Exam 2

Which of the following describes how signals pass through a typical single neuron?

Signals pass from the dendrites, through the cell body, and down the axon to the axon terminals.

which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat?

adipose tissue

Connective tissue is made of which three essential components?

cells, ground substance, and protein fibers

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? a. columnar b. stratified c. squamous d. transitional

columnar

which of the following is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

endocrine glands release secretions directly into the surrounding tissues and fluids, while exocrine glands release secretion through ducts that open to the external environment.

skeletal muscle is composed of very hard working cells. which organelles do you expect in skeletal muscle cell?

mitochondria

The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________.

myoblasts

What's not a function of skin?

releasing digestive enzymes.

What causes goosebumps?

The arrector pili muscle contracts and pulls the hair upright. This pushes the skin back on the surface creating a "goosebump".

which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier?

astrocytes

the nerve impulse travels down a(n) ________, away from the cell body.

axon

ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. what type of connective tissue should you expect ligament to contain?

dense regular connective tissue

a _______ is a region of skin that sends sensory information through a single pair of spinal nerves.

dermatomes

perspiration from _______ sweat glands aids in thermoregulation by releasing heat from the body, whereas ______ sweat glands are active during emotional sweating and sex.

eccrine, apocrine

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. a. endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium b. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm c. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue d. epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

during the proliferative phase of wound-healing, _______ build new tissue by secreting _______ that takes the shape of the original tissue.

fibroblasts, collagen

hair growth occurs when the cells in the _______, at the base of the bulb, divide and push upward.

hair matrix

The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. a. holocrine; apocrine b. eccrine; endocrine c. apocrine; holocrine d. eccrine; apocrine

holocrine, apocrine

under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably:

hyaline cartilage

nails are hard plates of epidermal cells that have been converted into:

keratin

when scarring occurs after a deep wound, healed tissue:

loses its normal function

_______ detect touch stimuli and transmit these signals to sensory nerves.

merkel cells

In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________.

mesenchyme

Each tissue of the body is formed from one of three germ layers. Which germ layer do all 3 of the muscle tissue types form from?

mesoderm

the dermis is the ______ layer of skin.

middle

during integumentary innervation, sensory receptors in the skin pass signals to:

nerves of the peripheral nervous system

which of the following is the most complex and highly organized body system?

nervous system

the cell responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are _______?

neurons

how would you explain the avascular nature of epithelial tissues to another student who needs clarification on this subject?

no blood vessels cross the basement membrane to enter the tissue, and nutrients must come by diffusion or absorption from the underlying tissues or the surface.

smooth muscle

non-striated and under involuntary control

In bone, the main cells are ________.

osteocytes

blood vessels carry _______ to the site of tissue damage, causing a fibrous clot to form.

platelets

these produce an oily substance that lubricates skin and provides protection from bacteria

sebaceous glands

Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? a. columnar b. pseudostratified c. simple squamous d. transitional

simple squamous

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________.

skeletal muscle only

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? a. transitional b. stratified columnar c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar d. stratified squamous

stratified columnar

the papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis?

stratum basale

cardiac muscle

striated and involuntary

skeletal tissue

striated and voluntary, connects bone

what distinguishes the epidermis from the dermis?

the epidermis is epithelial tissue while the dermis is connective tissue.

One generalized function of epithelial tissue is:

the first line of protection from physical, chemical and biological attacks from outside and inside the body

which of the following functions of epithelial tissues aids in digestion?

the secretion and release of mucus and specific chemical compounds.

ultraviolet radiation from sunlight causes skin cells to produce ______, which the liver and kidneys modify to promote bone development.

vitamin D

which of the following statements accurately compares voluntary and involuntary muscle movement?

voluntary movement is under conscious control. involuntary is not.