Exam 1
Cherokee War
Conflict (1759-1761) on the southern frontier between the Cherokee Indians and colonists from Virginia southward -Lamar determined to remove them -500 Texans attack Indians at Naches, after Trail of Tears led by Conor
LAST EFFORT TO CHRISTIANIZE APACHES
El Cannon in 1771
Battle of Gonzales
First Battle of the Texas Revolution -Texans fire on Mexican troops who want cannon, "Come and Take It"
Anson Jones
Anson Jones elected President over Burleson -last TX president -thought he was the shiiiit -gave MX chance to recognize Republic of TX so that we could be independent nation although no one wanted that shit we all wanted to be American sooo -expected to hold office as TX representative to US -proclaims peace w MX after receiving news of MX's willingness to recognize TX independence
James Fannin
He didn't follow Houston's orders, lost the Battle of Coleto which lead to the Goliad Massacre.
1ST TREATY OF PARIS
Britain takes LA east of Miss as well as Florida and Canada. Temporary loss of Cuba and the Philippines startles Spain and leads to new military government for New Spain's northern frontier (Interior Provinces)
December 1841-December 1844. 2nd Houston Administration
Major issues: 1.Foreign policy 2.Annexation 3.Capital location -Congress passes bill giving Houston dictatorial powers. Houston vetoes bill in July
December '38-December '41. Lamar Administration
Major issues: 1.capital location (waterloo as capital which is basically Austin) 2.diplomatic relations (tries to buy from MX) 3.frontier defense
Thomas Jefferson
President during LA purchase believed TX was apart of deal -Got boundary in his head as Rio Grande (ludicrous), -gave Spain justifiable idea that would do anything to acquire Texas. Didn't even think it was constitutional. -Napoleon said he would give to someone else if did not want and we took it.
October '36- Dec '38 First Houston administration
Problems immediately facing the Republic •1. restless army •2. financial difficulties •3. Indian raids •4. lack of diplomatic recognition •5. location of capital
Mexican Incursions of 1842
Reconquista of Texas is near under Santa Anna, loot San Antonio, Goliad, Refugio, Houston vetoes dictatorial powers, does not want to act on these actions of Mexico, Houston declares truce to bide times until becomes part of U.S. -Col Jacob Snively and 150 men sent to intercept trade crossing TX on Santa Fe Trail. Disarmed by US troops.
Neutral Ground Agreement
U.S. troops stay east of Arroyo Hondo and Spanish stay west of Sabine River; neutral ground gets occupied by outlaws
Treaty of San Lorenzo
US and Spanish treaty aka Pinckney's treaty -can navigate Mississippi for three years and drop off goods and NOLA without paying duties
Law of April 1830
provides for military occupation and closing of US-MX border Emparsario contracts (if in progress you could come but no new grants) -Mexico collects duties from Texas, military authority over civilians
Insurrection of 1832, or the 1st Battle of Anahuac
response to jailing of Travis and Jack without trial (sedition), directed against Bradburn
Santa Fe Expedition
sent by Lamar and led by Hugh McLeod to convince New Mexicans that they were Texans, Texans surrendered to Mexican authorities and were jailed in Perote, Mexico -Texas' goal to open trade with Santa Fe; fails miserably and travelers are imprisoned
MIER EXPEDITION
invasion of Mexico led by Somerville during Houston's second term that ended with Texans being captured and forced to draw beans to determine who would be executed
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN TX AND US REVOLUTIONS
•resistance to "unfair taxes" and stationing of soldiers in civilian population •resistance to crackdown by national government and centralized authority •role of land speculators
French and Indian War
(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. -French struggle to keep Texas from Britain -French gives Western Louisiana to Spanish in order to keep out of British hands and because lost Philippines and Cuba to British already, -results in empresario experiment, Spain adopts French policies in East Texas, stressing trade, immigrants allowed.
Battle of San Jacinto
(1836) Final battle of the Texas Revolution; resulted in the defeat of the Mexican army and independence for Texas -Sam Houston ambushes Santa Anna and captures him; 1400 Mexican vs. 981 Texan
13. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) the opening of annexation negotiations by President Tyler, (B) the U.S. diplomatic recognition of the Texas Republic, (C) the location of the Texas capital at Austin, (D) the election of President Anson Jones (a) B-C-A-D (b) C-B-D-A (c) B-D-C-A (d) A-B-C-D
(a) B-C-A-D
10. Who became King of Spain in 1808, causing a crisis of legitimacy in New Spain? (a) Joseph Bonaparte (b) Charles IV (c) Ferdinand VII (d) Napoleon Bonaparte
(a) Joseph Bonaparte
15. Which of the following statements is true? (a) Texas was the last slave state to join the Union (b) Texas never held a popular vote on the question of annexation by the U.S. (c) Mexico officially recognized the Texas Republic during the time it existed (d) James Polk ran for President in 1844 opposed to the annexation of Texas by the U.S.
