Exam 2

For the following questions, match the characteristic or description with the class. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Amphibia B. Aves C. Chondrichthyes D. Mammalia E. Reptilia includes salamanders, frogs, and toads

A

Which of these are characteristics of all members of the Vertebrata during at least a portion of their development as individuals?

A)pharyngeal slits B)a dorsal hollow nerve cord c)post-anal tail A and B only ***A, B, and C

Structures that are made of keratin include which of the following? I. avian feathers II. reptilian scales III. mammalian hair

All

Which of the following are the only modern animals that may have descended directly from dinosaurs

Birds

Which of the following is formed from a matrix of collagen fibers embedded in a hard mineral substance?

Bone

For the following questions, match the characteristic or description with the class. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Amphibia B. Aves C. Chondrichthyes D. Mammalia E. Reptilia most members have a cartilaginous endoskeleton

C

Most birds and sharks have a common opening for the excretory system and the digestive tract called the________.

Cloaca

The main function of muscle tissue is ______.

Contraction

Earthworms, grasshoppers, and birds all have a

Crop

For the following questions, match the characteristic or description with the class. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Amphibia B. Aves C. Chondrichthyes D. Mammalia E. Reptilia three major groups: egg-laying, pouched, and placental

D

For the following questions, match the characteristic or description with the class. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Amphibia B. Aves C. Chondrichthyes D. Mammalia E. Reptilia includes snakes, turtles, and lizards

E

For the following questions, match the characteristic or description with the class. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. Amphibia B. Aves C. Chondrichthyes D. Mammalia E. Reptilia internal fertilization, amniotic egg, skin that resists drying, evolved in late Carboniferous

E

The sister group to the chordates is the

Echinoderms

If you gently bend your ear, and then let go, the shape of your ear will return because the cartilage of your ear contains_____.

Elastic fibers

You are looking through a microscope at a slide of animal tissue and see a single layer of flat, closely packed cells that cover a surface. This specific tissue is most likely __

Epitheal

After surgical removal of an infected gallbladder, a person must be especially careful to restrict dietary intake of

Fat

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes modern birds from other modern animals?

Feathers

The connection between structure and ________ is a basic concept of biology.

Function

Bony fishes (Osteichthyes) originally evolved

In freshwater environments

Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the lymph or bloodstream as

Monomers

The neural crest develops into the

Nerve cord

Which one of the following has a two-chambered heart?

Osteichthyes

The liquid part of the blood that consists of water, salts, and dissolved proteins is known as

Plasma

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a ___

Simple squamous epithelial

Which of these are amniotes

TURTLES

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction.

What do hagfishes and lampreys have in common with the extinct conodonts?

The jawless condition

Which of the following statements about the cells of the mucous membrane lining your air tubes is false?

They are stratified squamous epithelial cells.

The class Osteichthyes is characterized by

a bony endoskeleton, operculum, and swim bladder.

Which of the following items has a shape most like a squamous epithelial cell?

a fried egg

Which of the following is a type of connective tissue?

adipose tissue

Salivary amylase digests

carbohydrates

What is a distinctive feature of the class Chondrichthyes?

cartilaginous endoskeleton

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

chondrichthyans

Epithelial tissues

cover both external and internal body surfaces

The bile salts

emulsify fats in the duodenum.

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds?

endothermy

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, this requires the animals to have mechanisms for

enzymatic hydrolysis

Which of the following is a major category of animal tissue

epithelium

Which of the following is not a shared characteristic of all chordates?

four-chambered heart

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

gastric reflux.

Which is not characteristic of all mammals?

giving birth to live young (viviparous)

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials _____.

have some embryonic development outside the uterus

What is one characteristic that separates chordates from all other animals

hollow dorsal nerve cord

The cells that secrete acidic fluid in the stomach are

in the lumen of the stomach.

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells

initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach.

All types of muscle tissue have __

interactions between actin and myosin

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because ___

its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix

Which of the following organs is incorrectly paired with its function?

large intestinebile production

Stratified squamous epithelium is well-suited for

lining body surfaces subject to abrasion.

Which of the following is not a major activity of the stomach?

nutrient absorption

How are primates different from all other mammals?

opposable thumbs in many species

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the

pharynx

Connective tissues typically have ___

relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix

The amniote egg first evolved in which of the following groups?

reptiles

Ovoviviparous organisms

retain the fertilized eggs until they hatch.

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by ____

smooth muscle

The type of muscle tissue surrounding the intestines and blood vessels is

smooth muscle

In the digestive system, peristalsis is

smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the

stomach

Cardiac muscle cells are both

striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

the amnion

Connective tissue is different from the other major tissue types in that

the cells are sparsely scattered through a nonliving matrix.

Among mammals, it is generally true that

the epiglottis prevents swallowed food from entering the trachea.

A physiologist is a biologist who studies

the function of body parts.