Exam 1 quizzes

Endurance exercise training programs (e.g., 3 days/week @ 60% VO2 max for 12 weeks) typically results in a ______. A. 15-25% improvement in VO2 max B. 5-10% improvement in VO2 max C. 40-60% improvement in VO2 max D. 1-5% improvement in VO2 max

A

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle? A. specificity B. reversibility C. overload D. none of these

A

The heart rate and ventilatory responses to constant load submaximal exercise are lower (i.e., lower heart rate and lower minute ventilation) following an endurance training program. This training-induced adaptation is primarily due to changes in the A. trained skeletal muscles. B. carotid bodies. C. central nervous system. D. lungs.

A

The principle of specificity of training refers to the fact that exercise training is specific to A. all of these are correct. B. the fiber types recruited. C. the muscles involved in the activity. D. the principal energy system (i.e., aerobic vs. anaerobic) involved in the activity.

A

Which of the following endurance training adaptations assist in maintaining acid-base balance during exercise? A. increased mitochondrial volume in skeletal muscle B. increased glycolytic capacity C. decreased beta oxidation capacity D. increased M4 form of LDH

A

Which of the following factors do not contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in VO2 max? A. increased maximal heart rate B. None of these answers is correct C. increased maximal stroke volume D. increased maximal cardiac output

A

Cross-sectional studies demonstrate that the physiological variable responsible for the large variation in VO2 max across the normal (untrained) population is maximal A. systolic blood pressure. B. arteriovenous O2 difference. C. heart rate. D. stroke volume.

D

During the first four months of an endurance exercise training program, the initial increase in VO2 max is primarily due to A. increases in stroke volume. B. increases in maximal cardiac output. C. neural adaptations. D. Both increases in stroke volume and increases in maximal cardiac output are correct.

D

High responders to endurance exercise training (i.e., individuals that achieve large increases in VO2 max) can achieve up to ______% improvement in VO2 max following a prolonged and intense training program. A. 90 B. 35 C. 20 D. 50

D

The increase in VO2 max that occurs following 16 months of endurance exercise training results from A. an increase in the maximal heart rate. B. an increase in maximal cardiac output. C. an increase in the maximal a-vO2 difference. D. both an increase in the maximal a-vO2 difference and an increase in maximal cardiac output are correct.

D

Which of the following training adaptations does NOT occur in skeletal muscles following 4-10 weeks of anaerobic exercise training? A. increased activities of myokinase and creatine phosphokinase B. increased muscle buffer capacity C. increased activities of key glycolytic enzymes D. None of these answers is correct

D

Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training, the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis occurs within _____ following the completion of the exercise session. A. hours B. seconds C. days D. minutes

a

Endurance training results in increased mitochondrial and capillary density in muscle but has no effect on muscle glycolytic capacity. This is an example of what training principle? A. decreased pyruvate formation B. increased glycogen utilization C. increased mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate D. increased H4 form of LDH

B

Following an acute bout of endurance exercise training, the rise in the activity of calcinuneurin, calmodulin kinase, and AMP kinases occurs within _____ following the exercise session. A. seconds B. minutes C. hours D. days

B

Following several weeks of endurance exercise training, the capacity to transport glucose into skeletal muscle fibers is increased. Which of the following training-induced changes contribute to this training effect? A. an increase in circulating catecholamines B. the increase in the number of GLUT4 glucose transporters C. an increase in mitochondria within muscle fibers D. a decrease in circulating insulin

B

The enhanced capacity of the trained muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in A. sparing of blood glucose. B. all of these answers are correct. Correct C. increased uptake of fatty acids. D. decreased utilization of muscle glycogen.

B

Which of the following endurance training adaptations does NOT result in lower lactate production in the contracting muscles? A. decreased pyruvate formation B. increased glycogen utilization C. increased mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate D. increased H4 form of LDH

B

Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced improvement in stroke volume during exercise? A. increased end-diastolic volume B. increased peripheral resistance C. decrease in total peripheral resistance D. increased cardiac contractility

B

Which of the following physiological factors does NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increase in the maximal a-vO2 difference? A. increased mitochondria volume in the muscle B. increased hemoglobin in the blood Correct C. increased muscle blood flow D. increased capillaries in the muscle

B

Which of the following statements are true about the effect of endurance training or detraining on mitochondria volume in human skeletal muscle? A. Seven days of detraining can reduce mitochondrial volume by 50% below the trained level. B. All of these are true. Correct C. Five weeks of endurance training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume by two times about normal. D. After a period of detraining, approximately 4 weeks of retraining is required to regain the lost mitochondrial volume.

B

Which of the following factors DO NOT contribute to the endurance exercise training-induced increases in fat metabolism during exercise? A. increased beta oxidation enzymes B. slower blood flow in muscle C. increased fat storage in the liver D. increased FFA transporters

C

Endurance exercise training results in an increase in mitochondria volume within skeletal muscle fibers. The process of synthesizing mitochondria in cells is called ______. A. none of these answers is correct B. mitochondrial proteostasis C. mitochondrial biogenesis D. mitophagy

C

Endurance training has been shown to reduce the oxygen deficit in subjects performing a bout of submaximal exercise. This is likely due to A. an increased maximal cardiac output. B. a greater anaerobic capacity. C. increases in the number of mitochondria and capillaries. D. a decreased resting heart rate.

C

Four-to-ten weeks of anaerobic training (high intensity exercise lasting 10-30 seconds) can increase the peak anaerobic capacity by ______ across individuals. A. 30-40% B. 65-75% C. 3-25% D. 50-60%

C

Heritability (i.e., genetics) determines approximately _____% of VO2 max variability in sedentary adults. A. 30 B. 90 C. 50 D. 20

C

The average VO2 max value for the young (e.g., 21 years old) male sedentary population is approximately A. 22 ml • kg-1 • min-1. B. 35 ml • kg-1 • min-1. C. 45 ml • kg-1 • min-1. D. 83 ml • kg-1 • min-1.

C

The removal of damaged mitochondria in skeletal muscle and other cells is called A. mitochondria endocytosis. B. mitochondrial exocytosis. C. mitophagy. D. mitogenesis.

C

Which of the following factors DO NOT contribute to the decline in VO2 observed during 84 days of detraining? A. A decrease in maximal stroke volume B. A decrease in the maximal arterial-venous O2 difference C. A decrease in maximal heart rate Correct D. None of these is correct

C