(a) Texas was the last slave state to join the Union
3. Why was San Antonio founded in 1718? (a) to keep an eye on French activities in the area (b) as a way station between Mission San Juan Bautista and the missions of East Texas (c) to exploit the mineral resources of the surrounding area (d) because the local Indians requested religious instruction
(b) as a way station between Mission San Juan Bautista and the missions of East Texas
Fredonian Rebellion
-conflict around Nacogdoches that confirmed Mexican fears that Texans were trying to take over the government -attempt by white Anglo settlers in Texas to secede from Mexico. The settlers, led by Empresario Haden Edwards, declared independence from Mexican Texas and created the Republic of Fredonia -leads to inspection
Anglo Conventions of 1832 and 1833
-convention of San Felipe Anglos ask for law of 1830 to be repealed and statehood for TX -1833 convention held at San Felipe -Draft constitution in 1833 headed by Sam Houston against Law of April 1830; SF Austin sent to Mexico City discuss with Gomez Faria
Agustin de Iturbide
-crowned emperor for life on May 19 deposed 10 months later in revolt led by Santa Anna. -officer in MX military
Hernan Cortez
-defeated Aztecs in central valley of Mexico -role-model for Spanish explorers -creates mexico city from tenotchtitlan
Miguel Hidalgo and the Mexican War of Independence 1810
-delivers "Frito de Dolores" calling for government reform & no separation. Forms army of 80,000 peasants called Los Criollos; Peasant army defeated at Guadalajara, captured and executed. -arrested tried and executed after attempting to fleed to TX -creole priest -government of San Antonio overthrown by local insurgents in his support
James Polk
-democratic presidential nomination
BRITISH AS ENEMY
-during 1763-1783 -during US revolution -Spain wants FL back
US AS ENEMY
-during 1783-1786 -2nd treaty of Paris makes US a new country and threat to MX border
Los Adaes
-during 3rd Spanish occupation of TX was capital of Province of Texas
Henry Smith
-elected governor along w "General Council" for Mexican State of Texas at San Felipe
David Burnet
-elected interim president
Marquis de Aguayo
-establishes La Bania on site of Fort St. Louis -anchors TX for 1st time at 3 points (Los Adaes. La Bahia, and San Antonio) this is when Spain PEAKED -Governor of Coahuila and Texas -keeps eyes on French, capital for 50 years, re-establishes missions destroyed by Chicken War. -Successful Texas colonizer and keeps French away
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
-expeditions explore area from Florida to Arizona -Spaniard that explores Texas after Cabeza de Vaca in search of precious metals -reports back that there's only 'cattle and sky'
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TX AND US REVOLUTIONS
:•clash of two cultures (assumption of Anglo superiority) •slavery
Mexican Constitution of 1824
-federalist republic, limited power for president, democracy Texas was part of the state of Cohuila y Texas (capital was Saltillo) -Modeled after U.S. constitution. No right to trial by jury, army used for any circumstance by President, Coahuila and Texas unite as state with Saltillo as capital. More than 25 empresarios commissioned to settle; Texas has no taxation provision.
SAN ANTONIO
-founded in 1718 as imbetween point for San Juan Bautista and East TX
LAREDO
-founding in 1755 by troops of Jose de Escandon who settles 6000 colonists establishes 23 towns and 15 missions in area including lower Rio Grande valley
FAILURE OF SPANISH COLONIAL POLICY IN TX
-from standpoint of establishing large Spanish population. A success from standpoint of keeping TX from falling into foreign hands -
COUNTRIES TO RECOGNIZE TX
1st US 2nd France (first European country) 3rd Netherlands 4th Great Britain (TX agrees to end African Slave Trade) 5th Belgium
Louis Juchereau de St. Denis
-Sent to east Texas to help set up Missions for Hidalgo such as Mission San Francinsco de los Tejas and Mission Santisimo Nombre de Maria. -These missions were abandoned in 1693 due to hostilities with Native Americans who blamed the Spanish for a smallpox outbreak. -These missions were paramount because they led to the permanence of the European occupation of Texas. -founds Nacogdoches, trading posts in East Texas
Spain and American War of Independence
-Spain declares war against Britain -Spain wants FL back -Spain enters war as ally of France
King Charles II
-Sterile and crazy -dies without an heir and ends Hapsburg Dynasty -beginning of Bourbon Dynasty
Annexation Treaty of 1844
-TX and US sign treaty of annexation to make TX a Territory 1844 (senate rejects this treaty) -President Tyler
Siege of San Antonio
-Texas Army camped outside of San Antonio for months, finally captured on a whim 1835 -Ben Milam lead 300 men -Cos surrenders & is allowed to leave Texas with his men (Rio Grande used as TX boundary for 1st time) -first major campaign of revolution -Texan's outmanned and outgunned; camp outside SA until Mexico surrenders
Annexation Resolution of 1845
-barely passed Congress -passes joint resolution providing for annexation. 27-25 in Senate, 120-98 in House -Convention writes state constitution & accepts US treaty with 1 negative vote -Polk signs statehood act -enters as last slave state (more slave states than free at this point) and 28th state
Sam Houston
-beats Austin for presidency in first TX election -Houston inaugurated at Columbia: appoints "unity" cabinet -Brought Texas into the U.S.; Commander in Chief of Regular Army;
Joseph Bonaparte
-brother put him on Spanish throne -legitamcy issue
1727 TEXAS INSPECTION
-by General Pedro de Rivera and Fr. Miguel Sevillano in 20's and 60's -slow deterioration of Spanish E TX until pullout in 1772
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
-capture Nacogdocious and San Antonio -part of Mexican independence movement, "republican army of the north" -Gutiérrez - refugee from Hidalgo army -Magee - US soldier first time Texas in independent
NACOGDOCHES
-civil settlement in 1779
John tyler
10th President -opens negotiations for annexation -TX and US sign treaty of annexation to make TX a Territory 1844 (senate rejects this treaty)
27. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) The Texas Republic was recognized diplomatically by the US and Britain, as well as several other European countries (b) the Texas Boundary Act of December 1836 established the Texas boundary as it exists today (c) Sam Houston tried to win diplomatic recognition of the Texas Republic from Mexico on three separate occasions and finally threatened to use the Texas Army to force Mexico to grant recognition (d) Texas never formally requested annexation from the US because most Texans wanted to remain an independent nation
(a) The Texas Republic was recognized diplomatically by the US and Britain, as well as several other European countries
9. Under this treaty, in 1795, Spain granted the United States the temporary right to use the Mississippi River and deposit trade goods at New Orleans. (a) Treaty of San Lorenzo (b) Adams-Onis Treaty (c) Neutral Ground Agreement (d) Treaty of San Ildefonso
(a) Treaty of San Lorenzo
4. Which statement best characterizes the accomplishments of the Spanish missionary system in Texas? (a) most Spanish missions in Texas failed and after the French and Indian War trade relations replaced religious instruction as the major goal of Spanish policy (b) most Spanish missions in Texas succeeded, particularly those in East Texas, and continued to operate until the end of Spanish rule (c) Spanish missions were only established in the area around San Antonio because of the hostility of the native population in other parts of Texas (d) the first Spanish missions in Texas were established along the Gulf Coast near LaSalle's fort and the success of those missions encouraged Spain to build other missions from San Antonio to East Texas
(a) most Spanish missions in Texas failed and after the French and Indian War trade relations replaced religious instruction as the major goal of Spanish policy
2. What brought the second Spanish occupation of East Texas to an end? (a) the Chicken War (b) the Caddo Indians forced the Spanish to leave (c) the end of the French and Indian War removed France from the Texas border (d) Spain's need to cut costs
(a) the Chicken War
20. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) the behavior of the Coahuila and Texas Legislature in the Spring of 1834 showed that the state government was in revolt against the presidency of Santa Anna (b) Santa Anna was removed from power in the Spring of 1834 because Santa Anna had instituted reforms which attacked the Church and the Army (c) In 1833 the capital of Coahuila and Texas was moved from Monclova to Laredo by a liberal group of legislators who wanted the state capital to be closer to San Antonio (d) General Martin Perfecto de Cos was willing to overlook the Second Battle of Anahuac in June 1835 because he felt that the Anglo colonists had demonstrated their loyalty to Mexico by turning over the major troublemakers for a military trial
(a) the behavior of the Coahuila and Texas Legislature in the Spring of 1834 showed that the state government was in revolt against the presidency of Santa Anna
12. Stephen Austin (a) traveled to Mexico City in the early 1820s and spent about one year getting the new Mexican government to approve the land grant given to this father (b) showed no interest in forming relationships with Tejano leaders in the 1820s and early 1830s. He refused to learn Spanish and tried to help the Edwards brothers in their fight against Mexican officials (c) was arrested in the late 1820s for urging Anglo slave owners not to comply with the new Mexican law abolishing slavery (d) denounced the Mexican Constitution of 1824 because it provided for a president with dictatorial powers
(a) traveled to Mexico City in the early 1820s and spent about one year getting the new Mexican government to approve the land grant given to this father
6. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Louisiana Purchase, (B) Pinckney's Treaty (or the Treaty of San Loenzo), (C) the Neutral Ground Agreement, (D) the Adams-Onis Treaty (a) A-B-C-D (b) B-A-C-D (c) B-A-D-C (d) D-A-C-B
(b) B-A-C-D
11. Arrange the following stages of the Texas Revolution in correct chronological order: (A) The Fall of the Alamo and the surrender of Fannin's army, (B) The Battle of San Jacinto, (C) the Siege of San Antonio, (D) the threat of a takeover of the Texas government by the Texas army (a) D-B-C-A (b) C-A-B-D (c) A-C-B-D (d) C-A-D-B
(b) C-A-B-D
13. The name of the Mexican state of which Texas was made a part in the mid 1820s is (a) New Mexico and Texas (b) Coahuila and Texas (c) Tamaulipas and Texas (d) Nuevo Leon and Texas
(b) Coahuila and Texas
8. What were the consequences of the Fredonian Rebellion in 1826-27? (a) Mexico decided to drive the Cherokee Indians out of Texas (b) Mexico sent General Teran to tour Texas and he recommended the Law of April 1830 because Texas had become "too Anglo" (c) Mexico decided to cancel the empresario program in Texas because Anglos such as the Edwards brothers were unreliable and potentially subversive (d) Mexico decided to force all Anglos living in East Texas to move to the San Antonio area so that they could be watched more closely for subversive activities
(b) Mexico sent General Teran to tour Texas and he recommended the Law of April 1830 because Texas had become "too Anglo"
26. Which of the following was Houston's major political opponent during the time of the Texas Republic? (a) Tom Rusk (b) Mirabeau Lamar (c) Anson Jones (d) Henry Smith
(b) Mirabeau Lamar
22. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Stephen Austin was elected commander-in-chief of the Texas army in March 1836, and it was largely due to Austin's military skills that the Texas Revolution was won (b) Santa Anna was captured by Texas troops after the Battle of San Jacinto but was eventually returned to Mexico even though many Texas soldiers wanted to see him executed (c) The Texas Revolution ended after the Battle of San Jacinto because the US publicly threatened to invade Mexico unless Mexican troops were withdrawn from Texas (d) Under the Treaty of Velasco, Mexico agreed to give up its claim to Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for a payment of $15 million by the US
