Exam 2 study sheet
Reggie consumes approximately 3000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, he should limit his saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.
A. 300 B. 450 C. 100 D. 250 Answer: A
Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day.
A. 35 to 45 B. 20 to 35 C. 5 to 10 D. 10 to 20 Answer: B
The Nutrition Facts panel on a food package includes information about the amount of carbohydrates, including added sugars in a serving of the food.
True
The body stores glucose in the form of glycogen.
True
Which of the following persons is in a state of negative energy balance?
A. A 29-year old woman who has maintained her weight for six months. B. A 23-year-old man who lifts weights every other day and has a BMI of 24. C. A 22-year old man who consumes 1900 kcal/day and is losing weight. D. A 5-year-old girl who is healthy and physically active. Answer: C
Which of the following statements is true?
A. A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain. B. Fatty acids contain nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon. C. The omega end of a fatty acid molecule contains the acid group. D. A saturated fat has a triple bond between two carbons in the hydrocarbon chain. Answer: A
Which of the following statements is true?
A. According to the DSM-5, there are two main types of eating disorders that physicians can diagnose: bulimia and anorexia. B. Disordered eating practices are usually temporary and occur when the person is under stress. C. Binge-eating disorder is the most serious eating disorder, because 36% of people with the condition commit suicide. D. Young women are more likely to develop muscle dysmorphia than young men. Answer: B
Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?
A. Alpha-linolenic acid B. Stearic acid C. Oleic acid D. Palmitic acid Answer: A
Which of the following statements is true?
A. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. B. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. C. Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. D. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline. Answer: D
________ is the standard for evaluating body weight that reflects body weight adjusted for height.
A. Body mass index B. Relative adiposity index C. Waist circumference index D. Fat-to-lean index Answer: A
________ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.
A. Docosahexaenoic B. Linoleic C. Eicosapentaenoic D. Alpha-linolenic Answer: B
The body uses cholesterol to make vitamin ________.
A. E B. A C. D D. B-12 Answer: D
Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?
A. Eggs, fat-free milk, and corn oil B. Liver, apples, and cheese C. Corn, potatoes, and rice D. Peaches, safflower oil, and peanuts Answer: C
Which of the following structures stores triglycerides in the form of fat droplets?
A. Gallbladder B. Adipose cell C. Adrenal gland D. Ileum Answer: B
Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?
A. HDL B. Insoluble fiber C. Insulin D. LDL Answer: A
________ fat insulates the body and protects muscles and bones from bumps and bruises.
A. Intracellular B. Cellulite C. Subcutaneous D. Visceral Answer: C
Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?
A. Lignin B. Glycogen C. Starch D. Glucose Answer: D
Which of the following activities is an aspect of basal metabolism?
A. Maintaining an upright posture B. Building bone tissue C. Watching TV D. Digesting starches and sugars Answer: B
________ is the disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules.
A. Maltose B. Galactose C. Sucrose D. Hexose Answer: A
Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet. Which of the following foods should she add?
A. Margarine B. Red meats C. White bread D. Citrus fruits Answer: D
Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?
A. Raw apple slices B. Vanilla, low-fat ice cream C. Baked Russet potato D. Peanuts Answer: C
Which of the following behaviors is typical of sign someone who has disordered eating but not an eating disorder?
A. Regularly using laxatives lose weight B. Eating only apples and cooked pasta with grated cheese for several days C. Frequently making oneself vomit after meals D. Binge-eating daily for 4 months Answer: B
Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?
A. Soluble fiber B. High-fructose corn syrup C. Lactose D. Glucose Answer: A
What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?
A. Soluble fiber is in animal foods, whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods. B. Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water. C. Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans, whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. D. Soluble fiber can be digested by humans, whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested. Answer: B
________ acid is an essential fatty acid.
A. Stearic B. Lauric C. Linoleic D. Palmitic Answer: C
________ is the disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule.
A. Sucrose B. Maltose C. Hexose D. Lactose Answer: D
Which of the following statements about food labels is true?
