Exam 2: Ch 4-7

Dr. Osaka is criticizing Piaget's ideas. They can legitimately make which statement? -"There is no change from preoperational to concrete operational thought." -"The transition from preoperations to concrete operations occurs over 10 years." -"Children are more egocentric than Piaget believed." -"Across different societies, children reach specific conservations earlier, showing that one can teach children to conserve."

"Across different societies, children reach specific conservations earlier, showing that one can teach children to conserve."

The basic takeaway message readers should make about introducing technology to preschoolers is: -"Do it, but actively supervise and teach." -"It's preferable to fantasy play." -"Don't do it. These kids are too young." -"It's more detrimental than fantasy play."

"Do it, but actively supervise and teach"

Dr. Chang is giving tips about raising competent, caring children. They would be LEAST likely to give this advice: -"Respect the priorities of your culture." -"Offer children discipline and lots of love." -"Emphasize education above everything else." -"Raise your child in a caring community."

"Emphasize education above all else"

Coach Odyo catches Matt, age 9, stealing from another student's locker after gym. Which is the BEST reaction the coach can make to promote prosocial behavior? -"I'm going to tell your parents that you are a danger to other students." -"You cannot be trusted in the locker room, so you will spend gym in the principal's office for the rest of the term." -"I am disappointed that you would violate someone's privacy. I know you know better." -"Because you violated another student's privacy, you will have to stand in front of the whole class while they laugh at you."

"I am disappointed that you would violate someone's privacy. I know you know better"

Professor Adachi is giving a lecture on the qualities that promote resilience. Which statement are they LEAST likely to make? -"It's crucial to have a caring relationship with at least one adult." -"It helps to be optimistic and to be good at regulating your emotions." -"It helps to have siblings." -"It helps to have superior intellectual skills or a special talent."

"It helps to have siblings"

With regard to taking this test, which is an example of INTRINSIC motivation? -"If I get a good grade on this test, I won't flunk out of school!" -"It's a terrific challenge to figure out what I've learned so far!" -"It's a terrific challenge to get the highest grade I can!" -"If I get a good grade on this test, I might get into graduate school!"

"It's a terrific challenge to figure out what I've learned so far"

A first-grade teacher—alarmed because the male students are constantly wrestling and shoving—asks Dr. Wren's advice. Based on the text, what would Dr. Wren advise? -"You have a budding youth gang on your hands; call the school psychologist." -"Put these boys in regular time outs until their behavior improves." -"It's typical rough-and-tumble play. As long as no one gets hurt or bullied, it's best not to intervene." -"Offer strict rules to keep their aggression under control."

"It's typical rough-and-tumble play. As long as no one gets hurt or bullied, it's best not to intervene"

If a child gets a terrible math grade, which comment is LEAST effective or helpful? -"Let's face it. Some people just aren't born to be good with numbers." -"Do the best you can. I'll be proud of you if you try very hard." -"Let's break this challenge into steps, so you can succeed." -"If you start to lose confidence in your ability to do well in school, think of how well you are doing in Language Arts."

"Let's face it. Some people just aren't born to be good with numbers"

Pete's son has just been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and this dad needs advice. A developmentalist can BEST advise: -"Getting the child involved in high-intensity academics-related games." -"Providing no rules." -"Using power assertion." -"Providing strict rules."

"Providing no rules"

In contrasting the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with end-of-year achievement tests, what should a psychologist say? -"The WISC is supposed to measure genetic potential. Achievement tests measure knowledge of school subjects." -"The two tests measure basically the same skills." -"Both tests are taken in group settings." -"The WISC has one part; achievement tests measure different skills."

"The WISC is supposed to measure genetic potential. Achievement tests measure knowledge of school subjects"

A teacher is horrified that the fourth graders are always making comparisons between one another. A developmentalist should respond: -"Beginning in preschool, that's typical." -"When children reach concrete operations, that's typical." -"That's a sign of a poorly run class." -"That's a sign that the children are having problems at home."

"When children reach concrete operations, that's typical"

If Celene gets an "A" on her science test, which is the MOST helpful response? -"You have been trying so hard, so I'm thrilled!" -"I'm thrilled. Now you're as good at science as everyone else in the family!" -"I'm thrilled—you are brilliant in science!" -"You probably have a high intelligence test score!"

