exam 1 questions

where is aortic stenosis heard

2nd intercostal, right sternal border

The nurse understands that certain medications protect the ischemic myocardium by blocking catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation. Which class of medications serve this function? A.Beta-blockers B.Calcium channel blockers C.Opioids D.Nitrates

A.Beta-blockers

A patient admitted with acute dyspnea is newly diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy. Which information will the nurse plan to teach the patient about managing this disorder? A.Notify the health care provider about symptoms such as shortness of breath. B.Elevating the legs above the heart will help relieve dyspnea. C.A heart transplant should be scheduled as soon as possible. D.Careful compliance with diet and medications will prevent heart failure.

A.Notify the health care provider about symptoms such as shortness of breath.

A nurse is caring for a patient who has a chest tube and drainage system in place. The nurse observes that the chest tube was accidentally removed. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A.Obtain a CXR B.Apply sterile gauze to the insertion site & secure on 3 sides C.Apply sterile gauze to the insertion site & secure on 4 sides D.Page the provider

B.Apply sterile gauze to the insertion site & secure on 3 sides

The nurse is caring for a 64-yr-old patient admitted with mitral valve regurgitation. Which information obtained by the nurse when assessing the patient should be communicated to the health care provider immediately? A.The patient has 4+ peripheral edema. B.The patient has diffuse bilateral crackles. C.The patient has a palpable thrill felt over the left anterior chest. D.The patient has a loud systolic murmur across the precordium.

B.The patient has diffuse bilateral crackles.

The nurse will plan discharge teaching about prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures for which patient? A.Patient being discharged after an exacerbation of heart failure B.Patient admitted with a large acute myocardial infarction C.Patient who had a mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve D.Patient being treated for rheumatic fever after a streptococcal infection

C.Patient who had a mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a 24-yr-old patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP). Which information obtained by the nurse is most important? A.The patient has a history of a recent upper respiratory infection. B.The patient reports using cocaine a "couple of times" as a teenager. C.The patient's 29-yr-old brother died from a sudden cardiac arrest. D.The patient has a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD).

C.The patient's 29-yr-old brother died from a sudden cardiac arrest.

A 21-yr-old woman is scheduled for percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty to treat mitral stenosis. Which information should the nurse include when explaining the advantages of valvuloplasty over valve replacement to the patient? A.Ongoing cardiac care by a health care provider is not necessary after valvuloplasty. B.Mechanical mitral valves need to be replaced sooner than biologic valves. C.Biologic valves will require immunosuppressive drugs after surgery. D.Lifelong anticoagulant therapy is needed after mechanical valve replacement.

D.Lifelong anticoagulant therapy is needed after mechanical valve replacement.

A nurse is assisting a provider with the removal of a chest tube. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the patient to do? A.Lie on his left side B.Use the incentive spirometer C.Cough at regular intervals D.Perform the Valsalva maneuver

D.Perform the Valsalva maneuver

While caring for a 23-yr-old patient with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) without valvular regurgitation, the nurse determines that discharge teaching has been effective when the patient states that it will be necessary to A.take an aspirin a day to prevent clots from forming on the valve. B.limit physical activity to avoid stressing the heart. C.take antibiotics before any dental appointments. D.avoid over-the-counter (OTC) drugs that contain stimulants.

D.avoid over-the-counter (OTC) drugs that contain stimulants.

When caring for a patient with mitral valve stenosis, it is most important that the nurse assess for A.diastolic murmur. B.peripheral edema. C.right upper quadrant tenderness. D.shortness of breath on exertion

D.shortness of breath on exertion - blood starts backing into lungs, may see minimal CO, could cause worsening HF

what type of CMP is associated with childbirth and why

Dilated r/t high BP during pregnancy (not reversible)

Patients with CMP are at high risk for developing what condition

HF

Which potential complication should the nurse assess for in the patient with infective endocarditis who has embolization of vegetative lesions from the mitral valve? a)PE b)CVA c)Hemoptysis d)DVT

b)CVA - forward flow

A patient is directly admitted from the cardiology office to the telemetry unit. Infective endocarditis is part of the differential diagnoses on admission. Which admission order should the nurse implement first? a)Administer in IV antibiotic b)Obtain blood cultures X 2 c)Schedule an echocardiogram d)Consult physical therapy for impaired mobility

b)Obtain blood cultures X 2

A patient diagnosed with pericarditis is prescribed an NSAID: ibuprofen 800 mg PO TID. Which teaching instructions should the nurse discuss with the patient? a)Explain the importance of tapering off the medication b)Discuss that the medication will make the patient drowsy c)Instruct the patient to take the medication with food d)Tell the patient to take the medication when the pain level is at 8/10

c)Instruct the patient to take the medication with food

Which nursing diagnosis would be priority for the patient diagnosed with myocarditis? a)Anxiety related to possible long-term complications b)High risk for injury related to antibiotic therapy c)Increased cardiac output related to valve regurgitation d)Activity intolerance related to impaired cardiac muscle function

d)Activity intolerance related to impaired cardiac muscle function

Which are the most common signs and symptoms the nurse would expect to find when assessing a patient with acute pericarditis? a)Pulsus paradoxus (cardiac tamponade) a)Drop in pressure w/ inspiration b)Complaints of fatigue & arthralgias c)Petechia & splinter hemorrhages d)Increased chest pain with inspiration

d)Increased chest pain with inspiration

An echo reports hypertrophy of ventricular septum. The patient should be evaluated further for what condition

hypertrophic CMP