(b) Santa Anna was captured by Texas troops after the Battle of San Jacinto but was eventually returned to Mexico even though many Texas soldiers wanted to see him executed
4. To whom did Father Francisco Hidalgo write in the early 1700s asking for help with missionary work in East Texas? (a) Hernando de Soto (b) Sieur de Cadillac (c) Louis Juchereau de St. Denis (d) Diego Ramon
(b) Sieur de Cadillac
7. Why did Spain abandon East Texas for the third time in the early 1770s? (a) because Britain forced Spain to sign a treaty moving the eastern boundary of Texas to the Colorado River (b) because France was no longer in possession of Louisiana and so East Texas was no longer near the international boundary (c) because the Caddo Indians destroyed several missions in East Texas and the remaining Spaniards fled in fear for their lives (d) because French troops captured Adaes and several other nearby settlements, forcing Spain to retreat to San Antonio
(b) because France was no longer in possession of Louisiana and so East Texas was no longer near the international boundary
3. Why were the first Spanish missions of East Texas abandoned? (a) because of the Chicken War (b) because of an epidemic among the Indians, a drought, and the absence of French activity in the area (c) because of the Royal Regulation which mandated a fall-back of the Spanish population to San Antonio (d) because France had given western Louisiana to Spain, ending the need for a Spanish presence in the area
(b) because of an epidemic among the Indians, a drought, and the absence of French activity in the area
21. What did the convention accomplish, which met at the Texas town of Washington in March 1836? (a) it established a Mexican state of Texas with a governor, lieutenant governor, and general council (b) it declared Texas independent from Mexico and wrote a constitution for a new republic (c) it listed a set of demands which Mexico must satisfy before the Texans would lay down their arms and end their revolt (d) it rejected independence for Texas and issued a document demanding the restoration of the Constitution of 1824
(b) it declared Texas independent from Mexico and wrote a constitution for a new republic
19. Sam Houston (a) came to Texas in the early 1830s after a financial downturn forced him into bankruptcy (b) may have been an agent of Andrew Jackson when he came to Texas in the early 1830s, but there is no documentary evidence to support this claim (c) was immediately acknowledged as the foremost leader of the Anglo-Texan community when he arrived in Texas in the early 1830s and his advice was followed on almost all major issues from then until the outbreak of the Texas Revolution (d) had never held political office before coming to Texas in the early 1830s and also had no prior military service
(b) may have been an agent of Andrew Jackson when he came to Texas in the early 1830s, but there is no documentary evidence to support this claim
17. The Insurrection of 1832 (a) was caused by an attack on the presidio at Nacogdoches by Haden and Benjamin Edwards, who were angry at being expelled from Texas by the Mexican government (b) resulted in the removal of all Mexican troops from East Texas and the closing of the customs house at Anahuac (c) resulted in the punishment of Anglo colonists in the Anahuac region, who were expelled from Texas and forced to return to the US (d) were the opening shots of the Texas Revolution, which took place during the seven months following this attack
(b) resulted in the removal of all Mexican troops from East Texas and the closing of the customs house at Anahuac
16. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) the population of Texas remained almost constant between 1830 and 1834, the years when the US-Mexican border was closed (b) the Law of April 1830 brought Mexican troops to Texas to help collect customs duties and bring Texas more firmly under Mexican control (c) the Law of April 1830 increased the representation of Texas in the state legislature (d) the Law of April 1830 was welcomed by most Anglo Texans because it recognized English, along with Spanish, as an official language in which business could be conducted
(b) the Law of April 1830 brought Mexican troops to Texas to help collect customs duties and bring Texas more firmly under Mexican control
5. Which of the following was the most important accomplishment of the second occupation of East Texas? (a) the establishment of San Antonio (b) the Neutral Ground Agreement (c) the Adams-Onis Treaty (d) the establishment of Laredo
(b) the Neutral Ground Agreement
24. The annexation of Texas by the US was delayed from 1836 to 1845 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT (a) the slavery issue (b) the opposition of most Texans to annexation (c) the possibility of war with Mexico (d) the desire of such politicians as Martin Van Buren and Henry Clay to avoid the issue
(b) the opposition of most Texans to annexation
9. What were the most important goals of the Anglo conventions held at San Felipe in 1832 and 1833? (a) to protest the abolition of slavery by Mexico and demand guarantees that slavery would always be protected (b) to re-open the border with the U.S. and make Texas a separate state of Mexico (c) to demand independence from Mexico and the removal of all Mexican troops from Texas (d) to demand the release of Stephen Austin from prison and reform of the Texas court system
(b) to re-open the border with the U.S. and make Texas a separate state of Mexico
6. He re-established the Spanish missions of East Texas at his own expense and established Los Adaes as the capital of Texas from the 1720s to the 1770s. He is one of the two most successful colonizers of Spanish Texas. (a) Jose de Escandon (b) Marquis of Rubi (c) Marquis of Aguayo (d) Domingo Ramon
(c) Marquis of Aguayo