"You have been trying so hard, so I'm thrilled"

Felicia, the mother of a preschooler, wants to know the best strategy for improving her child's working memory (and therefore enhancing their school success). Having read this chapter, what should a person suggest? -"Train your child to memorize words." -"Get your child physically active." -"Focus on stimulating the child's cognitive skills and downplay social interactions." -"Buy lots of learning toys."

"get your child physically active"

Identify each child's type of preoperational thought: (1) thinks their father made the moon; (2) believes their stuffed bear is alive; (3) thinks their sister turned into another person when she got a haircut. -(1) artificialism; (2) no identity constancy; (3) animism -(1) artificialism; (2) animism; (3) no identity constancy -(1) no identity constancy; (2) artificialism; (3) animism -(1) animism; (2) artificialism; (3) no identity constancy

(1) artificialism; (2) animism; (3) no identity constancy

Which is an example of (1) a gross motor talent and (2) a fine motor talent? -(1) climbing a tree; (2) forming letters -(1) cutting out a paper snowflake; (2) sawing through a tree -(1) forming letters; (2) climbing a tree -(1) drawing a portrait; (2) painting a wall

(1) climbing a tree; (2) forming letters

Which term describes each of these concrete operational skills? (1) Understanding that an increase in one dimension of a substance can make up for a loss in another dimension of the substance; (2) understanding that changing the shape of a substance doesn't change its amount; (3) realizing that candy is the name for both licorice and gummy bears. -(1) conservation of mass; (2) class inclusion; (3) decentering -(1) decentering; (2) class inclusion; (3) conservation of mass -(1) conservation of mass; (2) decentering; (3) class inclusion -(1) decentering; (2) conservation of mass; (3) class inclusion

(1) decentering; (2) conservation of mass; (3) class inclusion

Which is the correct diagnostic label for each child? (1) Failing in school and has a very low IQ; (2) failing in school and has an average or above average IQ. -in both cases, intellectually disabled -in both cases, a specific learning disorder -(1) specific learning disorder; (2) intellectually disabled -(1) intellectually disabled; (2) specific learning disorder

(1) intellectually disabled; (2) specific learning disorder

Link the language issues involved: (1) Janek says, "I saw some gooses." (2) Jana says, "I no like gooses." (3) Jed refers to every bird as a "goose." -(1) overregulation; (2) overextension; (3) problem with syntax -(1) overextension; (2) overregulation; (3) problem with syntax -(1) overregulation; (2) problem with syntax; (3) overextension -(1) problem with syntax; (2) overregulation; (3) overextension

(1) overregulation; (2) problem with syntax; (3) overextension

Identify each parenting style: (1) The Smiths provide incredible love but no discipline; (2) The Joneses are very strict and don't allow deviations from the rules; (3) The James home is chaotic, with parents absent from their children's lives. -(1) permissive; (2) authoritarian; (3) rejecting-neglecting -(1) permissive; (2) authoritative; (3) rejecting-neglecting -(1) authoritative; (2) authoritarian; (3) permissive -(1) rejecting-neglecting; (2) authoritarian; (3) permissive

(1) permissive; (2) authoritarian; (3) rejecting-neglecting

Link the correct language term to the following: (1) the "b" sound in "boy"; (2) the definition of "boy"; (3) the units of meaning conveyed by the word "boy." -(1) semantics; (2) phoneme; (3) morpheme -(1) morpheme; (2) phoneme; (3) semantics -(1) semantics; (2) morpheme; (3) phoneme -(1) phoneme; (2) semantics; (3) morpheme

(1) phoneme; (2) semantics; (3) morpheme

Bettina says, "Linda is my best friend because she's always there for me when I need to talk." Bettina is probably about _____ years old. -4 -6 -10 -5

10

Which child would be MOST likely to try to help every person in need? -a girl -an 8-year-old -a 4-year-old -a boy

4 year old

If a child can pass a false-belief task, they are MOST likely at least _____ old. -2 years -6 years -4 years -18 months

4 years

Iann loves to pretend with his friends; Carlisle adores playing on the soccer team. Iann is roughly 5 years old, and Carlisle is over age: -2 -5 -8 -10

8

Which third grader is MOST likely to develop a hostile attributional bias? -Hannah has a difficult temperament; her father takes care to use induction when she misbehaves. -Francine is anxious, but now she does well in school. -As a toddler, Elam was fearless and disciplined harshly; now he is rejected by his peers. -Guillermo has internalizing tendencies and only has a few friends.

