exam 2 evolve & ati questions
A parent with two school-age children has just finished a family health assessment questionnaire. The parent asks the nurse why one of the questions asks whether there is a neighborhood playground. The nurse's best response would be: "Don't worry about it. We are going to talk about all this anyway." "It's important to good health to have adequate recreation resources." "We want to be able to report any dangerous playground equipment to the city." "We want to know what kind of neighborhood you're in so we can assess income."
"It's important to good health to have adequate recreation resources."
During a family nursing assessment, a parent questions whether God is punishing the family, because one of the children has just been diagnosed with leukemia. The most facilitative response by the nurse would be: "God is loving and doesn't punish people." "Tell me more about your family's spiritual beliefs." "That is not part of my religious belief system, so I don't know." "Why do you think your family needed to be punished?"
"Tell me more about your family's spiritual beliefs."
Analytic epidemiology differs from descriptive epidemiology because it searches for: "when" of disease patterns. "where" of disease patterns. "why" of disease patterns. "who" of disease patterns.
"why" of disease patterns.
Nurses in community health often use epidemiology because in the community it is often difficult to control the environment. Which of the following statements demonstrates an epidemiologic strategy for monitoring disease trends? a. A nurse in community health conducts an education class for clients newly diagnosed with diabetes. b. A nurse in community health investigates a breakout of whooping cough in a local middle school. c. A nurse in community health organizes a health fair at the community health center. d. A nurse in community health participates on a county school board that addresses student health issues.
A nurse in community health investigates a breakout of whooping cough in a local middle school.
The public health nurse is most likely to use what types of surveillance systems? Select all that apply. Active Passive Sentinel Syndronic
Active Passive
Finding resources to implement evidence-based practice (EBP) in community health will continue to be a challenge because of the emphasis on quality care, equal distribution of health care resources, and cost control. Which of the following would demonstrate a creative strategy to implementing EBP? Adopting quality indicators for evaluating websites claiming to contain EBP Avoiding the issue of community politics Creating the role of a knowledge manager Making decisions on behalf of the community
Adopting quality indicators for evaluating websites claiming to contain EBP
Evidence-based public health utilizes which of the following guidelines? Select all that apply. Decision making for the community served Application of program planning frameworks Judicious use of the Internet for use of evidence Conducting evaluations Disseminating what has been learned
Application of program planning frameworks Conducting evaluations Disseminating what has been learned
A nurse in community health in California has been working with a 6-year-old child that was rescued from a mudslide. The nurse will observe the child for which of the following stress effects? Select all that apply. Bed-wetting episodes Desire to return to school Fantasies of denial Increased playfulness with peers Thumb sucking
Bed-wetting episodes Fantasies of denial Thumb sucking
Which of the following social science theories is used by public health nursing to describe how environments and systems outside of the family influence the development of a child over time? Life-cycle theory Family developmental theory Family systems theory Bioecological systems theory
Bioecological systems theory
Which of the following tools are used in analytic epidemiology? Select all that apply. Cohort study Case-control study Cross-sectional study Clinical trials Community trials
Cohort study Case-control study Cross-sectional study
An elementary classroom of 28 students has had 13 children who have developed chicken pox over the last 3 weeks. What is the pattern of occurrence? Common source outbreak Point source outbreak Continuous source Mixed outbreak
Continuous source
The current-day definition of family refers to two or more individuals who depend on one another for emotional, physical, and/or financial support. Which of the following is the most important principle to support this broader definition? Families are defined by genetic ties. Family names are needed to confer status. Members of a family are self-defined. Traditional family functions have been redefined.
Members of a family are self-defined.
According to the Minnesota Model of Public Health interventions, what is the first step of surveillance for the public health nurse? Organize the data. Analyze the data. Interpret and disseminate the data. Determine if surveillance is appropriate.
Determine if surveillance is appropriate.
