Exam 2
Short-term effects of Marijuana
Dilation of blood vessels in the eyes, dry mouth, increased appetite, lowered blood pressure, and mild muscular weakness
True or False: Marijuana contains 50 to 70 percent more carcinogenic hydrocarbons than tobacco smoke, and because of the way it is smoked, the lungs have longer exposure to carcinogens.
True
True or False: Alcohol contributes to weight gain
True
True or False: College men are more likely to abuse prescription drugs than women.
True
True or False: It is almost impossible to assess the health impact of organic versus non-organic foods.
True
True or false: Humans can survive longer without food than without water.
True
True or false: Alcohol is considered a carcinogen
True
True or false: Disordered Gambling has cravings or highs similar to those experienced by drug users
True
True or false: Relapse is very common during the recovery process.
True
Codependents are often
Unaware that their behavior is supporting the addict
0.35% and up BAC leads to what psychological and physical effects:
Unconsciousness, coma, extremely slow heartbeat and respiration, unresponsiveness, probable death.
__________________ ______________ are the leading cause of death among 18- to 24-year-olds, and alcohol is the leading contributor to those deaths.
Unintentional injuries
Intolerance
When drugs combine to produce extremely uncomfortable reactions
Define Addiction:
When the individual eventually needs to consume the addictive substance or enact the behavior to feel normal.
Saturated fats
are fats that are unable to hold any more hydrogen in their chemical structure. -derived mostly from animal sources -solid @ room temp
Because women tend to have more body fat and less water in their tissues than men of the same weight, they will ___________________________________________________________________________
become more intoxicated after drinking the same amount of alcohol.
Despite differences among individuals, alcohol produces some general ________________
behavioral effects depending on the person's BAC.
Process addictions are
behaviors known to be addictive because they are mood altering.
Students believe that alcohol will make them feel ________________________________________________
better, less stressed, more sociable, and less self-conscious.
campus rape is linked to __________ _________ as well as sleep disruptions, vandalism, negative academic consequences, etc.
binge drinking
Concept of addiction as a disease process, is based in__________________
brain chemistry rather than moral failing, led to many advances
The purpose of Intervention is to
break down denial compassionately so that the person can see the addiction's destructive nature.
Calcium plays a vital role in
building strong bones and teeth and aiding muscle contraction, blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission, regulation of the heartbeat, and maintaining the fluid balance within cells.
Residential drug treatment programs
can be effective for those with more severe problems.
At least 43 chemicals in cigarette smoke are linked to development of _______
cancer
Folate helps fight against
cardiovascular disease
Proteins are major components of nearly every
cell
80% of alcohol diffuses by passing _______________
through the lining of the upper third of the small intestine.
define: drug inhalation
through the nose or mouth
define: drug inunction
through the skin
About 20% of alcohol diffuses ________________________________________________________.
through the stomach lining into the bloodstream.
define: drug suppositories
through the vagina or anus
Cocaine was initially used to _______________________________________________________.
treat addiction to alcohol or morphine
Outpatient behavioral drug treatment
encompasses a variety of programs for addicts who visit a clinic at regular intervals. -Most involve individual or group counseling.
A healthful diet provides the combination of
energy and nutrients needed to sustain proper functioning.
Fats are the most
energy-dense source of calories in the diet
True or false: e-cigs are safer
false
Women become addicted _________ with _____ alcohol.
faster, less
Carotenoids are
fat-soluble plant pigments with antioxidant properties
Vitamins can be either __________(vitamins A, D, E, and K) or ____________ (B-complex vitamins and vitamin C).
fat-soluble, water-soluble
Unsaturated fats are
fats that exclude hydrogen in their chemical structure. -derived mostly from plants -liquid @ room temp
Trans fats (trans fatty acids) are
fatty acids that are produced when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated to make them more solid.
Technology Addictions can be compensation for ____________________________________
feelings of loneliness, marital or work problems, a poor social life, or financial problems
The most common forms of tobacco available today are
filtered and nonfiltered cigarettes
Codependents are those who
find it hard to set healthy boundaries and often live in the chaotic, crisis-oriented mode occurring around addicts
For many addicts, recovery begins with a period of ___________ _________
formal treatment.
Define: Prescription
from a doctor
Fiber is found in
fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains
Carbohydrates
fuel for body cells
Carbohydrates play an important role in the
functioning of internal organs, the nervous system, and muscles.
Examples of simple sugars are the monosaccharides:
glucose and fructose.
Trends in Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking among College Students has _____ _____ since 1998.
gone down
High doses of over-the-counter Nonprescription medicine can cause ___________________________________________
hallucinations, bizarre sleep patterns, mood changes, and sometimes death.
The Dextromethorphan (DXM) in cold medicine can cause:
hallucinations, loss of motor control, and "out-of body" sensations
A food intolerance
happens when people who lack the digestive chemicals needed to break down certain substances eat those substances and suffer adverse effects.