As a toddler, Elam was fearless and disciplined harshly; now he is rejected by his peers

Ms. Ramos believes that the IQ measures her fourth graders' genetically determined intellectual capacities. Psychologists advise caution, especially for: -Delphinia, whose family owns the local bank. -Farrah, who lives with her mother, a professor at the local community college. -Eduardo, whose great-grandparents moved to the United States from Spain. -Carmine, whose parent is living below the poverty line.

Carmine, whose parent is living below the poverty line

Every psychologist is likely to disagree with this statement: -If people use corporal punishment, they must explain what the child has done wrong. -Corporal punishment produces obedient kids. -Corporal punishment can work under certain limited conditions. -Corporal punishment never works.

Corporal punishment produces obedient kids

Which child is showing animism? -Hermia, who thinks her father is a superhero when he puts on a costume -Debare, who thinks that his toy bear is alive -Chao, who thinks he has more juice than his sister, because his bottle was poured into a taller glass -Marita, who eats her lunch before she gets to school

Debare, who thinks that his toy bear is alive

Which example BEST illustrates a past-talk conversation? -Nestor plans what to do next summer at the beach. -Lana explains how many kinds of dolphins there are. -Antony discusses a phobia he has about whales. -Delia talks about the terrific time she had last summer at the beach.

Delia talks about the terrific time she had last summer at the beach.

Which strategy is LEAST likely to show that Armand has theory of mind? -He is excellent at math. -He has a conscience, feels guilty, when he does wrong. -He can have a give-and-take conversation. -He can understand and empathize with the feelings of other children.

He is excellent at math

Which child is most at risk of being labeled "highly aggressive" in elementary school? -Jiao, an exuberant toddler, who was catered to by his parents -Jaidyn, an exuberant toddler, who was regularly spanked -James, a shy toddler, who was regularly spanked -Jamal, a shy toddler, who was shamed by his parents

Jaidyn, an exuberant toddler, who was regularly spanked

Which teacher is using Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding in teaching math? -Mr. Solomon drills his students in long division, and then gives a multiple-choice test to see what the class has learned. -Mr. Chen makes sure his students have mastered each step in learning long division, and then gradually backs off and allows the class to practice on their own. -Ms. Lahod goes over long division in a single class period. -Mr. Olinksy tries to get his students to figure out long division on their own.

Mr. Chen makes sure his students have mastered each step in learning long division, and then gradually backs off and allows the class to practice on their own.

Which teacher is using Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD)? -Mrs. Banda makes sure that every student learns at the same pace. -Ms. Trong spaces the desks in a classroom so that every student can see the board. -Mr. Safa figures out what each child knows now and then determines what that child is capable of understanding through instruction. -Mr. Doud has the class do individual projects.

Mr. Safa figures out what each child knows now and then determines what that child is capable of understanding through instruction

Nadia's IQ is 130 in second grade. Which is NOT true of Nadia? -Nadia is probably doing exceptionally well in school. -Nadia is gifted in every real-world talent. -Nada is eligible for the gifted class. -Nadia will probably have a similar IQ score in fifth grade unless she undergoes a major life stress.

Nadia is gifted in every real-world talent

Which U.S. group is LEAST likely to spank? -Parents who live in Western states -Parents living in communities where many neighbors use this discipline technique -African American parents -Conservative parents, especially parents who strongly prioritize obedience

Parents who live in Western states

How can the author of a textbook make the book more intrinsically motivating? -Make the book less expensive. -Make the content simple so all students can master the material. -It's hopeless, as no textbook can be inherently interesting. -Provide content relevant to students' lives.

Provide content relevant to students' lives

Shelly, age 5, has a difficult time understanding and empathizing with what her classmates are feeling, and she struggles to play collaboratively with the other kids. According to the text, why might this be the case? -Shelly does not understand what her teacher says to her. -Shelly is not able to form autobiographical memories. -Shelly may have poor theory-of-mind abilities. -Shelly experienced poor parenting.

