EXAM 2 TEXAS GOV
jungle primary
A nominating process in which voters indicate their preferences by using a single ballot on which are printed the names and respective party labels of all persons seeking nomination. A candidate who receives more than 50% of the vote is elected; otherwise, a runoff between the top two candidates must be held
hard money
Campaign money donated directly to candidates or political parties and restricted in amount by federal law
campaign reform act
Enacted by the U.S. Congress and signed by President George W. Bush in 2002, this law restricts donations of "soft money" and "hard money" for election campaigns, but its effect has been limited by federal court decisions.
about a century
Texas was firmly a democratic state for..
canvass
To scrutinize the results of an election and then confirm and certify the vote tally for each candidate.
2002
Year republicans gained control of the Texas House of Representatives for the first time since Reconstruction
changes his permanent address to another country
a Texas citizen's status as a registered voter is suspended if he
send first-class mail to every postal patron in the state
a candidate who is seeking statewide office in Texas is most likely to
independent
a candidate who runs in a general election without party endorsement or selection
independent candidate
a candidate who runs in a general election without party endorsement or selection
precinct convention
a convention, held at the voting precinct level, to adopt resolutions and to select delegates & alternates to the party's country or senatorial district convention
creates a political action committee through which it may channel funds into political campaigns
a corporation wanting to give money to a candidate
voting center
a countywide voting system that allows voters to vote, after being electronically verified at any voting center in a county
platform
a document that sets forth a political party's position on issues such as income tax, school vouchers, or the environment
bilingual
a major requirement of the Voting Rights Act fo 1975 is that the ballots must be
direct primary
a nominating system that allows voters to participate directly in the selection of candidates to public office
third party
a party other than the democratic party or the republican party; sometimes called a "minor party" because of limited membership and voter support
may NOT vote in either the first or second Republican primary
a person who votes in the first Democratic primary
may sign an affidavit at the polling place after presenting proper photographic identification
a person who wants to vote & is qualified but CANNOT find his voter registration certificate
crossover voting
a practice whereby a person participates in the primary of one party, then votes for one or more candidates of another party in the general election
closed primary
a primary in which voters must declare their support for a party before they are permitted to participate in the selection of its candidates
polling, media ad, professional campaign consultants
a serious candidate for statewide office must have a large campaign budget to cover the cost of...
texas ethics commission
a state agency that enforces state standards for lobbyists and public officials, including registration of lobbyists and reporting of political campaign contributions
texas governor
a vacancy in which of the following offices is NOT filled in a special election
liberals
advocate government support in social and economic matters; they favor political reforms that extend democracy, achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth, and protect individual freedoms and rights
Libertatians
advocate minimal government intervention in both economic and social issues
conservatives
advocate minimal intervention by government in economic matters and who gives a high priority to reducing taxes and curbing public spending, while supporting a more active role for government in traditional social issues
1960s , LBJ
after national civil rights legislation was adopted in the ___ under the leadership of ___ democratic party identification of african americans strengthened
primary
an election conducted within the party to nominate candidates who will run for public office a subsequent general election
calhoun democrats
anti-houston faction referred to itself as
special elections
are called to vote on constitutional amendments and local bond issues, as well as fill interim vacancies in legislative & congressional districts
political parties
are chiefly concerned with the recruitment, nomination, and election of citizens to governmental office
rachel Kingsford is 58, an attorney, married, and has an income of $110,000
based on what you know, who is most likely to vote
email and social media
campaigns in the 21st century rely increasingly on ____ to communicate with voters
state executive committee
composed of a chair, vice chair, and two members from each senatorial district, this body is part of a party's permanent organization
county executive committee
composed of a party's precinct chairs and the elected county chair, the country executive committee conducts primaries & makes arrangements for holding county conventions
early voting
conducted at the county courthouse and selected polling places before the designated primary, special, or general election day
temporary party
consists of holding primaries & running conventions
150
despite women getting a later start in voting & holding public office in Texas, after 1990, the number of women elected to statewide office increased dramatically with women serving as mayors in about ___ cities & towns in Texas, including the top four in the population
general elections
determine which candidates will fill government offices
gerrymandering
drawing boundaries of a district, such as a state senatorial or representative district, to include or exclude certain groups of voters and thus affect election outcomes
county chair
elected by county party members in the primaries, this key party official heads the country executive committee
Republican William Clements
elected governor in 1978, he was the first republican governor of Texas since reconstruction
at large district
elected representatives who are elected from an entire entity, and not a single-member district
special election
election called by the governor to fill a vacancy or to vote on a proposed state constitutional amendment
off year
elections for governor and other statewide officers serving terms of four years are scheduled in the ____
state, country, and municipal governments as well as by special districts
electoral contests (primary, general elections) are public and are conducted, financed, and administered by ____
voting rights act of 1965
expanded the electorate and encouraged voting; it has been amended by Congress four times; banned use of literacy tests; provided early voting; absentee voting in texas; reduced residency requirements of no more than 30 days
runoff primary
held after the first primary to allow party members to choose a candidate from the first primary's top two vote-getters if no candidate received a majority vote
general election
held in november of even-numbered years to elect county, state, and federal officials from among candidates nominated in primaries or (for minor parties) in nominating conventions
poll-taxes, all white primaries, literacy tests and the grandfather clause
historically, many minorities were prevented from voting by one barrier after another such as...