Tobacco companies target children and teenagers with tobacco products that ________________
have candy, fruit, or alcohol flavorings.
Addictive behaviors are habits that _____________________________
have gotten out of control, resulting in negative effects on a person's health
Alcohol-related costs to society are estimated to be well over $223.5 billion annually for ______________
health insurance costs, criminal justice costs, treatment costs, and lost productivity.
Students who abuse Adderal and Ritalin say it _________________________________
helps them concentrate and study to increase alertness.
Nonsmokers can be affected by effects of ETS __________________
hours after they leave a smoky environment
Dehydration can cause serious problems within _______
hours.
Pseudoephedrine is being used to _____________________________________
illegally manufacture methamphetamine
When you quit smoking, your body ________________________
immediately starts to recover and repair the damage.
Marijuana is the most prevalent illegal drug detected in __________________________________
impaired drivers, fatally injured drivers, and motor vehicle crash victims.
Effects of Amphetamines ("uppers") in small doses:
improve alertness, lessen fatigue, generally elevates mood.
The most common way of smoking K2 was:
in a "joint," followed by hookah use.
Abuse of depressants,
including benzodiazepines, tranquilizers, barbiturates, and sedatives can result in seizures, respiratory depression, and decreased heart rate.
Small doses of Methamphetamine ________________________________________________
increase alertness and decrease appetite.
Define:Tolerance
phenomenon in which progressively larger doses of a drug or more intense involvement in a behaviour is needed to produce the desired effects.
Effects of Amphetamines ("uppers") in repeated use:
physical and psychological dependencies develop, sleep patterns change, heart rate and breathing and blood pressure increases, restlessness, anxiety, appetite suppression, vision problems
Define: Social Learning Theory
ppl learn behaviors by watching role models(parents, caregivers,and significant other);
High intakes of alcohol cause pyloric spasms that ___________________________
prevent the stomach contents from emptying.
Consumption of alcohol is the number one cause of ___________________________________________________________________
preventable death among college students.
Sleep Aids can cause _____________________________________
problems with the sleep cycle, weaken areas of the body, or induce narcolepsy
True or False: men and women with alcohol use disorders are 18 times more likely to report nonmedical use of prescription drugs than people who do not drink at all.
true
True or false: Alcohol affects the cardiovascular system long term
true
True or false: smoking during pregnancy doubles the risk of miscarriage.
true
true or false: Surgeon General has concluded that there is no safe level of exposure to Environmental Tobacco smoke (ETS)
true
true or false: 85 percent of smoke in a room comes from sidestream smoke
true
true or false: Carbon monoxide lingers in bloodstream five hours later
true
true or false: Established habits or cues trigger urge to smoke
true
true or false: Female smokers have an increased risk of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth.
true
true or false: More than 2 million Americans are compulsive or pathological gamblers
true
true or false: Pipes and hookahs are not safer.
true
true or false: Pipes and hookahs are particularly popular among college students.
true
true or false: Smokers spend one-third more time away from their jobs because of illness than nonsmokers
true
true or false: Smoking can cause male impotence.
true
true or false: dietary supplements are not regulated by the FDA
true
true or false: women, men are increasingly abusing steroids and over-exercising to attain an ideal frame
true
Alcohol proof in the United States is defined as
twice the percentage of alcohol by volume
Disaccharides are combinations of______________________________________________
two monosaccharides; lactose and maltose are disaccharides.
Complementary Proteins:
two or more incomplete protein sources that together provide adequate amounts of all the essential amino acids.
Native American rates of alcoholism are ________________________________________________
two to three times higher than the national average.
Nicotine reaches the brain________
via the bloodstream in seconds
irritation from from alcohol induces
vomiting
The body responds to a food allergy by
producing antibodies, trigger
Iron is necessary for
production of hemoglobin
Energy-containing nutrients are
proteins, carbohydrates, and fat
Define: Illicit (illegal)
psycho active drugs
About 2 million people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa use exercise to ______________________________________
purge instead of, or in addition to, self-induced vomiting
Alcohol is a key factor in many ____________________________
rapes and in domestic violence.
Marijuana substantially reduces a driver's ability to _________________________________________
react and make quick decisions. Users often fail to recognize their impairment.
Before recovery from drug addiction ______ of ___ ______________ is needed
recognition of the addiction
define: abstinence
refraining from the addictive behavior competely.
Carbonated beverages cause the pyloric valve to ___________________________________________
relax and empty the stomach contents more rapidly.
Students who abuse Vicodin, OxyContin, or Percocet say they do so to _______________________
relax or get high.
Proteins are called body builders because of their ________________________________
role in developing and repairing bone, muscle, skin, and red blood cells.