Shelly may have poor theory-of-mind abilities

Which student is LEAST likely to find this class intrinsically rewarding? -Sjur, who has been promised a cash reward for receiving an A on these tests -Samara, who is planning a career as a teacher or developmentalist -Socha, who loves learning about human development -Sherah, who adores the instructor

Sjur, who has been promised a cash reward for receiving an A on these tests

Which child has probably entered concrete operations? -Saada can draw a face well. -Sobechi can follow the rules of a game. -Sky knows the names of the kids in her class. -Sato can count to 100.

Sobechi can follow the rules of a game

A father tells his 4-year-old and 8-year-old sons, "Only pay attention to what I say at dinner," then later tests how much each boy remembers of his own and other family member's conversations. Based on the selective-attention research, what will most likely happen? -The 8-year-old will remember more of what his father says, but both boys will remember everyone else's conversations equally well. -The boys won't reliably remember any of the dinner conversations. -There is no way to predict the answer to this question. -The 8-year-old will remember what everyone else says best.

The 8 year old will remember more of what his father says, but both boys will remember everyone else's conversations equally well

Which ex-spouses are engaged in parental alienation? -The Savilles constantly bad-mouth each other with friends. -The Pearlmans are alienated from one another emotionally. -The Garcias are alienated from their children. -The Joyeaux constantly bad-mouth each other in front of their children.

The Joyeaux constantly bad-mouth each other in front of their children

Which is NOT a valid criticism of Baumrind's parenting-styles framework? -Parenting styles vary from child to child. -There is no relationship between parenting styles and children's success. -Parenting priorities differ by culture. -Authoritarian parenting is more necessary in dangerous environments.

There is no relationship between parenting styles and children's success

Which is NOT true of a child who gets an IQ score of 130? -This child is almost certain to be succeeding socially. -This score falls in the top 2 percent of children that age. -This score is considered "gifted." -This child scored at the 98th percentile for that age group.

This child is almost certain to be succeeding socially

Kanisha is teaching a second-grade class to count on their fingers. Having read this book, what should a person think? -This skill will help in elementary school but not later. -This skill is irrelevant to real life. -This skill helps with reading but not much else. -This skill may help throughout life.

This skill may help throughout life

The Belsky Intelligence Test for Students (BITS) is reliable. What does this mean? -It accurately measures students' intellectual capacity. -It can be given to all students, regardless of ethnicity, gender, or social status. -When it is given more than once, students get nearly the same score each time. -It has been given for many years.

When it is given more than once, students get nearly the same score each time

Who is MOST likely to spank their child? -A parent who lives in Germany -A parent who lives in the United States -A parent who lives in Brazil -A parent who lives in China

a parent who lives in the US

In lecturing on child maltreatment, Professor Carls should make which statement? -"All abused children become abusive caregivers." -"Abused children are often rejected by their peers." -"Abused children have typically developing brains." -"Abused children have secure attachments."

abused children are often rejected by their peers

If a child is beginning to make negative comments such as, "I'm not that smart or good-looking," that child is _____ and is probably at least age _____. -acting atypically; 8 -acting typically; 4 -acting atypically; 4 -acting typically; 8

acting typically; 8

Edite was abused as a child. According to the text: -All of these alternatives are possible. -Edite may neglect her child. -Edite will be passionate to be the best possible parent. -Edite may decide never to spank her child.

all of these alternatives are possible

Neural pruning in the frontal lobes begins: -after puberty. -at around age 5. -late in infancy. -at around age 9.

at around age 9

During childhood, the: -head and body grow at the same rate -body thins out and the limbs get longer. -limbs and body become more rounded. -hands and arms grow more rapidly than the limbs.

body thins out and the limbs get longer

Communities low in upward mobility are most toxic for: -boys. -girls. -infants. -teenagers.

boys

When are children typically able to produce grammatically correct sentences? -just before adolescence -by kindergarten -during late elementary school -at about age 4

by kindergarten

The text states that having children testify in divorce court about which parent they prefer to live with: -can be a good thing but also has serious potential downsides. -is always a good thing. -is always a bad thing. -is becoming far less common today.

can be a good thing but also has serious potential downsides

Reaching concrete operations tends to produce "self-esteem" issues because at this age children: -can fully express their feelings. -are expected to do homework. -are getting disciplined for the first time. -can realistically compare their abilities with their peers'.

can realistically compare their abilities with their peers'