Which of the following best support the concept of community-oriented nursing practice? Select all that apply. Direct nursing care of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) Hospice home care for a terminally ill individual and family Nursing interventions to stop elder abuse Nutrition education programs for teenagers and their families Wound care for a homebound individual
Direct nursing care of individuals with tuberculosis (TB) Nursing interventions to stop elder abuse Nutrition education programs for teenagers and their families
Which of the following statements accurately describe the stress reaction phases a community may experience during a disaster response? Select all that apply. Disillusionment and reconstruction is most associated with response efforts. During the Heroic phase, there is overwhelming need for people to do whatever they can to help others survive the disaster. In the Honeymoon phase, survivors may be rejoicing in that their lives and the lives of loved ones have been spared. Disillusionment is the longest phase in the stress reaction process. The Disillusionment phase occurs after time elapses and people begin to notice that additional help and reinforcement may not be immediately forthcoming.
During the Heroic phase, there is overwhelming need for people to do whatever they can to help others survive the disaster. In the Honeymoon phase, survivors may be rejoicing in that their lives and the lives of loved ones have been spared. The Disillusionment phase occurs after time elapses and people begin to notice that additional help and reinforcement may not be immediately forthcoming.
There are many barriers that affect the actual implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in a nursing environment. Which statements reflect the most significant concerns of nurses in the community-focused setting? Select all that apply. EBP requires compliance by the client. EBP requires little support. EBP demands change. EBP questions long-standing nursing practice. Lack of resources
EBP requires compliance by the client. EBP questions long-standing nursing practice. Lack of resources
What are the core competencies of the nurse participating in surveillance and investigation activities? Select all that apply. Basic patient assessment skills Effective communication skills Ability to collaborate with community partners Advanced-practice nurse with secondary science degree Leadership and systems thinking
Effective communication skills Ability to collaborate with community partners Leadership and systems thinking
Following the attacks of 9/11, a nurse practitioner in a family clinic used opportunities at the clinic staff meetings to speak about her own feelings of loss and guilt. This strategy indicates that the nurse was aware of what phenomenon related to disasters? Anxiety Effects of stress on individuals Sense of urgency Scapegoating and blaming
Effects of stress on individuals
A community-oriented nurse convenes a support group for teenage mothers. The nurse understands that this strategy fosters cohesiveness among members and allows the members to learn from one another. What other benefit specific to group teaching will be achieved? Cultural sensitivity Efficiency in client service Learning of new skills Distraction-free surroundings
Efficiency in client service
What terms are used to describe healthy families? Select all that apply. Families with strengths Dysfunctional Functional families Resilient families Resistant families
Families with strengths Functional families Resilient families
Family health can be defined as a dynamic, changing, relative state of well-being that includes the biological, psychological, sociological, cultural, and spiritual factors of a family system. This family health approach would best include which of the following underlying principles? Select all that apply. Assessment of the individual's health does not determine the overall family system's health. Family functioning affects the health of individuals. Family system assessment specifically addresses the individual's health. The individual's health affects family functioning. Simultaneous assessment of individual family members and the family system as a whole is important to family health.
Family functioning affects the health of individuals. The individual's health affects family functioning. Simultaneous assessment of individual family members and the family system as a whole is important to family health.
Which of the following barriers are specific to the educator? Select all that apply. Fear of public speaking Low literacy Limited experience with the topic Lack of motivation Lack of experience with gaining participation
Fear of public speaking Limited experience with the topic Lack of experience with gaining participation
Which of the following statements are true regarding the health-related vulnerabilities of men? Select all that apply. More males die at birth. Fewer health services are emphasized for men. Men are less likely to be honest about their symptoms. More males die from suicide. Men do not participate in health care at the same level as women.
Fewer health services are emphasized for men. Men are less likely to be honest about their symptoms. Men do not participate in health care at the same level as women.
The family systems theory encourages nurses to view both the individual clients as participating members of a whole family. What is the major weakness of the systems framework? Views families from both a subsystem and a suprasystem approach. Defines the direction of interactions. Views the family as an agent of change. Focuses on the interaction of the family with other systems.
Focuses on the interaction of the family with other systems.
