Exam 2 - 3280 Pathophysiology
A major difference between a vesicle and a wheal is that vesicles a) a contain fluid but wheals are edematous b) are palpable, but a wheal is not c) are larger than wheals d) are smaller than wheals
a
All obstructive pulmonary disorders are characterized by a. resistance to airflow. b. hyperresponsiveness. c. decreased residual volumes. d. decreased lung compliance.
a
An infectious disease that is common in a community is termed: a) endemic b) epidemic c) pandemic d) partdemic
a
Post-infective painful neuralgia can complication of a) shingles b) herpes simplex c) impetigo d) verrucae
a
Psoriasis is characterized by a) a silvery scale on the skin b) itchy oozing rash c) thickened discolored nails d) white-ish coating on tongue
a
What is the most common benign form of skin cancer a) Basal b) squamous c) melanoma d) actinic keratosis
a
Which pulmonary function test result is consistent with a diagnosis of asthma? a)Reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) b)Decreased functional residual capacity c) Increased FEV1 d) reduced total lung volume
a
dietary zinc is an important defense against infections, because it maintains (select all that apply) a) natural killer cell function b) lymphocyte activity c) antioxidant activity d) neutrophil activity e) complement activity
a, b, d, e
After evaluation, a child's asthma is characterized as "extrinsic." This means that the asthma is a) of unknown pathogenesis. b) associated with specific allergic triggers. c) associated with respiratory infections. d) induced by psychological factors (stress).
b
Drug resistance of microbes occurs secondary to a) patient allergy to a drug b) mutation of the microbe c) enhance pathogenicity of the microbe d) using high doses of drugs
b
It is true that vitiligo a) occurs as a result of a genetic lack of melanin production b) is a depigmented patch of skin c) occurs most commonly in light-skinned individuals d) Is a warning sign for malignant melanoma
b
Obstructive disorders are associated with a) low residual volumes. b) low expiratory flow rates. c) increased expiratory reserve volume. d) decreased total lung capacity.
b
Scleroderma is characterized by a) large weeping open sores b) thickening and decreased elasticity of the skin c) butterfly rash on face d) Hair loss and ulcer formation on the extremities
b
The most common method of disease transmission is: a) airborne b) droplet c) vector d) inoculant
b
The term used to describe fungal infections is a) sepsis b) mycoses c) amebiasis d) Chlamydia
b
When exposed to inhaled allergens, a patient with asthma produces large quantities of a. IgG. b. IgE. c. IgA. d. IgM.
b
Which finding indicates a need for further evaluation of a nevus mole? a) The presence of light pigmentation b) variations in color within the nevus c) very dark coloration of the mole d) diameter less than 2 mm
b
A characteristic of some bacteria a) is intracellular parasite b) is composed of RNA or DNA c) contains cell wall endotoxin d) cannot replicate extracellularly
c
Allergic (extrinsic) asthma is associated with a) hyporesponsiveness of airways. b) unknown precipitating factors. c) IgE-mediated airway inflammation. d) irreversible airway obstruction.
c
Asthma is categorized as a(n) a) restrictive pulmonary disorder. b) infective pulmonary disorder. c)obstructive pulmonary disorder. d) type of acute tracheobronchial obstruction.
