencolia I, the ____ is an optimistic note suggesting that the artist can overcome depression.

burst of light on the horizon

In his representation of Pope Leo X, Raphael did not portray him as head of state, but rather as a ____.

man of learning and a collector

Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew is representative of his mature work in which he injects ____ into the depictions of sacred subjects.

naturalism

In Money-Changer and His Wife by Quentin Massys, the artist warns that ____ are a distraction from religious life.

financial transactions

Nanni di Banco achieved a unified spatial composition by placing the figures ____ and in relation to one another.

in a semicircle

Rembrandt's mature works, such as the Return of the Prodigal Son, differ from the religious art of Italy and Flanders in their ______________.

inward-turning contemplation

Which of the following architects wrote influential treatises on painting and architecture?

Alberti

In Leonardo's Last Supper, how did the artist break with traditional iconography?

By the placement of Judas on the same side as Christ and the other disciples

Georges de la Tour's dramatic use of light in Adoration of the Shepherds suggests his familiarity with the Italian artist ____.

Caravaggio

José de Ribera influenced the style of ____ to Spain.

Caravaggio

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by which of the following?

Caterina van Hemessen

Poussin was responsible for establishing ____ as a key component of 17th-century French art.

Classical painting

The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated at which of the following?

Council of Trent

​Which of the following artists excelled in portraiture?

Hans Holbein

​What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's The French Ambassadors?

Skull

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the curved pediment above the head of Christ represents which of the following?

A halo

​Inigo Jones adopted the design principles of the Venetian architect ____ to his architecture.

Andrea Palladio

____ was the most renowned female painter of the 17th century.

Artemisia Gentileschi

In Masaccio's Trinity the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?

At the foot of the cross

The depiction of different months from ____ influenced Bruegel's Hunters in the Snow.

Books of Hours

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to ____.

Brunelleschi

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this, which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper?

Each figure was individualized.

Which of the following was the Dominican painter-friar who combined elements of the new style of art with traditional religious devotional works that did not conflict with the content of the works?

Fra Angelico

The 15th-century Italian artist whose work showed the most influence of the International style was ____.

Gentile da Fabriano

Which of the following artists was the winner of the famous competition for the bronze doors of the Florence baptistery?

Ghiberti

In the ____, a band of Calvinists destroyed art works in Catholic churches in the Netherlands.

Great Iconoclasm

The robust and monumental figures of the Virgin and Child in Leonardo's Madonna and Child with Saint Anne and the Infant Saint John are reminiscent of ____.

Greek pedimental sculpture

​In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he reconciled the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle. Which of the following have also been reconciled?

Humanism and Christianity

Which of the following was the mother church for the Jesuits in Rome?

Il Gesù

____ was the most influential church building in the later cinquecento.

Il Gesù

Which of the following Renaissance churches influenced Maderno's design for Santa Susanna in Rome?

Il Gesù, Rome

​In the 16th century, Spain supported which of the following?

Interests of the Catholic Church

Although women had many limitations as artists, ____ demonstrated the important role women played as art patrons.

Isabella d'Este

In Masaccio's Trinity he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?

It is the application of the new science of perspective.

In Masaccio's Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden, Adam's feet clearly come into contact with the ground. Which of the following is the interpretation for this?

It marks the human presence on earth.

In the grouping of the orders and bays, Hardouin-Mansart's Church of the Invalides in Paris is reminiscent of which of the following?

Italian Baroque

Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in which of the following genres?

Landscapes

The German artist who was dubbed with the title "painter of the Reformation" is ____.

Lucas Cranach the Elder

​____ was the style that appealed to the French king, Francis I, because of its elegant, erotic, and unorthodox features.

Mannerism

Attributes of El Greco's style, such as elongated figures in an undefined space, are often characterized as ____.

Mannerist

The aim of much Italian Baroque art was to restore the predominance of ____.

Roman Catholicism

The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was ____.

Rome

In the church of ____, Christopher Wren harmonized Palladian, French, and Italian Baroque features

Saint Paul's, London

​____ was the Dominican monk who denounced the secular humanism of the Medici and others.

