Exam 2 Final Review

The tension ventricles must develop to pump blood effectively against resistance in vascular system is known as what?

Afterload

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the respiratory conducting zone?

Alveoli

Which type of vessels are called "resistance vessels" because of their importance in regulating resistance of the systemic circulation?

Arterioles

The influx of which ions accounts for the plateau phase of cardiac contractile action potenials?

Calcium

Sphincters are located at the entrance of ______ to regulate perfusion at any given time

Capillary beds

Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver all branch from the _________.

Celiac trunk

The "lub" sound of the heartbeat, known as S1, represents what action of the cardiac cycle?

Closing of atrioventricular valves during ventricular systole

Which layer of the heart is continuous with the endothelial lining of blood vessels?

Endocardium

Which vein does not have an arterial counterpart?

Greater saphenous

Gas moves from an area of _____ partial pressure to an area of _______.

High ; low

What is one function of the conchae of the nasal cavity

Humidifying incoming air

Gas exchange which occurs at the level of the tissues is known as _______.

Internal respiration

If the partial pressure of CO2 is 40mmHg in alveoli and 45mmHg in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries, what happens to the CO2?

It diffuses into the alveoli

When volume of the thoracic cavity decreases what happens to air within the lungs

It is expelled

Which chamber initially receives blood from the pulmonary circuit?

Left atrium

Which region of the pharynx is only involved with respiration?

Nasopharnyx

So called "beta-blocker" drugs work by inhibiting which hormone from binding to beta receptors on the hearts surface to induce a faster heart rate?

Norepinephrine

Which of the following us unique to cardiac muscle cells?

Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity

Systolic pressure __________.

Represents arterial pressure resulting from ejection of blood from ventricular contraction

A section of the lung that receives is own tertiary bronchus is referred to as _______.

Respiratory segment

Which group of cardiac conduction cells is known as the "pacemaker of the heart"?

Sinoatrial node (SA)

An especially leaky type of capillary found in the liver and other tissues is called a _______.

Sinusoid capillary

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?

The ribs and sternum move upward

Which of the following best describes veins?

Thin walled, large lumen, low pressure, valves are present

What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

To remove pathogens and debris

Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Tricuspid

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which blood flows through the heart beginning with the vena cava?

Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

Which of the following statements is true?

all of the above are true (about ateries)

Which type of cell found in the heart possess specialized sodium channels which allow regular, slow leakage of sodium into the cell to initiate spontaneous depolarization?

cardiac conducting cells of the SA node

Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following

hemoglobin and oxygen

Which vessel collects blood from regions below the diaphragm to return it to the heart?

inferior vena cava

The coronary arteries branch off of the __________.

Ascending aorta

How does the majority of carbon dioxide travel throughout the bloodstream

Bicarbonate

In a healthy young adult what happens to the cardiac output when heart rate increases above 160 bpm?

CO decreases

Which of the following strictures is not found within the larynx

Conchae

An increase in volume leads to an _________ pressure.

Decrease in

Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to have a higher percentage of ______.

Elastic fibers

How does the oxygen binding affinity of fetal hemoglobin compare to that of adult hemoglobin

It is higher

The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________.

Left ventricle

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain?

Medulla oblongata

The fauces connects which of the following regions to the oropharynx

Oral cavity

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to depolarization of the atria?

P wave

The discreet location where heart sits is known as what?

Pericardial cavity

Which of the following types of receptors do not typically signal cardiac responses?

Photoreceptors

The _______ circulation picks up oxygen to cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.

Pulmonary

At which of the following locations in the body does oxygen have the highest partial pressure

Pulmonary capillaries

The dorsal aorta bifurcates into which vessels?

Superior and inferior vena cava

At any given point of time more than half of the body's blood is in which region of the circulatory system

Systemic veins

Which layer of a blood vessel wall consists of layers of smooth muscle supported by connective tissues?

Tunica media

OF the three types of cells found within alveolar tissue which is responsible for production of pulmonary surfactant

Type ll alveolar cells