Which of the following factors has influenced the implementation of evidence-based practice in health care? Select all that apply. Increased expectations of consumers Advances in technology Nursing shortages Increases in lawsuits Implementation of electronic health records
Increased expectations of consumers Advances in technology Increases in lawsuits
Which educational method has been shown to be most effective in fostering treatment adherence? Internet-based education In-person counseling Telephone counseling Self-directed learning
Internet-based education
A nurse in community health is participating in a community service board strategic team that is currently assessing the community's strengths, the local public mental health system, the community's mental health status, and other variables. This best describes what strategic program planning model used today in the public health arena? Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEXPH) Health Evaluation Data Information System (HEDIS) Mobilizing for Action Through Planning and Partnership (MAPP) Planning Approach to Community Health (PATCH)
Mobilizing for Action Through Planning and Partnership (MAPP)
The hospital infection control practitioner reports new cases of tuberculosis to the public health department. Of what type of surveillance system is this an example? Passive Active Sentinel Special
Passive
The community health nurse is aware that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) adults are more likely to experience which of the following conditions? Cardiovascular disease Poor mental health Obesity Poverty
Poor mental health
What are the purposes of disease surveillance in public health? Select all that apply. Tries to identify terrorist attacks before they occur. Provides a means for nurses to monitor disease trends. Generates knowledge about disease or outbreak patterns. Allows the nurse to advocate for policy changes. Reduces morbidity and mortality and improves health through disease trend monitoring.
Provides a means for nurses to monitor disease trends. Generates knowledge about disease or outbreak patterns. Reduces morbidity and mortality and improves health through disease trend monitoring.
What is the purpose of using an algorithm in the surveillance process? Tells the nurse who to call in the event of an outbreak. Provides the nurse with a step by step plan to identify events needing investigation. Provides the nurse with a system for telephone triage in an outbreak. It is a visual reminder of the epidemiologic triangle.
Provides the nurse with a step by step plan to identify events needing investigation.
A home health nurse receives a referral to educate an older adult client with diabetes in proper foot care. The nurse's assessment of the client determines that the client has poor eyesight that may affect the client's ability to learn and perform certain skills. Which educational principle is being examined? Cognitive domain Events of instruction Principles of effective instruction Psychomotor domain
Psychomotor domain
Which of the following domains are used in evaluating the strength of evidence? Select all that apply. Quality Quantity Cost effectiveness Consistency Usefulness
Quality Quantity Consistency
In the event of a disaster, shelters are generally the responsibility of which of the following entities? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Public Health Service (PHS) Red Cross chapter
Red Cross chapter
A nurse in community health integrates new slides into a presentation that will be given to a local elementary school group regarding the techniques of proper hand washing. The new slides will repeat essential points during the presentation. This demonstrates the nurse's understanding of what principle? Repetition Integration Participation Sequencing
Repetition
A nurse in community health seeks a low-cost evaluation method to learn the perspectives of the largest number of persons regarding a proposed local safe haven program for unwanted infants. The best evaluation method to meet the criteria would be: community forums. focus groups. key informants. surveys.
community forums.
A nurse functioning in the role of a case manager performs which of the following functions in the care delivery process? Select all that apply. Risk analysis Data mapping Provision of illness care Epidemiologic investigation of unexpected illnesses Counseling and education
Risk analysis Data mapping Epidemiologic investigation of unexpected illnesses
Which of the following systems of surveillance is used to monitor trends in commonly occurring diseases? Active Passive Sentinel Syndronic
Sentinel
A nurse is conducting an in-service education session on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) updates for preventive services for a group of nurses in community health. The nurse would demonstrate the best understanding of the educational process by integrating which planning strategies? Select all that apply. Use of films Small group interaction Use of games Session timing Session space
Use of films Small group interaction Use of games Session timing Session space
Many families have financial resources that allow them to maintain themselves but limit the quality of their purchasing power. Food high in fat and calories may be affordable, whereas fresh fruits and vegetables may not be affordable. A federal program that attempts to promote healthier diets for vulnerable populations is: Medicaid. Medicare. Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
A nurse in community health is conducting an assessment on a family of four. During the course of the assessment, the nurse collects information about previous generations of the family and siblings. The results are used to create a diagram for the family that displays the family unit across generations. Further discussions occur regarding the patterns of health and illness that relate to biological health risks. The diagram is called: an ecomap. a family plan. a genogram. a risk plot.
a genogram.
