EXAM 2 TEXAS GOV

jungle primary

A nominating process in which voters indicate their preferences by using a single ballot on which are printed the names and respective party labels of all persons seeking nomination. A candidate who receives more than 50% of the vote is elected; otherwise, a runoff between the top two candidates must be held

hard money

Campaign money donated directly to candidates or political parties and restricted in amount by federal law

campaign reform act

Enacted by the U.S. Congress and signed by President George W. Bush in 2002, this law restricts donations of "soft money" and "hard money" for election campaigns, but its effect has been limited by federal court decisions.

about a century

Texas was firmly a democratic state for..

canvass

To scrutinize the results of an election and then confirm and certify the vote tally for each candidate.

2002

Year republicans gained control of the Texas House of Representatives for the first time since Reconstruction

changes his permanent address to another country

a Texas citizen's status as a registered voter is suspended if he

send first-class mail to every postal patron in the state

a candidate who is seeking statewide office in Texas is most likely to

independent

a candidate who runs in a general election without party endorsement or selection

independent candidate

a candidate who runs in a general election without party endorsement or selection

precinct convention

a convention, held at the voting precinct level, to adopt resolutions and to select delegates & alternates to the party's country or senatorial district convention

creates a political action committee through which it may channel funds into political campaigns

a corporation wanting to give money to a candidate

voting center

a countywide voting system that allows voters to vote, after being electronically verified at any voting center in a county

platform

a document that sets forth a political party's position on issues such as income tax, school vouchers, or the environment

bilingual

a major requirement of the Voting Rights Act fo 1975 is that the ballots must be

direct primary

a nominating system that allows voters to participate directly in the selection of candidates to public office

third party

a party other than the democratic party or the republican party; sometimes called a "minor party" because of limited membership and voter support

may NOT vote in either the first or second Republican primary

a person who votes in the first Democratic primary

may sign an affidavit at the polling place after presenting proper photographic identification

a person who wants to vote & is qualified but CANNOT find his voter registration certificate

crossover voting

a practice whereby a person participates in the primary of one party, then votes for one or more candidates of another party in the general election

closed primary

a primary in which voters must declare their support for a party before they are permitted to participate in the selection of its candidates

polling, media ad, professional campaign consultants

a serious candidate for statewide office must have a large campaign budget to cover the cost of...

texas ethics commission

a state agency that enforces state standards for lobbyists and public officials, including registration of lobbyists and reporting of political campaign contributions

texas governor

a vacancy in which of the following offices is NOT filled in a special election

liberals

advocate government support in social and economic matters; they favor political reforms that extend democracy, achieve a more equitable distribution of wealth, and protect individual freedoms and rights

Libertatians

advocate minimal government intervention in both economic and social issues

conservatives

advocate minimal intervention by government in economic matters and who gives a high priority to reducing taxes and curbing public spending, while supporting a more active role for government in traditional social issues

1960s , LBJ

after national civil rights legislation was adopted in the ___ under the leadership of ___ democratic party identification of african americans strengthened

primary

an election conducted within the party to nominate candidates who will run for public office a subsequent general election

calhoun democrats

anti-houston faction referred to itself as

special elections

are called to vote on constitutional amendments and local bond issues, as well as fill interim vacancies in legislative & congressional districts

political parties

are chiefly concerned with the recruitment, nomination, and election of citizens to governmental office

rachel Kingsford is 58, an attorney, married, and has an income of $110,000

based on what you know, who is most likely to vote

email and social media

campaigns in the 21st century rely increasingly on ____ to communicate with voters

state executive committee

composed of a chair, vice chair, and two members from each senatorial district, this body is part of a party's permanent organization

county executive committee

composed of a party's precinct chairs and the elected county chair, the country executive committee conducts primaries & makes arrangements for holding county conventions

early voting

conducted at the county courthouse and selected polling places before the designated primary, special, or general election day

temporary party

consists of holding primaries & running conventions

150

despite women getting a later start in voting & holding public office in Texas, after 1990, the number of women elected to statewide office increased dramatically with women serving as mayors in about ___ cities & towns in Texas, including the top four in the population

general elections

determine which candidates will fill government offices

gerrymandering

drawing boundaries of a district, such as a state senatorial or representative district, to include or exclude certain groups of voters and thus affect election outcomes

county chair

elected by county party members in the primaries, this key party official heads the country executive committee