Fats make foods ________________________________________
taste better and carry fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K to the cells.
Those most vulnerable people to abuse OTC drugs are ___________________________________________
teenagers, young adults, and people over the age of 65
Prescription drug abuse is particularly common among ____________
teenagers.
Marijuana forestalls the loss of muscle mass associated with __ ____ ____________ __________.
the AIDS wasting syndrome
Define: THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)
the active ingredient in marijuana
Polysaccharides can also be stored in
the body's muscles and the liver as glycogen.When the body needs energy, it breaks glycogen down into glucose.
Inhibition
the effects of one drug are eliminated or reduced by the presence of another drug
Folate is
the form of vitamin B that is needed for DNA production in body cells.
Fiber is
the indigestible portion of plant foods that helps move foods through the digestive system, delays absorption of cholesterol and other nutrients, and softens stools by absorbing water.
Advertisements in woman's magazines imply that smoking is ___________________________
the key to financial success, independence, and social acceptance.
The more alcohol you consume, ___________________________________________________
the longer it takes to absorb it.
Nicotine is __________________
the most physically addictive of all psychoactive drugs
The pyloric valve controls
the release of stomach contents into the intestine.
Hookah smoking carries the same risk as smoking cigarettes and also ______________________________________
the risk of transmitting infectious diseases
Those mixed alcohol with energy drinks (AMEDS) also report not noticing _________________________________
the signs of intoxication
Generally, people who eat a balanced vegetarian diet
weigh less and have healthier cholesterol levels, fewer irregular bowel movements, and a lower risk of heart disease than do non-vegetarians.
2 types of Central nervous system depressants (sedative hypnotics)
-Barbiturates ("downers") -Sedatives or tranquilizers
Carcinogens in cigarettes that directly cause cancer
-Benzo(a)pyrene -Urethane
Tobacco adversely affects nearly every part of the body, including:
-Brain -Stomach -Mouth -Reproductive organs
Indirect approaches of Preventing Drug Abuse include
-Building young people's self-esteem -Improving their academic skills -Increasing their recreational opportunities
Symptoms that a money spender has crossed the line into addiction include:
-Buying more than one of the same item -Keeping items in the closet with the tags still attached -Repeatedly buying much more than the person needs or can afford -Hiding purchases from relatives and loved ones -Experiencing feelings of excitement when shopping
Smokeless tobacco include:
-Chewing tobacco -Dipping tobacco -Snuff
Examples of addictive behaviors
-Compulsive gambling -Compulsive exercising -Work addiction -Sex and love addiction -Compulsive buying or shopping -Internet addiction
Cardiovascular Disease related to smoking includes
-Coronary heart disease (CHD) -Atherosclerosis —plaque build up -Myocardial infarction -Stroke -Aortic aneurysm -Pulmonary heart disease
Environmental Tobacco smoke (ETS) effects include:
-Developed cough -headaches -nasal discomfort -eye irritation -breathlessness -sinus problems -worsoned allergies
Psychological risks for drug dependence:
-Difficulty in controlling impulses -Strong need for excitement, stimulation, automatic gratification -Feelings of rejection -Hostility -Aggression -Anxiety -Depression -Mental illness -Intoxication -Unexpected side effects -Unknown drug constituents -Risks associated with injection drug use -Legal consequences
Pharmacological treatments for alcoholism
-Disulfiram (Antabuse) -Naltrexone -Acamprosate (Campral)
Short-term effects of alcohol
-Drinking depresses the central nervous system (CNS). -Drinking leads to dehydration and headache. -Alcohol irritates the gastrointestinal system. -Excessive drinking can lead to a hangover.
Synergism
-Effects are multiplied -Expressed as 2 + 2 = 10 -Example: Alcohol and barbiturates
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to smoking
-Emphysema -Chronic bronchitis
What happens 1 year after quitting smoking
-Excess risk of coronary disease is half that of a smoker
People Use Drugs for:
-Experimenting -Escaping -Coping -Reliance -Social surroundings
Children in alcoholic dysfunctional families generally assume at least one of the following roles:
-Family hero -Scapegoat -Lost child -Mascot
Preventing of Drug Abuse include
-Governmental attempts -Anti-drug education programs -Indirect approaches -Direct approaches
Long Term Effects of Smoking on cardiovascular system:
-Increased risk of stroke -increased risk of heart disease, atherosclerosis
Alcohol abuse also leads to:
-Inflammation of the pancreas -Interference with immunity -Affects sleep -Blocked absorption of calcium
Direct approaches of Preventing Drug Abuse include
-Informing them about the adverse effects of drugs -Peer pressure resistance
What happens 10 years after quitting smoking
-Lung cancer death rate similar to that of nonsmokers -Precancerous cells are replaced -Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney and pancreas decreases.