A 3-year smoking cessation program for teens has just concluded. The type of evaluation the staff will conduct is: a formative evaluation. an informal evaluation. an ongoing evaluation. a summative evaluation.
a summative evaluation.
When applying evidence-based practice (EBP), community-oriented nurses are primarily obligated to ensure that evidence applied to practice is: acceptable to the community. contains cost and reduces legal liability. applied as a universal remedy. limited to research findings.
acceptable to the community.
The later years of life for many older adults mark a period of abruptly changing social dynamics over which the older adult has very little control. The nurse should understand that this phenomenon of later life challenges: adapting and coping responses. intellectual capacity. socioeconomic status. spiritual awareness.
adapting and coping responses.
A nurse coordinating care for undocumented minority workers with a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB) conducts a presentation before the local community health board to focus attention on the magnitude of the problem and its potential impact on the local community. The presentation stimulates the community to explore innovative solutions to increase screening for and treatment of TB cases. This scenario is an example of the relationship between: advocacy and case management. advocacy and continuity of care. care management and case management. care management and continuity of care.
advocacy and case management.
In applying the developmental theory, a family nurse determines the developmental stage of the family based on: age of the eldest child. family strengths. individual growth patterns. overall tasks of the family.
age of the eldest child.
A nurse in community health is planning to begin a class to help mothers returning to work better cope with the stresses of multiple roles. The nurse would most likely use: an andragogical approach. a behavioral approach. an operational approach. a pedagogical approach.
an andragogical approach.
The nurse in community health identifies an elder abuse problem related to caregiver stress among families. The nurse further identifies a lack of caregiver support services in the local community. The next step in the community-oriented nursing process would be to: analyze the community problem. establish priorities. establish goals and objectives. identify intervention activities.
analyze the community problem.
The nurse has just taught a client newly diagnosed with diabetes how to administer sliding-scale insulin. The most effective way to evaluate learning is to: provide an online test module. ask whether there are any questions. ask for a return demonstration. give a short paper-and-pencil quiz.
ask for a return demonstration.
When a community health nurse uses evidence-based practice (EBP) to evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based services, the nurse is addressing the core public health function of: assessment. assurance. policy development. research.
assurance.
A parent involved in conflict resolution with her teenager says, "I know that some of your friends stay out until midnight, but I think it is best if you are in at 10 o'clock." This statement, a behavior seen in conflict situations, is an example of: negotiation. cooperation. assertiveness. aggressiveness.
assertiveness.
A nurse doing a family assessment asks the client, "Have any of your blood relatives had mental illness?" The nurse is asking this question to: determine whether the family is stable. assess for biological risk factors. decide whether this family member needs medication. demonstrate open-mindedness about mental illness.
assess for biological risk factors.
A neighborhood association group has asked the local nurse in community health for a class on environmental hazards. The nurse in community health has seen good information in the community health text and thinks about getting permission to copy some of the information. The most important thing the nurse should do before using copies of this material is to: assess the literacy level of the group. see how many plan to attend. see whether the group is ready to learn. secure a good space for a group meeting.
assess the literacy level of the group.
When acting as a mediator, the nurse advocate would: choose a new health plan for a client with limited funds. assist new parents in communicating with their health plan regarding well-baby coverage. provide health education to teens who need knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases. set up a doctor's appointment for an illiterate adult.
assist new parents in communicating with their health plan regarding well-baby coverage.
A case manager is concerned that some of the clients at the neighborhood clinic are getting fewer services because of their financial situations. The case manager is confronting the ethical principle of: justice. veracity. deontology. beneficence.
beneficence.
The deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or other germs with the intent of causing illness or death is: event outbreak. chemical terrorism. biological terrorism. surveillance.
biological terrorism.
A community health nurse is working with an uninsured family with two children. The nurse assists the parents in applying for SCHIP benefits and securing an appointment for the children with a community pediatrician that participates in SCHIP. The intervention can best be described as: care management. case management. continuity of care. disease management.
case management.