political party
idealogical organization with the primary interest of controlling government by winning elections
runoff contest between the top two contestants
if NO candidate obtains a majority in a special election, a ____ must be conducted to determine a winner
35
in 2003, how many. women were representatives to the Texas legislature?
overwhelmingly vote democratic
in texas politics, african americans
permanent party organization
in texas, the precinct chairs, county and district executive committees, and the state executive committee form the permanent organization of a political party
super PAC
independent expenditure-only committees that may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, nonprofit organizations, and individuals
W. Lee O'Daniel
independent gubernatorial candidate Kinky Friedman has based his campaign on the style of former governor
motor-voter law
legislation requiring certain government offices to offer voter registration applications to clients
24th amendment
made poll taxes illegal in federal elections
dealignment
occurs when citizens have no allegiance to a political party and become independent voters
realignment
occurs when there is a major change in the support of political parties; was completed in the early 2000s when conservative Anglo Democrats switched their allegiance to the republican party
William Clements, Clayton Williams, and George W Bush Jr
of the following lists of candidates for texas governor during the past two decades, which contains only republicans?
November of the even numbered years between presidential elections
off-year or midterm elections are held in ____
election judge
official appointed by the county commissioners court to administer an election in a voting precinct
primaries
party functions that allow party members to select nominees to run against the candidates of opposing parties in a general election for national, state, and county offices
elections administrator
person appointed to supervise voter registration & voting for a county
1966
poll taxes in state elections were banned in ___ by the supreme court
party primary election
precinct chairs are selected by the
temporary party organization
primaries & conventions that function briefly to nominate candidates, pass resolutions, adopt a party platform, and select delegates to party conventions at higher levels
jackson democrats
pro-houston faction referred to itself as
after the civil war
republicans gained power during reconstruction and disenfranchised sympathizers of the confederacy
permanent party
role is to recruit candidates, devise strategies, raise funds, distribute candidate literature & information, register voters, & turn out voters on Election Day
majority-minority state
slightly more than half of Texas's total population is composed of latino and african americans, making it a ____
are most loyal to their party
straight-ticket voting is popular among those who
third party
success is measured not so much by winning elections but in creating public awareness of its issue which is why they have had very modest success in this state
liberals
tend to want less government regulation in the private lives of individuals
tend to emphasize reporting of contributions and expenditures by candidates
texas campaign finance laws
close primaries, where the voter signifies his party membership by voting in a primary
texas primary elections are, by law, classified as
fifteenth amendment
the amendment to the US constitution that prohibited the states from denying the vote to otherwise qualified persons on the grounds of race was the
voting precinct
the basic geographic area for conduction primaries & elections; Texas is divided into more than 8500 voting precincts
texas election code
the body of state law concerning parties, primaries, and elections
focusing on the horse-race aspect of campaigns, who seems to be leading or trailing
the broadcast media have been criticized for
1994
the election of ___ was the last one in which any Democrat won a statewide office
the nomination and election of candidates through primary, general, and special elections
the electoral process includes
texas being a one-party state
the history of the Texas political party system has tended toward
voter turnout
the percentage of voters casting a ballot in an election
social conservatism
the policy of less government regulation of the economy & more government involvement in social problems is known as
state convention
the state party chair is selected by the
pro-houston (sam houston) and anti-houston
the two factions that existed before Texas joined the union in 1845 (political parties had not yet fully developed)
is declining in percentage terms
turnout in Texas primary elections
democrats and republicans
two major political parties in Texas
soft money
unregulated political donations made to national political parties or independent expenditures on behalf of a candidate that is used to fund election activities but are not directional donated to a political campaign
straight-ticket voting
voting for all the candidates of one party
for general, primary, and special elections are drawn by the county commissioners court
voting precincts
EJ davis
was elected governor during reconstruction & presided over an unpopular administration in which he was accused of corruption, graft, and high taxation
reduction or elimination of the graduated income tax
which policy would a conservative support