When Ernesto sees his mother roll the thick ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie crust, he says, "Now there is more dough, because it's bigger." His sister Lara tells Ernesto, "No, it's the same amount because Mommy could just roll it back again and it would look the same." According to Piaget's framework, Ernesto _____ and Lara can _____. -can use reversibility; also use reversibility -cannot think hypothetically; think hypothetically -cannot center; center -cannot conserve; conserve

cannot conserve; conserve

Which BEST explains why average scores on standard motor-skill tests are lower today than in previous cohorts? -Children are no longer taught cursive writing. -Children rarely eat finger foods. -Children no longer regularly play outside. -Children no longer play organized sports.

children no longer regularly play outside

Stace lives in a community where neighbors have regular cookouts and families commit to nurturing one another. This community is high in _____. -working models -acculturation -social status -collective efficacy

collective efficacy

To behave prosocially, older children: -consider different alternatives and select a prosocial act. -rush in to help at all times. -act on their immediate impulses. -feel intense empathy.

consider different alternatives and select a prosocial act

According to Vygotsky, when children talk to themselves, they are learning to: -express their emotions. -isolate themselves from people. -make up new emotions. -control and monitor their own behavior.

control and monitor their own behavior

During preschool, which physical ability suggests a child might be advanced at elementary school math? -jumping far -drawing a face -throwing a ball -running fast

drawing a face

At what age do children FIRST prefer to play with children of their own gender? -as toddlers -in first grade -during preschool -in third grade

during preschool

Working memory-bin space enlarges most dramatically during _____. -infancy -adolescence -early elementary school -midlife

early elementary school

Janet and her friends are playing hide-and-seek. This is an example of: -exercise play. -rough-and-tumble play. -collaborative pretend play. -fantasy play.

exercise play

The bottom-line message of the bullying discussion is that this behavior: -can be totally eliminated if adults vigorously intervene. -is ineffective at helping children gain status. -is mainly a childhood problem. -exists at every age but we can reduce its frequency by encouraging sympathy and changing social norms.

exists at every age but we can reduce its frequency by encouraging sympathy and changing social normsq

Sami is age 4 and Sarna is 10. According to Erikson, Sami's task is _____ while Sarna's is _____. -learning to work; exploring the world -exploring the world; learning to work -making friends; exploring the world -exploring the world; making friends

exploring the world; learning to work

In Western societies, which quality is involved in "superior" scaffolding? -letting children figure things out on their own -avoiding a child's zone of proximal development -fostering a secure attachment and breaking challenges into small, easily mastered steps -briefly covering a concept and allowing the child to grasp it at a later time

fostering a secure attachment and breaking challenges into small, easily mastered steps

Which of these does NOT involve executive functions? -freely expressing our emotions -planning and organizing our behavior -selectively attending to what we need to learn -inhibiting our responses

freely expressing our emotions

Which is NOT a strategy a professor should adopt to make this course intrinsically interesting? -Allow students some choice in the material to focus on and study. -Connect to students as people, and care about their well-being. -Make the material relevant to students' lives and careers. -Give easy tests.

give easy tests

Three-year-old Mustafa is unusually good at climbing, jumping, and catching a ball. Mustafa's parents should: -give their son chances to exercise his skills, but not push. -get their child to slow down a bit. -understand that their child isn't likely to do well at academics. -start to train their son at sports right away.

give their son chances to exercise his skills, but not push

Communities that foster upward mobility: -have less income inequality. -have smaller families. -have more teachers with advanced graduate degrees. -have wider income inequality.

have less income inequality

Dora is not doing well in school and scores well below grade level on achievement tests. When Dora takes the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), the child's IQ is 110. Dora is classified as: -an underachiever. -having an intellectual disability. -having a specific learning disorder. -not academically interested.

having a specific learning disorder

The danger with externalizing problems is unrealistically _____ self-esteem. The danger with internalizing issues is unrealistically _____ self-esteem. -fluctuating; stable -low; high -stable; fluctuating -high; low

high; low

The text implies that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is: -a myth. -a clear-cut category. -in part a function of a poor childhood-society fit. -a less popular diagnosis than in the past.

in part a function of a poor childhood-society fit

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders is: -decreasing. -decreasing as children grow up. -increasing. -staying stable.

increasing

Erum is 9 years old. What is his Eriksonian psychosocial task? -initiative -identity -industry -autonomy

industry

According to the latest research, simply praising students for working hard: -is highly effective. -is less effective than telling children they are smart. -is not effective; we need to give children the concrete skills to succeed. -can only work by also offering concrete rewards.