A nurse in community health is invited to work with a coalition of churches to address safety concerns for children in the local community. The nurse provides training in problem-solving skills, manages conflict, facilitates the process, and provides expertise in interpreting data. This nurse has chosen the implementation role of: change agent. change partner. group leader. data collector.
change partner.
A school nurse is working with the Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) to improve the health status of preschool students in a lower socioeconomic urban community. Given the demographics of the community, the nurse is aware that this population is at greatest risk for: asthma. attention deficit disorder (ADD). childhood obesity. poisoning.
childhood obesity.
A nursing student prepares a treatment plan for a client that draws upon the student's understanding of pathophysiology and nursing practice theory learned in the student's coursework. This application of new information used in a different way demonstrates the educational principle of: affective domain. cognitive domain. events of instruction. principles of effective education.
cognitive domain.
In case management, it is unlikely that any single professional has the expertise, knowledge, or skills required to achieve success. The synergy produced by all involved parties (client, providers, payers, family/significant others, and community organizations) can result in successful outcomes. This statement relates to the sequential process of: collaboration. communication. cooperation. negotiation.
collaboration.
A nurse in community health contacts three individuals who have had sexual encounters with an individual recently diagnosed with syphilis. The concept basic to community-oriented nursing practice that is best described by this intervention is: community. community as client. individual as client. partnership.
community as client.
The major sources of information for program evaluation are: Select all that apply. community indexes. media reports. program clients. program providers. program records.
community indexes. program clients. program records.
A Hispanic outreach program works with the nurse in community health to train Hispanic health care workers in providing basic services and education within the local Hispanic community. The concept basic to community-oriented nursing practice that is best described by this intervention is: community. community client. community health. community partnerships.
community partnerships.
A nurse performing home hospice case management notes the increasing number of hospice clients that lack caregivers in the home environment. The nurse identifies the potential need for a hospice house facility to meet the needs of these clients. The case management process frequently reveals such larger picture issues as: Select all that apply. community cost concerns. community conflict-resolution skills. community satisfaction. community weaknesses in quality of services. community weaknesses in quantity of services.
community weaknesses in quality of services. community weaknesses in quantity of services.
Migrant workers and their families who reside in a specific mobile home park during the summer months would best be classified as a: community. group. setting of practice. target population.
community.
A government agency is conducting an audit of all active clients in the local hospice program to ensure that hospice criteria for care are being applied appropriately. The type of tool being used in this specific approach to quality assurance is: concurrent audit. outcome audit. retrospective audit. peer review.
concurrent audit.
The nurse engaging in formative program evaluation would most likely: conduct medical record audits for quality assurance. make a home visit before a client is discharged from the program. participate in new client evaluation. write policy for risk management.
conduct medical record audits for quality assurance.
A family nurse is working with a married couple that has decided to remain child-free. The nurse recognizes this decision as a: biological necessity. contemporary family function. religious belief decision. threat to family survival.
contemporary family function.
One specific approach to quality assurance is the use of Total Quality Management (TQM). A district public health department uses this approach and gives much attention to ensuring that studies are used to improve processes, remove management by objectives, and promote self-improvement. The major TQM guideline that would summarize these efforts would be: create, publish, and distribute aims and purposes. create a strong customer-oriented philosophy that is process-driven. eliminate barriers to pride of work/performance. understand the purpose of inspection.
create a strong customer-oriented philosophy that is process-driven.
A general approach to quality improvement where a qualified agent designates formal recognition to individuals or institutions that have met minimum standards of performance is best described as: accreditation. charter. credentialing. licensing.
credentialing.
The nurse who works in the community setting must ensure that the application of the best available evidence to improve practice is also: accessible and diverse. competent and compliant. culturally and financially appropriate. reasonable and deliverable in a timely fashion.
culturally and financially appropriate.
A breast cancer screening program screened 8000 women and discovered 35 women previously diagnosed with breast cancer and 20 women with no history of breast cancer diagnosed as a result of the screening. The prevalence proportion would reflect: a. current and past breast cancer events in this population of women. b. newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer in this population of women. c. past breast cancer events in this population of women. d. the population of women that had no evidence of breast cancer.
current and past breast cancer events in this population of women.