7. Which statement best characterizes the situation faced by Mexico regarding Anglo-American immigration in the early 1820s? (a) it was difficult to persuade Americans to come to Texas because there were better economic opportunities in the United States (b) Mexico closed the border with the United States because it was recognized that the Americans were a threat (c) Mexico had little choice since Americans were already coming to Texas in large numbers and so the goal of Mexican policy was to control this immigration (d) Mexico welcomed Americans but not slave owners, since slavery had been abolished in Mexico
(c) Mexico had little choice since Americans were already coming to Texas in large numbers and so the goal of Mexican policy was to control this immigration
28. Which of the following events happened during the Lamar presidential administration during the time of the Texas Republic? (a) US diplomatic recognition of the Texas Republic (b) The rejection by the US Senate of a treaty annexing Texas (c) The capture of San Antonio by Mexican troops (d) The Santa Fe Expedition
(d) The Santa Fe Expedition
14. Which statement about the 1845 Texas annexation vote in the U.S. Congress is correct? (a) annexation carried in both the House and Senate by wide margins (b) most Whigs voted in favor of annexation, most Democrats against (c) slavery or the British threat had little to do with the outcome (d) annexation barely passed with most Democrats voting yes and most Whigs voting no
(d) annexation barely passed with most Democrats voting yes and most Whigs voting no
15. Which of the following statements best characterizes the attitude of the Mexican government towards slavery in Texas during Mexican rule? (a) Mexico banned slavery in the late 1820s and forced all Texas slave owners to free their slaves. Hundreds of Texans returned to the United States because they were no longer allowed to own slaves in Texas (b) Mexico required that all slaves be freed as part of the Law of April 1830. This requirement was carried out, which ended slavery in Texas (c) Mexico passed various restrictions on slavery at both the state and national levels but never rigorously enforced its own decrees. Nevertheless Texas slave owners remained uncertain about the future of slavery, a factor contributing to the outbreak of the Texas Revolution (d) Mexico banned the importation of slaves from the beginning of Anglo-American immigration in the early 1820s, so slavery was never able to take root in Texas
(c) Mexico passed various restrictions on slavery at both the state and national levels but never rigorously enforced its own decrees. Nevertheless Texas slave owners remained uncertain about the future of slavery, a factor contributing to the outbreak of the Texas Revolution
8. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) The most successful Spanish missions in Texas were located along the San Gabriel and San Saba Rivers and at the mouth of the Trinity River (b) Near the end of the French and Indian War, France gave Canada to Spain to keep it from falling into British hands (c) Nacogdoches was founded as a civil settlement in the 1770s by former settlers of East Texas who were unhappy at being forced to leave their homes earlier in the decade and move to the San Antonio area (d) The Interior Provinces was an experiment in civilian government under which Spanish officials were elected by the local population
(c) Nacogdoches was founded as a civil settlement in the 1770s by former settlers of East Texas who were unhappy at being forced to leave their homes earlier in the decade and move to the San Antonio area
2. Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes Spanish policy towards Texas? (a) Spain was mainly interested in Texas because of its large oil deposits and other mineral wealth (b) Spain had no interest in Texas and, consequently, ignored La Salle's colony on Matagorda Bay (c) Spain wanted to keep Texas from falling into foreign hands in order to prevent attacks on the silver mines of northern Mexico (d) Spain felt that Texas was good mission territory, particularly after the 1770s, because the native population of Texas was unusually receptive to Christianity and mission life
(c) Spain wanted to keep Texas from falling into foreign hands in order to prevent attacks on the silver mines of northern Mexico
1. What caused the first Spanish occupation of East Texas? (a) Spain was looking for LaSalle (b) Spain was looking for precious metals (c) Spain wanted to prevent France from occupying the area and also wanted to Christianize the natives (d) Spain wanted to establish a settlement at the mouth of the Mississippi River
(c) Spain wanted to prevent France from occupying the area and also wanted to Christianize the natives
14. The Mexican Constitution of 1824 (a) was a centralist document which concentrated all power in the hands of the president (b) led to stable government in Mexico for the next 20 years with peaceful elections at regular four-year intervals (c) provided that the president and vice president be elected by the state legislatures (d) was disliked by most Texans because it provided that all decisions about public lands and immigration be made by the national government in Mexico City
(c) provided that the president and vice president be elected by the state legislatures
10. Which statement best characterizes the Texas response to the arrival of General Cos and his army in San Antonio in the fall of 1835? (a) the response was characterized mostly by calm, since Cos made it clear that he was only interested in punishing a few wrong-doers (b) the response was immediately to declare Texas independent from Mexico (c) the response was a combination of resolve by some to drive this army out of Texas but a lack of agreement about what else to do (d) the response was for Anglos and Tejanos to form a united front with a clear set of demands to make to the Mexican national government
(c) the response was a combination of resolve by some to drive this army out of Texas but a lack of agreement about what else to do