What happens 5 years after quitting smoking
-Lungs cancer death rate for average former smoker (one pack a day) decreases by almost half.
What happens 48hr after quitting smoking
-Nerve endings start to regrowing -Ability to smell and taste is enhanced
The FDA allows five types of health-related claims on the packages of foods and dietary supplements:
-Nutrient content claims -Structure and function claims -Dietary guidance claims -Qualified health claims -Health claims
When people smoke reduced harm cigarettes they often:
-Often smoked more -Inhale up to 8 times as much tar -Less likely to quit
tips to get more nutritional bang for your buck:
-Order salads, but be careful about what you add to them. -Try baked fries. -Avoid giant sizes and refrain from ordering "extra." -Limit beverages and foods that are high in added sugars. -At least once per week, order a vegetable-based product instead of meat when you're eating fast food.
In Sexual Addiction:
-People confuse physical arousal with intimacy. -They feel nurtured not by the person with whom they have sex, but by the activity of sex itself. -Strongly debated within the research community as a real "addiction"
Types of Drugs:
-Prescription -Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs -Recreational -Herbal preparations -Illicit (illegal) -Commercial preparations
Drugs often abused include:
-Prescription medicines -Over-the-counter substances >Caffeine >Tobacco >Alcohol -Illegal substances
Who sets the recommended intakes for nutrients
-Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) >US Recommended Dietary Allowances (USRDAs) -Adequate Intake (AI) -Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) -Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)
Side stream smoke has Twice __________________; three times _____________________________________
-the tar and nicotine -the benzo(a)pyrene, carbon monoxide, and ammonia
Long-term effects of Marijuana
Respiratory damage
Common Cold Medicines include:
Robitussin, Vicks, Coricidin, and NyQuil
Biological or Disease Influences of addiction:
Runs in family
define: intoxication
The state of being mentally affected by a chemical (literally, a state of being poisoned)
Alcohol abuse:
The use of alcohol in a way that interferes with work,school, or personal relationships or that entails violations of the law.
True of False: Wine and beer are absorbed more slowly than distilled beverages.
True
True or Fale: Alcohol advertising and promotion target students.
True
True or False: Even a moderate dose alone impairs driving; but when marijuana is combined with alcohol, the two drugs synergize.
True
True or False: Marijuana use has risen in recent years.
True
EPA designated Environmental Tobacco smoke (ETS) as a ____ _ _____
Class A carcinogen
The USDA's CSCC stands for
Clean Seperate Cook Chill
Crack is made up of
Cocaine + Baking Soda & Water
Define Work Addiction:
Compulsive use of work and the work persona to fulfill needs of intimacy, power, and success
Alcoholism (alcohol dependence)
Condition in which personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe, and stopping alcohol use results in withdrawal symptoms
the signs of intoxication are
dizziness, fatigue, headache, and trouble walking
Menthol cigarettes have higher carbon monoxide concentrations than __ _____ _______
do regular cigarettes
Students who report mixing alcohol with energy drinks tend to __________
drink more
Most students are likely to drink in college, especially if ______________________________________________________________
drinking is approved of by parents and if they drank in high school.
Define: Substance addictions
drugs, alcohol, etc.
Abuse of stimulants can cause
elevated body temperature, irregular heart rate, cardiovascular system failure, and fatal seizures.
Effective interventions include
emphasizing care and concern for the addicted person, describing the behavior that is the cause for concern, expressing how the behavior affects the addict, and outlining specifically what you would like to see happen.
Environmental Influences of addiction:
peer pressure
Many alcoholics refer to themselves as ___________________ nthroughout their lifetime rather than "cured."
"recovering"
On average, compulsive spenders are $______ in debt.
$23,000
What happens 8hrs after quitting smoking
- Carbon monoxide level in blood drops to normal -Oxygen level in blood increases to normal
options for quitting smoking:
-"Cold-turkey" -Tapering -Changes to routines -Over-the-counter prescription products -Support from family and friends -Smoking cessation programs -Free telephone quit lines: 1-800-QUITNOW
Dietary supplements are products
--usually vitamins and minerals—taken by mouth and intended to supplement existing diets.