c
At puberty when sebaceous gland secretion increases, follicle obstruction and infection may occur, resulting in a) psoriasis b) eczema c) acne vulgaris d) pemphigus
c
Conditions caused by a virus include a) athletes foot b) boils c) warts d) impetigo
c
Deep pressure ulcers usually a) appear first as reddened areas that do not blanch b) begin in the dermal and epidermal skin layers c) result from thrombosis of deep vessels d) are an unavoidable consequence of immobility
c
Immune function is likely to be most effective in a a) newborn b) 7-month-old infant c) 30-year-old d) 70-year-old
c
Impetigo is a skin infection caused by a) Fungus b) Yeast c) bacteria d) parasite
c
Itchy linear burrows on the hands and wrists are associated with a) tick bites b) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever c) Scabies d) Contact dermatitis
c
Onycholysis is characterized by a) a silvery scale on the skin b) itchy oozing rash c) destruction of nails d) white-ish coating on the tongue
c
Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes a) Measles b) mumps c) chickenpox d) rubella
c
Which complication of asthma is life threatening? a) Exercise-induced asthma b) Late phase response c) Status asthmaticus d) Mast cell degranulation
c
he increased anterior-posterior chest diameter associated with obstructive lung disease is caused by a) increased pulmonary blood flow. b) increased expiratory flow rates c) increased residual lung volumes d) decreased chest wall compliance
c
A difference between chickenpox and measles is that chickenpox a) is caused by a virus, whereas measles is caused by a bacterium b) causes a widespread rash, whereas measles causes a macular rash c) is a childhood infection but measles can involve into shingles as adults d) causes vesicles that scab, whereas measles remain as a macular rash
d
Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is caused by a) parasitic infestation of the skin b) superficial staphylococcal infection c) Superficial fungal infection d) contact with skin allergens
d
Corticosteroids are commonly administered for the management of skin disorders because they a) are analgesics b) prevent infection c) enhance collage production d) reduce inflammation
d
In individuals who have asthma, exposure to an allergen to which they are sensitized leads to which pathophysiologic event? a- Loss of alveolar elastin and premature closure of airways b- Pulmonary edema and decreased alveolar compliance c- Mast cell degranulation that causes decreased surfactant d- Inflammation, mucosal edema, and bronchoconstriction
d
Manifestations of herpes zoster include a) multiple fluid-filled vesicles on the lips, tongue, and hands b) generalized painful maculopapular rash C) red itchy palms & soles of feet d) dermal distribution of lesions and pain
d
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment? a) The child probably has consolidated pneumonia; oxygen should be started immediately. b) Since there is not wheezing, asthma is the problem, but oxygen should be started immediately anyway. c) The signs and symptoms are consistent with asthma; start oxygen and then check to see that your stethoscope is working properly. d) The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
d
The cancer considered to be the most malignant is a) hyperkeratosis b) basal cell carcinoma c) squamous cell carcinoma d) melanoma
d
which finding is a characteristic of oral candidiasis a) silvery plaques on the skin b) itching oozing rash c) thickened discolored nails d) Whitish coating on tongue
d
Which type of dermatitis is associated with cradle cap in newborns a) irritant b) seborrheic c) atopic d) status
B
SELECT ALL herpes simplex 1 infection a) causes both oral and genital infections b) burning tingling sensation c) reactivates with stress, sun exposure, and menses d) is painless e) remains latent in spinal ganglia between outbreak
B, C, E
Acute, painful inflammation with vesicles along the distribution of a spinal nerve (dermatome) is a characteristic of a) herpes zoster b) herpes simplex c) HPV d) tinea
A
An acute asthma attack is associated with (Select all that apply.) a) bronchoconstriction. b) bronchial mucosal edema. c) hypersecretion of mucus. d) alveolar collapse. e) hypoxemia.
A, B, C, E
Risk of infection is increased in (select all that apply) a) Use of corticosteroids b) Diabetes mellitus c) Spleen removal d) Stomach removal e) Stress
A, B, C, E
Characteristics of asthma include (Select all that apply.) a) chronic inflammatory disorder. b) airway hyperresponsiveness. c) alveolar collapse. d) genetic susceptibility. e) airway remodeling.
A, B, D, E
Chronic occupational lung disease is characterized by (Select all that apply.) a) causation from long-term inhalation of inorganic material. b) a latent period before symptoms occur. c) hyperactive respiratory macrophages. d) a progressive cough and dyspnea with exercise. e) possible negative chest x-ray when symptom-free.
A, B, D, E
When assessing an individual during an acute asthma episode, you should expect to find (Select all that apply.) a) use of accessory breathing muscles. b) expiratory wheezing. c) foul-smelling sputum. d) coughing. e) feeling of chest tightness
A, B, D, E
Characteristics of immunization include which of the following? (select all that apply) a) giving injections of preformed antibodies provides immediate immunity b)Immunization provides life-long immunity c) Immunization with killed vaccines may lead to infection from the agent d) Herd immunity controls disease without immunizing everyone in the population e) lack of immunization may lead to an epidemic
A, D, E
A restrictive respiratory disorder is characterized by a) increased total lung capacity. b) decreased residual volume. c) inspiratory wheezing. d) expiratory wheezing.
B
A topical therapy that would tend to dry the skin because it is an astringent is a) lotion b) gel c) cream d) ointment
B
The presence of a widely distributed pruritic maculopapular rash and erythema is commonly associated with a) psoriasis b) drug reaction c) scleroderms d) bedbug bites
B
A 4-year-old is brought to the clinic for evaluation of dry, scaly, itchy patches on the face, antecubital areas, and behind the ears and knees. The skin is dry overall, and there is evidence of scratching. This is likely a case of a) impetigo b) atopic dermatitis c) psoriasis d) scabies
B
What is the most deadliest form of skin cancer? a) Basal b) squamous c) melanoma d) actinic keratosis
C