12. Which statement best characterizes relations between Sam Houston and Mirabeau Lamar during the Texas Republic period (a) the two men were political allies and agreed on such issues as annexation by the U.S., frontier defense, and diplomatic recognition of the Texas Republic by Mexico (b) the two men were rivals with Houston opposing annexation by the U.S. and favoring Indian removal, while Lamar favored annexation and peaceful co-existence with most Indian tribes (c) the two men disliked each other and were political rivals, with Lamar drawing his support more from Texas's western frontier and Houston from the more settled East (d) the two men disagreed on such issues as the need for a large standing army, with Houston favoring one and Lamar opposed, or the desirability of the Santa Fe Expedition, with Lamar opposed and Houston supporting it
(c) the two men disliked each other and were political rivals, with Lamar drawing his support more from Texas's western frontier and Houston from the more settled East
11. Which of the following statements is correct? (a) Father Miguel Hidalgo ended Spanish rule over Mexico in 1810 when his peasant army captured Mexico City (b) The Gutierrez-Magee expedition defeated the Spanish royal army under the command of Joaquin de Arredondo at the Battle of the Medina River (c) The Adams-Onis Treaty established the international boundary between the U.S. and New Spain starting at the mouth of the Mississippi River (d) Moses Austin traveled to San Antonio near the end of Spanish rule over Texas and received permission to bring Anglo-American families to Texas
(d) Moses Austin traveled to San Antonio near the end of Spanish rule over Texas and received permission to bring Anglo-American families to Texas
5. What role did Spain play in the American Revolutionary War? (a) no role at all (b) Spain was an ally of Britain and tried to prevent guns and supplies from being shipped to the Americans across Spanish soil (c) Spain was a formal ally of the Americans and supplied ships and troops to the Americans in their fight against Britain (d) Spain was an ally of France, which was a formal ally of the Americans, and attacked British West Florida, tying up British troops in the South
(d) Spain was an ally of France, which was a formal ally of the Americans, and attacked British West Florida, tying up British troops in the South
29. Which of the following provisions is contained in the Texas annexation resolution passed by Congress in February 1845? (a) Slavery is legalized in all of Texas (b) Texas is admitted to the Union as a Territory (c) Texas must pay all its public debts (d) Texas retains its public land
(d) Texas retains its public land
18. The Conventions of 1832 and 1833 at San Felipe (a) were recognized as legal assemblies by the Mexican government (b) led to Sam Houston's journey to Mexico City in the summer of 1833 and consultations with acting president Gomez Farias (c) demanded that Stephen Austin be appointed Governor and that the state capital be moved to San Felipe (d) asked for the re-opening of the US-Mexican border and separate statehood for Texas
(d) asked for the re-opening of the US-Mexican border and separate statehood for Texas
25. Which of the following problems faced Sam Houston during his first presidential administration?(a) the need to respond to the capture of San Antonio by Mexican troops on two separate occasions (b) the Cherokee War, which erupted in East Texas after Texas troops attacked Cherokees who were suspected of collaborating with Mexican agents (c) the decision to move the Texas capital from Columbia to Austin (d) financial difficulties and a restless army that wanted to continue the fight with Mexico and wouldn't take orders
(d) financial difficulties and a restless army that wanted to continue the fight with Mexico and wouldn't take orders
1. Coronado (a) was the first European to explore the interior of Texas (b) was killed by Indians on a scouting expedition to determine the truth of Cabeza de Vaca's stories about rich civilizations in or near Texas (c) was lost on the high plains of west Texas, where he and his party vanished, searching for gold and silver (d) returned from his exploration of the American Southwest convinced that Texas contained nothing of interest to Spain
(d) returned from his exploration of the American Southwest convinced that Texas contained nothing of interest to Spain
30. Which of the following events occurred during Sam Houston's second term as President of the Texas Republic? (a) the establishment of the Texas Railroad, Banking, and Navigation Company (b) the location of the Texas capital at Austin (c) the Texas Boundary Act establishing the boundary of the Texas Republic (d) the opening of annexation negotiations with US President John Tyler
(d) the opening of annexation negotiations with US President John Tyler
SAN SABA
-Apaches lure Spanish to set up mission in Comancheria. dem boyz slaughterd by the Comanche -the ONLY TX mission to be outright destroyed by Indian attack lmaooooo
La Bahia
-Established in 1722 by Aguayo, high point of Spanish Texas; -former site of Fort St. Louis -after founding of Laredo by Jose de Escandon. he moves La Bahia to its present site at Goliad
Cabeza De Vaca
-First European to explore Texas -writes book 'Relacion' of Native Americans and baren land
Chicken War
-French corporal with 6 soldier capture Adaes Mission -Spain reclaims and occupies E Texas
Robert Cavalier Siuer de la Salle
-French explorer from Canada to Mississippi River and names country Louisiana -landed at Matagorda Bay -establishes Fort St. Louis (he is lost, killed by his own men)
Adams-Onis Treaty
-John Quincy Adams is SOS Onis is Spanish foremaster -determined international boundary between Spanish America and Sabine/Gulf/Arkansas River/Wyoming across 42 parallel to Pacific ocean -U.S. pays Spain $5 million for Florida
GENERAL COS
-Martin Perfecto de Cos leads army toward Monclova (current capital of C-T) Viesca capture by Cos on June8 -Gen. Cos sends letter to Anahuac garrison commander telling him reinforcements on way. Letter intercepted at San Felipe on June 21 2nd Battle of Anahuac. Travis and 30-50 men march on Anahuac garrison & obtain surrender -Committees of settlers condemn Travis. Cos orders Travis & 5 others turned over for military trial -Gen. Cos sets out from Matamoros for San Antonio w 500 men.