Main chemicals in cigarettes:
-Acetic acid -Acetone -arsenic -Ammonia -Butane -Cadmium -Carbon monoxide -DDT/dieldrin -Ethanol -Hexamine -Hydrogen cyanide -Methane -Methanol -Naphthalene -Nicotine -Stearic acid -Toluene
A healthful diet should be:
-Adequate -Moderate -Balanced -Varied -Nutrient dense
Support groups for alcoholism:
-Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) -Al-Anon, which helps adult relatives and friends of an alcoholic -Alateen, designed, for teens living with alcoholic parents -Women for Sobriety -Secular Organizations for Sobriety (SOS)
Drug users are from:
-All income and education levels -All ethnic groups -All ages
LSD effects
-Altered states of consciousness -Flashbacks
Poisonous substances in cigarettes
-Arsenic -Hydrogen cyanide
What happens 20 min after quitting smoking
-BP drops to normal -pulse rate drops to normal -Body temperature of hands and feet increase to normal
MyPlate encourages consumers to eat for health with three general areas of recommendation:
-Balance calories: >Enjoy your food, but eat less >Avoid oversized portions -Increase foods: >Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables >Make at least half your grains whole >Switch to fat-free or 1 percent milk -Reduce foods: >Compare sodium in foods such as soup, bread, and frozen meals >Drink water instead of sugary drinks
Long Term Effects of Smoking on the skin:
-stained fingers -excess wrinkling
APA definition of Abuse:
-Recurrent drug use, resulting in failure to fulfill major responsibilities -Drug use in situations that are physically hazardous -Drug-related legal problems -Drug use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems -Physical dependency may or may not present
Addictive behaviors include
-Reinforcement -Compulsion or Craving -Loss of Control -Escalation -Negative Consequences
Children exposed to ETS are more likely to have
-SIDS -Low-birth weight -Bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma -Reduced lung function -Middle-ear infections -Lung cancer -emphysema -chronic bronchitis later in life
Methods of use for Inhalants
-Sniffing -Snorting -"Bagging" -"Huffing"
Additional Health, Cosmetic, and Economic Concerns of smoking
-Ulcers and heartburn -Reproductive health problems -Dental diseases -Diminished physical senses -Injuries and accidents -Cosmetic concerns -Economic costs
Types of Inhalants
-Volatile solvents -Aerosols -Nitrites -Anesthetics
Antagonism
-Work at same receptor -Inhibition -Example: Alcohol making antibiotics not work
People who are more likely to try drugs:
-Young people are at a higher risk -Males (twice as likely) -Troubled adolescents -Thrill-seekers -Members of dysfunctional families -Members of peer groups that accept drug use -People who live in disadvantaged areas -Teen girls who date older boys
Long Term Effects of Smoking on the nervous system:
-addiction -nicotine cravings
smoking during pregnancy increases risks for:
-an ectopic pregnancy -premature birth -low birth weight -infant death -behavioral problems -long term impairments in growth --intellectual development
What happens 24hrs after quitting smoking
-chance of heart attack decreases
What happens 2weeks to 3 months after quitting smoking
-circulation improves -Walking becomes easier -Lung function increases up to 30%
Effects of Smoking on the heart and blood vessels:
-constricts blood vessels -Increases pulse and blood pressure
What happens 1 to 9 months after quitting smoking
-coughing, sinus, congestion, fatigue,shortness of breath decreases. -Cilia regrow in lungs, which increases ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, reduce infection. -Body's overall energy increases
Muscle dysmorphia (bigarexia) symptoms include :
-excessive weight lifting -excessive exercising -steroid or supplement abuse
The Immediate Effects of Smoking:
-excites or tranquilizes the nervous system -Inhibits formation of urine -Constricts blood vessels -Accelerates heart rate -Elevates blood pressure -Depresses hunger contractions -Dulls taste buds
Technology Addictions symptoms:
-general disregard for one's health -sleep deprivation -neglecting family and friends -lack of physical activity -euphoria when online -lower grades in school -poor job performance.
Long Term Effects of Smoking on the mouth
-increased risk of gum disease -increased risk of cancers of the oral cavity, throat, and larynx -stained teeth
Long Term Effects of Smoking on the reproductive system:
-increased risk of impotence,infertility -In pregnant women, increased risk of miscarriage stillbirth, and low birth weight babies
Long Term Effects of Smoking on the respiratory system:
-increased susceptibility to colds, flu, pneumonia, and asthma. -greatly increased risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and other lung diseases
Effects of Smoking on the endocrine system:
-increases blood sugar levels -increases production of adrenaline
Effects of Smoking on the nose and mouth:
-irritates throat and airways -Dulls senses of smell and taste -Increases mucus and phlegm
As of June 2010, federal law prohibited the use of terms such as "____" and "___" or "___" on packaging.
-light -mild -low
Effects of Smoking on the brain:
-lightheadedness -aroused mental state
Common diseases related to alcohol abuse:
-liver disease(most common) -Cirrhosis -Alcoholic hepatitis
Reasons Why College Students Smoke:
-reduce stress -social pressure -can't stop -social smoker -experiment -concentrate -control appetite
Effects of Central nervous system depressants (sedative hypnotics)
-reduces anxiety -mental calmness -promotes sleep or drowsiness
Medical uses of Central nervous system depressants (sedative hypnotics)
-relieving tension and inducing relaxation and sleep -panic attacks -alcohol withdrawal -muscular strain -tension
K2 is used by nearly______________ college students and is more commonly used by males and first- and second-year college students.