is not effective; we need to give children the concrete skills to succeed

Three-year-old Lauren watches her mother roll a ball of dough into a thin circle for a pie crust, and exclaims, "You made more dough!" Lauren doesn't understand conservation of: -number. -volume. -matter. -mass.

mass

If you went to a preschool and watched pretend play, you would MOST likely find plots centered on: -violent activities. -unfamiliar figures. -happy events. -mastering upsetting events.

mastering upsetting events

Child abuse is probably: -very common. -less common than the objective statistics show. -more common than the objective statistics show. -very rare.

more common than the objective statistics show

Kara is passionate to provide her child with the best chance of succeeding as an adult. According to the text, which quality should she NOT look for in a prospective neighborhood to live in? socioeconomic diversity, with fewer income gaps between rich and --poor households -only affluent residents -value-added teachers -collective efficacy

only affluent residents

Which preschoolers are NOT apt to develop theory-of-mind capacities at a younger-than-average age? -bilingual children -children with older siblings -only children -children who live in Western individualistic cultures

only children

Which skill would appear on a scale of Gardner's multiple intelligences but NOT on Sternberg's successful intelligence? -academic abilities -common sense -physical abilities -creative abilities

physical abilities

Jesse experienced undernutrition when he was a toddler. This semi-starvation would be MOST apt to negatively impact this child's: -physical and social abilities. -vision. -speech. -hearing.

physical and social abilities

If Carlo is coaching a mixed-gender softball team, the boys will MOST likely be better at: -catching the ball. -pitching faster and hitting the ball harder. -not striking out when up at bat. -knowing the rules of the game.

pitching faster and hitting the ball harder

Relational aggression among girls is MOST likely to _____ in inner-city elementary schools. -make for happiness -promote popularity -discourage popularity -make for unhappiness

promote popularity

Relational aggression among girls is MOST likely to _____ in inner-city elementary schools. -promote popularity -make for unhappiness -discourage popularity -make for happiness

promote popularity

Dante wants a cupcake, so he shoves Tom aside. Tom reacts by bopping Dante over the head. Tom is showing _____ aggression. -proactive -reactive -relational -indifferent

reactive

Which is NOT important in promoting student success? -Teach to students' different intelligences. -Rely heavily on IQ scores. -Believe that all students can succeed. -Assign students creative, challenging work.

rely heavily on IQ scores

When the first-grade boys wrestle and hit each other as they are in line for lunch, they are engaging in _____ play. -collaborative -fantasy -rough and tumble -exercise

rough and tumble

Which facet of language grows throughout a person's life? -syntactic abilities -inner speech -semantic abilities -phonemic articulation

semantic abilities

According to the text, children gravitate to friends who are: -popular and agreeable. -happy and live near each other. -good-looking and have a lot of money. -similar in interests and trustworthy.

similar in interests and trustworthy

Parenting demands are typically most intense in _____. -two-parent families -multigenerational households -blended families -single-parent families

single-parent families

Best friends in middle childhood: -support one another. -encourage prosocial behavior. -have diverse interests. -have different personalities.

support one another

Jalilo, age 4, is in preschool. According to Erikson, this child's MAIN challenge is to: -work for what she wants. -test her skills in the world. -inhibit her behavior. -form letters.

test her skills in the world

Fantasy play is: -a sign of emotional problems. -typical during early childhood. -typical during toddlerhood. -typical during elementary school.

typical during early childhood

Which force is NOT linked to a child developing an autism spectrum disorder? -environmental toxins -genetic predispositions -premature birth -vaccines

vaccines

Melisa has two children, ages 3 and 5. According to Erikson, Melisa should be encouraging her children to: -vigorously explore the world. -watch out for strangers. -obey adults. -learn to read and write.

vigorously explore the world

According to Erikson, a preschooler's challenge is to try new things; in elementary school, a child's challenge is to _____. -obey their parents -learn social skills -work hard to succeed -try new things

work hard to succeed

The Flynn effect refers to the: -worldwide decline in IQ performance over the previous century. -worldwide rise in IQ performance over the previous century. -worldwide stability in IQ performance over the previous century. -fact that children in collectivist cultures now have higher IQ scores than do children in individualistic societies.

worldwide rise in IQ performance over the previous century