San Juan Bautista
-Mission near the Rio Grande known as the "Gateway to Spanish Texas" -San Antonio founded as gateway between here and East Texas
Fort Saint Louis
-Robert de la Salle established a French settlement in east Texas. It did not last long.
Royal Regulation of 1772
-San Antonio becomes capital replacing Los Adaes -Edict ordering Spanish settlers to leave East Texas and go to San Antonio. -Tried to set up along other rivers -- failed. Wasting money and missionary work. -Just trade with the Indians, don't try to change their religion or culture. Apaches, Comanches constantly raiding. Spanish decide to make use of them by buying them off instead of eradicating them. - Also in war, Spain loses Florida and Cuba -
Stephen Austin
-goes to MX city to seek approval of new government for one year -distributes land grants at San Felipe de Austin under Imperial Colonization Law -sent to Mexico City to present grievances & proposed state constitution to acting President Gomez Farias during tension between TX-MX -Gomez Farías & Austin reach agreement on most issues except separate statehood for Texas. -Austin letter ayuntamiento in San Antonio causes his arrest in Saltillo in Jan '34 on his way back to Texas -Wants to colonize Texas, Iturbide overthrown by Santa Anna who gives him grant, spends year in Mexico City getting Imperial Colonization Law of 1823; colonists are Catholic
Antonio de la Mothe, Sieur de Cadillac
-governor of Lousiana -receives letter from Hidalgo but doesn't want to help with missions
King Ferdinand VII
-kicked out so that Joseph Bonaparte could sit on Spanish Throne -came back after Napoleon's defeat and was a total douche dictator on throne -abolishes Constitution of 1812 restoring absolute monarchy -doesn't want to share power against liberalism and independence
Spanish Constitution of 1812
-limits power of king -Ferdinand did not like -became model of Mexican Constitution of 1824
Francisco Hidalgo
-mission San Juan Bautista sends letter to governor of LA Sieur de Cadillac asking French for help in missionary work with Indians of E TX -fled to TX but never made it -arrested tried and executed during MX War of Independence
Creoles
-native spaniards but born in TX -Peninsulars (directly from Spain) believed themself to be better -to Spain cleanliness of blood is big deal -want more power
1ST TEXAS SETTLEMENT
-near El Paso 1682
Interior Provinces
-northern frontier combines forces. upper LA opeed to Anglo-American immigration. Moses Austin arrives in 1790s -create a new administrative unit in Texas; scared of losing more territory to Britain
Mirabeau Lamar
-opposite of Sam Houston -W TX supporters -anti- TX Indians -2nd TX President
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
-overthrew president Bustamante -total little b*tch -was such a little b*Tch had Gomez Farias do all the office duty while he got the ~glory~ - resumes reins of power from Gomez Farias and suspends Constitution of 1824 April 1834 -dismisses Congress. C-T Legislature passes resolution declaring all of SA's laws illegal until Congress is again free -rival government set up in Saltillo -personally leads 4,000 troops to put down revolt in state of Zacatecas
moses Austin
-petitioned to be allowed to settle in TX -old 300 settlers -emprasario
Napoleon Bonaparte
-places brother Joseph Bonaparte on Spanish throne causing uproar in New Spain over who should hold power -wants LA back and gets it through secret treaty -takes over Europe
Henry Clay
-ran against Polk and lost for presidential election -against annexation of TX
Britain and TX Republic
-recognized them as TX got rid of African Slave Trade
Manuel de Mier y Teran
-recommends military occupation of TX and colonization of TX with MX and German citizens
NATIONAL LAW OF 1829
-slavery illegal in MX but TX is exempt
Battle of the Alamo
-taken by Santa Anna after 13 days -Fanning and Houston did not help
BURR CONSPIRACY
-trying to create new country for himself out of TX -suspected of treason in US
MEXICAN TEXAS 1821-1835
1. Anglo-Americans came to Mexican Texas mostly for economic and not political reasons. Easy to get a lot of land for cheap. Lots of broke people moving in. MX wanted rich people moving in but they had the most to lose so did not. 2. MX encouraged immigration from US but was alarmed at the rate of immigration and ambivalent towards American style slavery 3. Tensions between Texas and the Mexican government increased significantly in the early 1830s but war was not inevitable MX was supposed to have king but didn't work. Full equality between Creoles and Peninsulars (join forces to prevent liberalism from taking root in MX).