1 in 10
Approximately ___ of ___ crash deaths, or nearly 11,000 fatalities each year, are alcohol-related.
1 of 3
__________ college students die each year due to alcohol-related unintentional injuries.
1,825
7 symptoms of Substance Dependence:
1. Developing tolerance to the substance 2. Experiencing withdrawal 3. Taking in larger amounts 4. Expressing a persistent desire to cut down 5. Spending great deal of time getting, using, or recovering from the substance 6. Giving up or reducing important activities 7. Continual usage despite the knowledge of a problem
Signs of impending problems with Alcohol:
1.Drinking alone or secretively 2. Using alcohol deliberately and repeatedly to perform or get through difficult situations 3. Feeling uncomfortable on occasions when alcohol is not available 4. Escalating alcohol consumption beyond an already established drinking pattern 5. Consuming alcohol heavily in risky situations, such as before driving 6. Getting drunk regularly or more frequently than in the past 7. Drinking in the morning or at other unusual times
A Standard drink is
14 grams of pure alcohol.
Average age for starting smokers and smokeless tobacco users is ____
15
____ _______________ people over the age of 12 (6.2%) report abusing controlled prescription drugs
15.2 million
The suicide rate for Disordered Gambling is ________
20 times higher than that of general population
Cigars contain ____ poisons and ___ carcinogens
23 poisons and 43 carcinogens
Smokers are __ _____ _____ to suffer from some form of sexual impotence, which may indicate oncoming cardiovascular disease.
2x more likely
Over half of alcoholics relapse within the first ___ months of treatment.
3
Cigar smoke contains up to__times more carbon dioxide then cigarettes.
30
How many calories are in a pound?
3500
An estimated__________ infants in the United States are affected by FASDs each year.
40,000
Carbon monoxide concentrations in cigarettes are ____ ____ _____ than is considered safe in industrial workplaces
400 times greater
Unfiltered cigarettes=
5 billion particles per cubic MM
An estimated ____________ of Internet users will likely experience Internet addiction
5 to 10%
Binge drinking corresponds to consuming _____ or more drinks (adult male) or______ or more drinks (adult female) in 2 hours.
5, 4
The body is made up of ____________ water by weight.
50 to 70 percent
Consequently, 100-proof whiskey contains ______% alcohol by volume; 86-proof whiskey contains _____% alcohol.
50%, 43%
Unfiltered cigarettes are ______ times more than smoggy urban air
50,000
There is nearly _____ added chemicals in cigarettes
600
___ million Americans currently smoke
69.6
No more than _________ percent of your total calories should come from saturated fat, and no more than ____ percent should come from all forms of fat.
7 to 10, 35
Males who smoke before age 15 and continue to smoke are half as likely to live to ___ versus those who did not smoke
75
Define Psychoactive Drugs:
A drug which alters a person's experiences or consciousness - can cause intoxication
Define: Amphetamines ("uppers")
A large and varied group of synthetic agents that stimulate the central nervous system.
Binge drinking
A pattern of drinking alcohol that brings BAC to 0.08 gram-percent or above;
Define: Withdrawal
A series of temporary physical and biopsychosocial symptoms that occurs when an addict abruptly abstains from an addictive chemical or behaviour
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol):
Addictive drug produced by fermentation that is the intoxicating substance in alcoholic beverages.
___________ use plays a significant role in the types of injuries people experience.
Alcohol
delirium tremens (DTs)
Alcohol withdrawal can result in confusion, delusions, agitated behavior, and hallucinations.
2 examples of 12-step programs
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) & Narcotics Anonymous (NA).
Effects of Hallucinogens:
Altered states of consciousness, perceptions, feelings and thoughts
Define:Process addictions
Behaviors such as disordered gambling, compulsive buying, compulsive internet or technology use, work addiction, compulsive exercise, and sexual addiction that are known to be addictive because they are mood altering.
Define: Nuerotransmitters
Biochemical messengers that exert their influence at specific receptor sites on nerve cells
BAC stands for
Blood alcohol concentration
0.15-0.24% BAC leads to what psychological and physical effects:
Blurred vision, lack of motor skills, sedation, slowed reactions, difficulty standing and walking, passing out
Caffeine is considered a ________ ____________ _______ ___________
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Opioids (narcotics) can be ________ or __________.
