Exam 2 chp. 4-7

chapter 7: Which of the following statements about algorithms is (are) true?

algorithms are a problem-solving strategy; involve a step-by-step problem-solving formula.

chapter 4: Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________.

an individuals airway becomes blocked during sleep

chapter 7: The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

chapter 6: By learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock when the two were paired together, sea snails demonstrate the process of:

classical conditioning

chapter 6:Last year, Dr. Frautschi cleaned Nancy's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of painful rabies vaccination shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Nancy currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?

classical conditioning

chapter 7: Parents of African American students filed a case against the state of California in 1979 because they believed the testing method used to identify students with learning disabilities________

was culturally unfair as the tests were normed and standardized using white children

Chapter 4: .Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?

homeostasis

chapter 6:What affect would a reinforcer have on a child's behavior?

it would increase the likelihood the behavior would be repeated

chapter 5:Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

just noticeable

chapter 5: Which term describes the perception of the body's movement through space?

kinesthenia

chapter 6:The use of physical punishment may:

lead to the suppression but not the forgetting of the undesirable behavior; demonstrate that aggression is a way of coping with problems; lead people to fear and avoid the punishing agent

chapter 5: At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ________ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ________ side of the brain.

left, right

chapter 7:Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

chapter 4: Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid?

methadone

chapter 5: Convergence Insufficiency is an ocular disorder that involves_________________.

motor cordination of the two eyes on near point tasks

chapter 4: Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________.

narcolepsy

chapter 6:Which of the following is the least likely to decrease a target behavior?

negative reinforcement

chapter 6:In Pavlov's experiment with the dog, before any conditioning occurred, the tone was a(an):

neutral stimulus

chapter 4:After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. He is 4 years old. This occurs in at about 90 minutes into his sleep. Which parasomnia does Omar have?

night terrors

chapter 7: An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

one piece of information versus all the information

chapter 4: Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify?

psychological dependence

chapter 5: Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater

rods

chapter 7: A(an) ________ is a mental construct (or box) consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts

schema

chapter 7:Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

chapter 5: Which of the following exemplifies olfaction?

smelling cookies in the oven

chapter 6:Micah is extremely afraid of rats, but not afraid of hamsters or gerbils. This phenomenon is called

stimulus discrimination

chapter 5: Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

chapter 6: A reinforcer, even a negative reinforcer, is a consequence that maintains or increases a target behavior

true

chapter 7:Concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

true

chapter 5: What is a binaural cue?

two-eared cue to localize sound

chapter 6:In Pavlov's experiment with the dog, the dog's salivation triggered by the taste of food by itself was a(n):

unconditioned response

chapter 6: Conditioned means:

"learned" as in "learned" response is the same as "conditioned" response

chapter 4: Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.

REM

chapter 6:. Which of the following is the best example of a secondary reinforcer?

being paid money for work

chapter 4: Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

darkness; light

chapter 4:Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity.

depressant

chapter 7: Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.

experiences

chapter 6:After Pavlov had conditioned his dogs to salivate to the tone, he repeatedly presented the tone without presenting the food any more. As a result, __________________ occurred.

extinction

chapter 6: A positive reinforcer is a good thing that arrives before the target behavior.

false

chapter 6:According to lecture, classical conditioning is not very relevant to humans because it best describes simple animal earning. It really doesn't have anything to do with any learning important to humans.

false

chapter 6:In Pavlov's experiments on the salivary conditioning of dogs, the unconditioned stimulus was:

food (the presentation of food in the dog's mouth)

chapter 5: . Hertz is a measure of ________.

frequency

Chapter 4: Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?

freud

chapter 7:Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

chapter 7:Which refers to the idea that intelligence consists of a unitary factor?

g

chapter 5: Which field of psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure?

gestalt

chapter 7: After Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event and he knew it would happen even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies _______.

hindsight bias

chapter 5: Read the following two sentences. (1) Gre eng rass gr ow son themoun tain. (2) Green grass grows on the mountain. How does the principle of proximity explain why the second sentence makes sense immediately, but the first sentence does not?

we group letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between the letters, and we perceive words because there are spaces between each word.