Savonarola

Why did Judith Leyster appear as elegantly attired, rather than in an artist's smock as Rembrandt did, in her own Self-Portrait?

She wanted to indicate her social prominence.

Which of the following artists was most interested in depicting the human body in violent action?

Signorelli

​The Sistine Chapel ceiling represents which of the following themes?

The chronology of Christianity

Ghiberti's competitive panel for the baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?

The naked figure of Isaac

In Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter, the artist has reminded the viewer of the link among Constantine, Saint Peter, and the basilica of Saint Peter. Which of the following is the vehicle used as that reminder?

The triumphal arches in the background

​How did Masaccio create a sense of bulk for his figures in the Tribute Money?

Through modeling with a specific light source outside the picture

Who was the Venetian painter who created dynamic compositions, often by means of swirling clouds and fitful light?

Tintoretto

​In the Triumph of the Barberini by Pietro da Cortona, the papal tiara and keys announce the accomplishments of ____.

Urban VIII

____ is a Dutch artist who featured as the subject of his art neat interiors of Dutch middle-class dwellings.

Vermeer

The term Accadian landscape, as seen in Bellini's Feast of the Gods, refers to ____.

an idyllic place

Art historians believe that Vermeer used tools, such as the ____, to aid in his virtuoso depiction of light.

camera obscura

Pope Paul V converted Saint Peter's from a central-plan church into a basilican-plan church because ____.

central-plan buildings evoked pagan temples

The Spanish painter Velásquez held the titles of first painter to the king and ____.

chief steward of the palace

Rembrandt deviated from typical group portraits in the Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp by portraying members of the guild ____.

clustered to one side

José de Ribera's brutal themes, such as the Martyrdom of Saint Philip, appealed to the Spanish taste for ____.

courage and devotion

In Ghiberti's Isaac and His Sons, the artist's study of ancient art is especially apparent in the ____.

figure of Rebecca

Saints Anthony and Sebastian appear in Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece because of their association with ____.

disease and miraculous cures

​In Dürer's print of the Fall of Man, the idealization of Adam and Eve is tempered by the ____ of the background.

naturalism

To create the illusion of Heaven opening up in the Glorification of Saint Ignatius, Fra Andrea Pozzo ____.

painted the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off

In the treatment of space and narrative, Ghiberti's Isaac and his Sons recall ____.

painting techniques

Visible in his David, rather than concentrating his efforts on ideal beauty, the artist Michelangelo focused on ____.

pent-up emotion

Titian's altarpiece, the Madonna of the Pesaro Family, differed from High Renaissance compositions in central Italy in the ____.

placement of the figures on a steep diagonal

The simulation of easel painting for ceiling design is termed ____.

quadro riportato

In Jan Steen's The Feast of Saint Nicolas, he alluded to ____ by using children's activities to comment on adult behavior.

selfishness

The orb and the cross surmounting Bernini's Baldacchino symbolize ____.

the Church's triumph

In his Self-Portrait, Durer's hand position may be a reference to ____.

the artist's hand as a creative instrument

Michelangelo deviated from earlier representations of David in his rendition by portraying ____.

the encounter before the battle

Michelangelo went beyond self-contained statues in his David by ____.

turning his head

The ____ of Francesco Borromini's architecture, visible in the facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, opposed ancient ideas about architecture.

undulating motion and enhanced three-dimensional effect

In his Assumption of the Virgin, Titian used ____ to create intensity and drama.

vibrant color

The cleaning of Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling initially shocked art historians because it revealed ____.

vivid colors

Jean Clouet presented Francis I as a ____.

worldly leader

​____ took a fundamental step forward in his representation of Saint Mark by the contrapposto pose.

​Donatello

The influence of ____ is evident in Rubens's heroic figures and foreshortened anatomy in his Elevation of the Cross.

​Michelangelo

Bernini's statue of David differed from his predecessors by showing David ____.

​in the moment of combat

In 1401, Ghiberti's entry won the competition for the design of the baptistery doors for the Florence Cathedral partially based stylistically on its ____.

​new spatial illusionism