Natural or synthetic
Common Sleep Aids include:
Excedrin PM, Sominex, Unisom, and Tylenol PM
Cocarcinogens in cigarettes that combine with other chemicals to cause cancer
Formaldehyde
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) -
Help carry cholesterol out of the body
0.25-0.34% BAC leads to what psychological and physical effects:
Impaired consciousness, disorientation, loss of motor function, severly impaired or no reflexes, impaired circulation and respiration, uncontrolled urination, slurred speech, possible death
College Students and Prescription Drug Abuse ________________ dramatically over the past decade
Increased
Effects of Smoking on the lungs:
Increases respiratory rate
Effects of Smoking on the muscles:
Induces fatigue
Methods of administrating opioids:
Injection, snorting, sniffing, or smoking
Forms of drug injection:
Intravenous—...... Intramuscular— Subcutaneous—
Synthetic Marijuana is also known as:
K2 or "Spice"
Enablers
Knowingly or unknowingly protect addicts from the consequences of their behavior
Trans fats increase
LDL cholesterol levels while decreasing HDL cholesterol levels.
Inhalants Effects
Nearly all inhalants produce effects similar to those of anesthetics, which slow down body functions
<0.01% BAC leads to what psychological and physical effects:
Negligible
Hallucinogens include:
LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, STP, DMT, MDMA, ketamine, PCP (angel dust), and certain mushrooms
0.05 - 0.07% BAC leads to what psychological and physical effects:
Lowered alertness, impaired judgment, lowered inhibitions, exaggerated behaviour, loss of small-muscle control
Define: Commercial preparations
Made @ home
The most common foodborne illness is
Norovirus(contact with vomit or stool.
Artificial colors:
Nutrient additives, flavor enhancers, and fortifying agents such as folic acid and flavorings such as MSG.
Routes of drug administration:
Oral Injection Inhalation Inunction Suppositories
Long term use of Central Nervous System Stimulants is associated with _____________________________.
Paranoia and tolerance
Antioxidants
Preservatives of color and flavor (vitamins C and E)
What must exist to qualify a person as an addict?
Psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms
Uses for Marijuana
Severe anxiety, panic, paranoia, and psychosis
0.01 - 0.04% BAC leads to what psychological and physical effects:
Slight muscle relaxation, mild euphoria, slight body warmth, increased sociability and talkativeness
Central nervous system depressants (sedative hypnotics)
Slow down the overall activity of the CNS
0.08-0.14% BAC leads to what psychological and physical effects:
Slowed reaction time, poor muscle coordination, short-term memory loss, judgment impaired, inability to focus.
Cocaine can be
Snorted or Injected
Central Nervous System Stimulants
Speed up the activity of the nervous or muscular system
main types of complex carbohydrates.
Starches, glycogen, and fiber
Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) -
Sticks to walls
Additives:
Stuff added to food.
Effects of Smoking on the stomach:
Suppresses appetite
Polydrug Use
Taking several substances simultaneously
affects on the absorption of alcohol.
The concentration of the alcohol is dependent on; quantity consumed; amount of food in stomach; pylorospasm (spasm of the pyloric valve in the digestive system); your metabolism, weight, and BMI; and your mood
Define: Nutrients
The constituents of food that sustain humans physiologically: water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals
Define: Detoxification
The early abstinence period during which an addict adjusts physically and cognitively to being free from the influence of the addiction.
Define: Appetite
The learned desire to eat; normally accompanies hunger but is more psychological than physiological.
Define: Hunger
The physiological impulse to seek food.
Define: Intervention
The planned process of confrontation by people who are important to the addict, including spouses, parents, children, bosses, and friends
Distillation:
The process in which alcohol vapors are condensed and mixed with water to make hard liquor.
Define: Fermentation
The process whereby yeast organisms break down plant sugars to yield ethanol.
Define: Nutrition
The science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of foods eaten.
Sulfites
These preserve vegetable color.
Cross-tolerance
Tolerance for one drug creates a similar reaction to another drug
The most common form of fat circulating in the blood is
Triglycerides (95%)
The %DV is calculated based on
a 2,000 calorie per day diet.
Social smoking in college or only at other social occasions can lead to ____________________
a complete dependence on nicotine and thus to all the same health risks as smoking regularly.
Iron deficiency leads to anemia, which is
a condition resulting from the body's inability to produce hemoglobin.
Treatment and recovery for any addiction generally begin with _____________
abstinence
Cholesterol can
accumulate as plaque on the inner walls of arteries, making it a major cause of atherosclerosis.
The Biopsychosocial Model of Addiction proposes that __________________
addiction is caused not by a single influence, but by multiple biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors operating in complex interaction.
The 12-step program has become the most widely used approach to dealing with ___________________________
addictive or dysfunctional behaviors.
Examples of: Recreational addictions
alcohol and coffee
Women have half as much _________________ _________________________, the enzyme that breaks down alcohol in the stomach before it reaches the bloodstream and the brain, as men.
alcohol dehydrogenase
Alcohol, used either alone or in combination with other drugs, can lead to ______________________________________________________
alcohol poisoning (also known as acute alcohol intoxication).
A food allergy is
an overreaction by the body to normally harmless proteins, which are perceived as allergens.
Vitamins are
are essential organic compounds that promote growth and reproduction and help maintain life and health.