4 Stages of TX Revolution
1. Fall of 1835 -- receive San Antonio - should have been a fizzle. A bunch of farmers with no heavy weapons show up and force Gomez army to surrender. -- Surprise victory 2. Alamo & Goliad -- disaster. Alamo and Goliad obvious losses for Texas side. Santa Anna against supporting and the Alamo, 3. San Jacinto -- amazing victory, Texas outgunned, outmanned, leaders disagreeing, no coordination, and even after there still wasn't. Fork in the road -- one to San Jacinto, one to Nacogdoches; Houston didn't really choose. In hindsight wins the war (only lasts 7 months), most Mexican army destroyed, no supplies, no nothing - Mexican army was beginning to 4. The near take-over of the Civilian Government by the Texas Army - Sam Houston was afraid they would lose control - After hurt, not going to let Burnet take-over
LEGACY OF SPANISH TX
1. Names for counties, rivers and places. 42/254 counties have Hispanic names and every major river except for Red River 2. Maps, historical records, narratives (Cabeza's journal published in 1542), records of life in early TX, descriptions of Indians, histories of Spanish TX 3. intro to European livestock leading to first ranching and methods later used by Anglos
SPANISH TEXAS: 1500's to 1760
1. Spanish interested in keeping TX out of foreign hands and spreading Christianity to Indians 2. Spain's control of TX was challenged by France then Britain then US 3. TX was a money losing proposition for Spain
TX REPUBLIC 1836-45
1. The TX Republic was lucky to survive (by giving away land 2. Sam Houston and Mirabeau Lamar represented opposite poles of opinion during the Republic period ( W liked Lamar Comanches were near by and Lamar was an Indian hater... E liked Houston. They disagreed on everything except immigration. Lamar tried to buy recognition for 5 million.) 3. The American annexation of TX by the US was controversial everywhere except inside TX ( when we were broke *12 bill in debt* tried to sell our ~weak af lame af~ navy)
REASONS FOR TX REVOLUTION
1. behavior of Santa Anna 2. clash of cultures 3. protection of slaver THOSE ARE MOST IMPORTANT 4. land speculators that bought off land cheaply during emergency period were afraid national government would cancel their purchases 5. merchants that wanna go back to period of no taxation/customs 1. The Texas Revolution was the result of multiple causes 2. The winning of Texas independence in 1836 was far from inevitable 3. The Texas army resisted civilian control and threatened to topple the elected government of Texas republic
TX REVOLUTION MAIN POINTS
1. won mainly due to geometry, miscalculation by enemy, aid from US, enough volunteering and good luck 2. many Tejanos supported overthrow of Santa Anna few favored TX independence 3. The Battle of the Alamo is far more important symbolically than militarily 4. Most TX didn't know if the war of independence was over after the battle of san Jacinto 5. The TX army threatened to take over the TX government in the summer of 1836 which is why Acting President Burnet speeded up inauguration of Sam Houston 6. Most TX wanted to be annexed by US it was US that kept TX waiting for almost 10 years (Jackson didn't want to start something he couldn't finish or dump to successor VP Van Buren) ( slavery was an issue for US. 13 free 13 states
Louisiana Purchase
15 milly W boundary unclear Jefferson Spain sees as illegitamate
ARCHIVES WAR
Sam Houston sent wagons to Austin to pick up archives. Austin citizens refused and chased them out of town.
FIRST SPANISH MISSION IN EAST TX
San Francisco de los Tejas
FIRST SPANISH MISSION IN EAST TEXAS
San Francisco de los Tejas -diseased ended in failure
TX REPUBLIC MAIN POINTS
TX republic main points 1. The republic's biggest accomplishment was survival 2. Sam Houston and Mirabeau Lamar were the 2 biggest figures during the Republic period an they disagreed on most major issues 3. Houston's diplomacy, Tyler's ambitions the British threat and the election of Polk are most responsible for annexation in 1845 4. Although TEXAS annexation passed the US senate by one vote the final terms were exceedingly generous far more than were necessary to win Texas's approval
Treaty of Velasco
Texans captured Santa Anna and forced him to sign it recognizing the Republic of Texas.
23. Who was the acting president of the Texas Republic between March and October 1836? (a) Sam Houston (b) Lorenzo de Zavala (c) Stephen Austin (d) David Burnet
d) David Burnet