A. The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars. B. Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel. C. Information about the grams of total carbohydrate in a serving of food is displayed on a food label. D. The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content. Answer: C
Glycogen is _______.
A. a simple sugar in grapes and honey B. a polysaccharide made by plants C. the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue D. the form of fat stored in fat cells Answer: C
The liver uses cholesterol to make ________.
A. bile B. fatty acids C. vitamin A D. water Answer: A
A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________.
A. essential fatty acid B. sterol C. phospholipid D. nutrino Answer: C
A chylomicron is a type of ________.
A. fatty acid B. lipoprotein C. sterol D. phospholipid Answer: B
Compared to an unsaturated fatty acid, a trans fatty acid ________.
A. has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight B. is comprised of glucose molecules C. contains no double bonds D. is less likely to undergo oxidation Answer: D
Ultra-processed foods may ________.
A. help with weight loss because they increase a person's metabolic rate B. help with weight loss because they are nutrient-dense C. contribute to weight gain because a person can easily eat too many kilocalories of these foods D. contribute to weight gain because they increase satiety Answer: C
The liver recycles bile salts to make new ________.
A. hemoglobin B. white blood cells C. bile D. glycogen Answer: C
To reduce her intake of added sugars, Isabelle should ______.
A. increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup B. consume more refined sources of carbohydrates C. consume energy drinks instead of coffee D. replace regular soft drinks with plain water Answer: D
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.
A. increases the production of salivary amylase B. enables glucose to enter muscle cells C. stimulates the gallbladder to secrete bile into the small intestine D. decreases the excretion of sodium ions from kidneys Answer: C
Jamie has a tumor that affects the functioning of her beta cells. Based on this information, Jamie's _______.
A. intestinal tract has difficulty digesting fatty foods B. blood glucose level is difficult to regulate C. nerves are more sensitive to pain stimuli D. lacteals absorb excess lipids Answer: B
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, cholesterol intake should be ________.
A. limited to no more than 500 mg/day B. between 300 and 600 mg/day C. limited to 2 eggs/day or 5 egg yolks/week D. kept as low as possible, while eating a healthy diet Answer: D
A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons. Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain are connected by single bonds, except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a ________ fatty acid.
A. monounsaturated B. polyunsaturated C. saturated D. hydroxytransylated Answer: B
Carey skips breakfast and eats only organic foods. Before exams, she avoids eating anything that is "alive" or "had a face" while it was alive. Her BMI is 21.6 and she seems to be healthy. Based on this information, Carey is at risk of developing ________.
A. muscle dysmorphia B. the female athlete triad C. an eating disorder D. diabulimia Answer: C
Max wants to limit the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should _______.
A. serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates B. replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks C. give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks D. encourage the child to consume more energy drinks Answer: C
Insulin ______.
A. stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy B. increases blood glucose levels after meals C. is released during fasting periods, such as between meals D. helps glucose enter cells Answer: D
In the body, fat ________.
A. stimulates the production of vitamins B. is used to make minerals C. is necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber D. provides energy Answer: D
Adipose cells ________.
A. transport cholesterol away from other cells B. secrete insulin C. store triglycerides D. metabolize glycogen Answer: C
People with night eating syndrome experience eating binges and purging activities that typically occur between 5 and 8 p.m.
False
"Fruit sugar" is the common name for galactose.
False
A BOD POD is a special device that measures how well an overfat body conducts electrical impulses.
False
Ghrelin is a hormone that reduces hunger.
False
Lactose intolerance is caused by eating foods that contain high amounts of sucrose and maltose.
False
Lipids present in foods interfere with fat soluble vitamin absorption.
False
Humans do not make intestinal enzymes that digest the dietary fiber cellulose.
True
Complex carbohydrates
cellulose glycogen insoluble fiber starch
Simple carbohydrates
lactose glucose fructose sucrose