Signs of Work Addiction
disregard for personal nutrition, exercise, appearance, friends or family for work related matters
Marijuana reduces severe nausea and vomiting caused by ________________
chemotherapy
Work Addiction is especially hard on _____________
children and loved ones
Chronic use of marijuana results in:
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, oxygen-depleted blood supply, higher risk of testicular cancer, higher risk of mental health problems, and suppressed immune system.
Condensed particles in the cigarette produce a sticky, brown mass called _________ ______
cigarette tar
Women alcoholics have greater risks for
cirrhosis; excessive memory loss and shrinkage of the brain; heart disease; and cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, and colon than do male alcoholics
Most foodborne illnesses are caused by
common bacteria and viruses.
Starches are an example of a ____________ ____________ group and come from many sources such as flour, pasta, rice, corn, and potatoes.
complex carbohydrate
Compulsive spending often leads to _________________________
compulsive borrowing to help support addiction.
Some of the most popular functional foods today are items __________________________________________
containing antioxidants or other phytochemicals.
Large doses of Methamphetamine can lead to ________________________________
convulsions, hallucinations, and death.
Folate is important during fetal development because
deficiencies during pregnancy can result in spina bifida, a birth defect.
Signs of foodborne illness vary but may include
diarrhea, nausea, cramping, and vomiting.
The Anesthetizing effect of menthol means smokers _____________________________________________
inhale more deeply and hold smoke longer in the lungs
Minerals are
inorganic indestructible elements that aid physiological processes.
Central Nervous System Stimulants produce immediate,_______________________________
intense effects and have high risk of sudden death
Food irradiation
involves treating foods with waves of energy that damage microorganisms.
Alcohol ____________ the digestive system.
irritates
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
is associated with alcohol consumption during the first trimester, which may affect organ development; alcohol consumed during the last trimester may affect CNS development.
Psychological Factors of addiction:
it'll make things better
Calories are measured in __________
kilocalorie
Most nutrition labels use the word calorie to refer to
kilocalories
Proteins from plant sources are often incomplete in that they may ________________________________
lack one or two of the essential amino acids.
Diagnosis of Substance dependence includes:
least three or more symptoms during a 12-month period
The process of Food irradiation __________________
lengthens shelf life and prevents the spread of deadly microorganisms.
Trace minerals you need
less of
Abuse of opioids,, narcotics, and pain relievers can result in
life-threatening respiratory depression (reduced breathing).
Recovery from addiction is a __________ process, starting with treatment
lifelong
Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides, which are
long chains of monosaccharides.
Nicotine addiction leads to ____ of control as well as _______ and _______.
loss tolerance withdrawal
Asian American rates of alcoholism are __________________________________
lower than those of the other groups.
African Americans rates of drinking are __________________________________________________________
lower than those of white Americans, but those who do drink tend to drink heavily.
Antimicrobial agents
make foods less hospitable to microbes. ex:salt, sugar, and nitrates
Endorphins (opiate-like substances) are _________________________________
manufactured in the body and have many receptor sites.
Synthetic Marijuana mimics _______________________________________________
marijuana intoxication but with longer duration and poor detection on urine drug screens.
Latinos rates of alcohol abuse and alcoholism among ____________________________________________
men are high, though many Latinas abstain.
Addiction is classified under the names "substance abuse and substance dependence" by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) as a
mental disorder
Macro minerals you need
more of
Champagne and carbonated drinks are absorbed ________ ______________
more rapidly.
Marijuana reduces muscle pain and spasticity caused by______________
multiple sclerosis
Even moderate drinking can have negative effects on the ____________ _________
nervous system.
Define: Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
no prescription needed
Define: Herbal preparations
of plant origin
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) include:
olive, peanut, canola oil
Carbon monoxide displaces________ in red blood cells
oxygen
Alcohol influences one's ability to make good decisions about____ because it ______________ ____________
sex, lowers inhibitions.
two major types carbohydrates are:
simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.
define: Bidis
small hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes that produce three times more carbon monoxide and nicotine and five times more tar than conventional cigarettes.
define: Sidestream smoke (secondhand smoke)
smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar or exhaled by smokers
define: Mainstream smoke
smoke that is drawn through tobacco while inhaling.
Many college students identify themselves as "_____ ______."
social smokers
Alcoholics can be found at all _____________________________________________
socioeconomic levels and in all professions, ethnic groups, geographical locations, religions, and races.
A locavore is
someone who eats only food grown close to home.
Diet pills contain
stimulants such as caffeine or Hoodia gordonii
The babies of smoking women are at risk for _________________________
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), cleft palate, or cleft lip.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) include:
sunflower, corn, soybean oilds
Complex carbohydrates provide
sustained energy.
Organic foods and beverages are developed, grown, or raised without the use of
synthetic pesticides, chemicals, or hormones.