While conducting a community health assessment, a nurse in community health meets with local religious leaders to understand the values, norms, perceived needs, and influence structures within the community. This process of data collection can best be described as: data gathering. data generation. data interpretation. problem identification.
data generation.
Four months after the disaster of 9/11 at the Pentagon, a local EMS worker complained of extreme exhaustion. The veteran EMS worker also stated that the pace of work at the squad was too slow. The occupational health nurse that is assessing the EMS worker recognizes the symptoms of: anger. delayed stress reaction. inability to concentrate. insomnia.
delayed stress reaction.
A particular chronic health problem that is a serious public health challenge and results in health complications that double medical costs is: stroke. hypertension. diabetes. cardiovascular disease.
diabetes.
Local officials have requested a program evaluation of a comprehensive teen sex education program offered in the local schools in preparation for potential budget discussions. A nurse in community health conducts a program evaluation and determines that the teen pregnancy rate has gradually declined over the years that the program has been in place. The community is measuring the program's: efficiency. progress. relevance. sustainability.
efficiency.
A major evaluation source for a nurse to use to determine the effectiveness of a teen driver safety program is: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports. epidemiologic data. recent census data. voter registration records.
epidemiologic data.
The nurse in community health defines goals and measurable objectives during the planning phase of a community health intervention. This also marks the beginning of the: evaluation phase. implementation phase. needs assessment. problem analysis.
evaluation phase.
Elderly clients should be assessed for signs of abuse. The illegal use of a person for another person's profit is known as: neglect. incompetence. exploitation. self-determination.
exploitation.
The nurse in community health uses information about family structure, household composition, marriage, divorce, birth, death, adoption, and other family life events to forecast and predict stresses and developmental changes experienced by families and identify possible solutions to family challenges. This best describes the study of: family demographics. family functions. family health. family resilience.
family demographics.
The family nurse conducts the family nursing assessment with the family as a unit. Using a systematic process, family problems are identified and family strengths are emphasized as building blocks for interventions. Which of the following best completes the statement to demonstrate the importance of assessment to outcomes? Integrating the extended families: fosters equal family and provider commitment to success. facilitates outcomes-oriented family nursing research. decreases the need for nurse contact and intervention. removes barriers to needed services to achieve success.
fosters equal family and provider commitment to success.
A business executive develops symptoms of the flu 1 day after returning by air from a cross-Atlantic business trip that ran for 2 consecutive stressful 10-hour days. This individual's development of flu symptoms illustrates the relationship between: host and agent. host, agent, and environment. risk and causality. morbidity and disease.
host, agent, and environment.
The nurse in community health is meeting with staff to systematically plan for a new outreach program. Doing so helps them to: assess the needs of potential outreach clients. recognize the special needs of vulnerable people in the area. identify how the problems of similar programs will not be repeated. identify the resources and activities that will help them meet their program objectives.
identify the resources and activities that will help them meet their program objectives.
The Omaha System is a client classification system developed by the Visiting Nurses Association of Omaha, Nebraska, that has the potential to improve the delivery of care by: improving the description of care. minimizing the assessment required. predicting the outcome. decreasing the communication needs.
improving the description of care.
The recovery phase of a disaster can take a very long time. Nurses need to be aware that despite effective disaster preparedness and response efforts: environmental hazards are minimal. individuals must ultimately recover on their own. the government provides economic support. religious organizations must bear the burden of the community.
individuals must ultimately recover on their own.
The most common causes of preventable disease, disability, and death among children are: injuries and accidents. maintaining a healthful diet. physical activity. cardiovascular health.
injuries and accidents.
A traditional quality assurance program goal is to identify problems between the provider and client. Other goals of a traditional QA program are: Select all that apply. intervention in problem cases. peer review of all cases that are problematic. provide feedback regarding interactions between client and provider. provide documentation of interactions between client and provider.
intervention in problem cases. provide feedback regarding interactions between client and provider.
The Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990 requires that providers receiving Medicare and Medicaid funds give clients written information regarding: legal options for treatment choices in the event the person becomes incapacitated. patient rights. the cost of services. patient privacy.
legal options for treatment choices in the event the person becomes incapacitated.
Nurses often participate in field assessment teams during a disaster response. These assessments are crucial to best help: encourage good intentions of those giving aid. match available resources to the population's emergency needs. separate casualties and allocate treatment. provide compassion and dignity.
match available resources to the population's emergency needs.
A nurse in community health has determined that there is a need for a program for teenage fathers who want to learn about child care. The next step in the program management process would be to: conduct a survey to determine how many children the fathers have. determine whether the fathers have benefited from this type of program before. meet with community members to form a planning body. provide the fathers with community resources.
meet with community members to form a planning body.
A community health nurse involved in care management would most likely: develop, conduct, and evaluate health teaching programs in primary care. manage the staff at a free clinic. monitor the health status, resources, and outcomes for an aggregate. provide immunizations to migrant workers.
monitor the health status, resources, and outcomes for an aggregate.
One member of an older couple has just retired. This is considered a: developmental stage that will help the family with stress reduction. nonnormative event that will have psychological impact on the family. normative event and can increase the family's risk for illness. normative event and will have little effect on the family' well-being.
normative event and can increase the family's risk for illness.
A multidisciplinary quality assurance team has reviewed an organization's stated philosophy and objectives and developed a conceptual model for appraisal that integrates peer review and client satisfaction. The quality assurance program component that should be addressed next would be: action. process. structure. outcome.
outcome
A disease outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome has occurred and has spread over several countries outside the United States. This level of occurrence is said to be: hyperendemic. sporadic. epidemic. pandemic.
pandemic.
The problem of the working poor and uninsured places a major burden on the current health care system that affects those families and the community in general. Nurses in community health see this as a major: Select all that apply. behavioral issue. policy issue. health risk issue. social issue. nursing issue.
policy issue. health risk issue. social issue.
An underlying current throughout the special population groups with health disparities is: poverty. aging. minority groups. children.
poverty.
Clinical medicine and epidemiology differ from each other in the major aspect of: a. practice focus. b. health monitoring. c. determinants of health and disease. d. evaluation of interventions.
practice focus.
One of the basic concepts in epidemiology is the concept of risk. Risk refers to the: a. prevalence of an event occurring. b. probability that an event will occur within a specified time period. c. population most likely to develop a disease. d. rate of development of new cases.
probability that an event will occur within a specified time period.
The general approach to quality improvement known as licensure that grants control over who can enter into and who exists in a profession can best be described as a contract between the: consumers and the profession. legislature and the state board. profession and the state. public and the professional associations.
profession and the state.
A nurse educator who teaches at the local community college takes the time to read and understand her community's disaster plans and participates in community mock disasters as a leader of the triage team. The best description of the nurse's activities would be: ARC disaster training. community preparedness. personal preparedness. professional preparedness.
professional preparedness.
Nursing interventions and approaches for helping individuals and families to assume an active role in their care should focus on empowerment rather than on enabling. The underlying principle to empowerment is: client dominance. decreased competence. professional dominance. professional-client partnership.
professional-client partnership.
A nurse working with a Hispanic client explains the referral options available for the client to receive a mammogram. One option is free and has limited Spanish language resources. The other option has a nominal fee and comprehensive Spanish language resources. The nurse supports the client's decision to choose the provider that the client feels would best meet her needs. This advocacy role is best described as: intercessor. mediator. obstructer. promoter.
promoter.
A state health department wants to ensure that the local health departments are delivering quality client care and can demonstrate the degree of excellence attained. The principle that is best defined by this statement is: continuous quality improvement (CQI). quality assurance (QA). risk management. total quality management (TQM).
quality assurance (QA).
The gold standard of evidence gathering in evidence-based practice is: clinical knowledge and judgment. expert opinions. randomized clinical trials. theories of practice.
randomized clinical trials.
One reason that nursing may be slow in developing evidence-based practice (EBP) in the community setting may be the lack of understanding about the links between EBP and: evidence gathering. research design. research funding. research use.
research use.
The purpose of recordkeeping in public health agencies is to maintain complete information on clients served and the extent and quality of service provided to those clients. The records also provide information for education and research. Another important use of the records is to: determine raises for personnel. explain cost overruns. foster independence in clinical practice. resolve legal issues in malpractice suits.
resolve legal issues in malpractice suits.
A nurse in community health is working with a single parent of three children, ages 4, 6, and 8. The 6-year-old has cerebral palsy. The 4-year-old has asthma. The maternal grandmother lives with the family and has diabetes. The nurse understands the importance of working within the context of the existing family structure and community resources because families are: resistive to outside intervention or involvement. responsible for providing/managing the care of their members. unable to manage the stress of complex health needs. restricted in their ability to identify interventions.
responsible for providing/managing the care of their members.
A nurse in community health who teaches a client with asthma to recognize and avoid exposure to asthma triggers and assists the family in implementing specific protection strategies such as removing carpets and avoiding pets is intervening at the level of: a. assessment. b. primary prevention. c. secondary prevention. d. tertiary prevention.
secondary prevention.
A nurse is concerned about the accuracy of the PPD test in identifying cases of TB exposure for follow-up chest x-ray. The nurse's concern is addressing the validity measure of: reliability. sensitivity. specificity. variation.
sensitivity.
A nurse in community health decides to form a contract with a family. The contract states that the family will designate one night as a family night. The nurse is most likely using the contract to: make sure the family does what is expected. encourage the family to put plans in writing. let the family know that this is a legal agreement. shift the responsibility so that it becomes a shared effort.
shift the responsibility so that it becomes a shared effort.
The school nurse is interested in providing an anti-smoking program in a local middle school and is aware that programs are more effective for this age group when they focus on short-term versus long-term effects of smoking. Besides including health risks and cosmetic effects, the nurse should also consider: behavior modification techniques. effects on the environment. laws regarding tobacco sales to minors. social skills instruction to resist pressure to smoke.
social skills instruction to resist pressure to smoke.
The nurse in community health reviews the monthly and year-to-date health service use report for the local community to monitor trends as correlates of the community's health. The nurse is viewing community health through the dimension of: partnership. process. status. structure.
structure
A nurse in community health becomes aware that a teen smoking cessation program offered at the health department is a demonstration project. In evaluating this program, the nurse would be concerned with the program's: efficiency. impact. relevance. sustainability.
sustainability.
Given recent vaccine shortages for the flu, the local nurses in community health form a group to evaluate the process of scheduling and operating flu vaccination clinics in the community and review the community's complaints from the previous season. The activity best represents the principle of: total quality management (TQM) to achieve continuous quality improvement (CQI). quality assurance (QA) to achieve continuous quality improvement (CQI). risk management to achieve quality. continuous quality improvement (CQI) to achieve total quality management (TQM).
total quality management (TQM) to achieve continuous quality improvement (CQI).
A nurse in community health is conducting a parenting class for prospective parents that will focus on the development of new skills, identification of needed resources, planning, and other preparations for the arrival of a newborn. This intervention is addressing a potential risk associated with: biology. behavior. environment. transitions.
transitions.
Twenty people attended a church picnic the previous weekend. By Monday, four individuals exhibited symptoms of food poisoning. On Tuesday, the nurse in community health records the addition of two new cases. The incidence rate would be: a. two new cases divided by 16 at risk. b. two new cases divided by 20. c. six cases divided by 20. d. four cases divided by 16.
two new cases divided by 16 at risk.
The major factor that has increased the danger of natural disasters is: El Niño. geography. trade winds. urbanization.
urbanization.
To maintain effective disaster preparedness, nurses working in the community can play a critical role in providing an updated record of: immunizations. active tuberculosis (TB) cases. WIC enrollees. vulnerable populations.
vulnerable populations.
Two nurses in community health schedule a day to ride through a low-income community to better understand the community and what factors affect the health of that community. This direct data collection method is often referred to as: composite database. participant observation. secondary analysis. windshield survey.
windshield survey.