Republican William Clements

elected governor in 1978, he was the first republican governor of Texas since reconstruction

at large district

elected representatives who are elected from an entire entity, and not a single-member district

special election

election called by the governor to fill a vacancy or to vote on a proposed state constitutional amendment

off year

elections for governor and other statewide officers serving terms of four years are scheduled in the ____

state, country, and municipal governments as well as by special districts

electoral contests (primary, general elections) are public and are conducted, financed, and administered by ____

voting rights act of 1965

expanded the electorate and encouraged voting; it has been amended by Congress four times; banned use of literacy tests; provided early voting; absentee voting in texas; reduced residency requirements of no more than 30 days

runoff primary

held after the first primary to allow party members to choose a candidate from the first primary's top two vote-getters if no candidate received a majority vote

general election

held in november of even-numbered years to elect county, state, and federal officials from among candidates nominated in primaries or (for minor parties) in nominating conventions

poll-taxes, all white primaries, literacy tests and the grandfather clause

historically, many minorities were prevented from voting by one barrier after another such as...

political party

idealogical organization with the primary interest of controlling government by winning elections

runoff contest between the top two contestants

if NO candidate obtains a majority in a special election, a ____ must be conducted to determine a winner

35

in 2003, how many. women were representatives to the Texas legislature?

overwhelmingly vote democratic

in texas politics, african americans

permanent party organization

in texas, the precinct chairs, county and district executive committees, and the state executive committee form the permanent organization of a political party

super PAC

independent expenditure-only committees that may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, nonprofit organizations, and individuals

W. Lee O'Daniel

independent gubernatorial candidate Kinky Friedman has based his campaign on the style of former governor

motor-voter law

legislation requiring certain government offices to offer voter registration applications to clients

24th amendment

made poll taxes illegal in federal elections

dealignment

occurs when citizens have no allegiance to a political party and become independent voters

realignment

occurs when there is a major change in the support of political parties; was completed in the early 2000s when conservative Anglo Democrats switched their allegiance to the republican party

William Clements, Clayton Williams, and George W Bush Jr

of the following lists of candidates for texas governor during the past two decades, which contains only republicans?

November of the even numbered years between presidential elections

off-year or midterm elections are held in ____

election judge

official appointed by the county commissioners court to administer an election in a voting precinct

primaries

party functions that allow party members to select nominees to run against the candidates of opposing parties in a general election for national, state, and county offices

elections administrator

person appointed to supervise voter registration & voting for a county

1966

poll taxes in state elections were banned in ___ by the supreme court

party primary election

precinct chairs are selected by the

temporary party organization

primaries & conventions that function briefly to nominate candidates, pass resolutions, adopt a party platform, and select delegates to party conventions at higher levels

jackson democrats

pro-houston faction referred to itself as

after the civil war

republicans gained power during reconstruction and disenfranchised sympathizers of the confederacy

permanent party

role is to recruit candidates, devise strategies, raise funds, distribute candidate literature & information, register voters, & turn out voters on Election Day

majority-minority state

slightly more than half of Texas's total population is composed of latino and african americans, making it a ____

are most loyal to their party

straight-ticket voting is popular among those who

third party

success is measured not so much by winning elections but in creating public awareness of its issue which is why they have had very modest success in this state

liberals

tend to want less government regulation in the private lives of individuals

tend to emphasize reporting of contributions and expenditures by candidates

texas campaign finance laws

close primaries, where the voter signifies his party membership by voting in a primary

texas primary elections are, by law, classified as

fifteenth amendment

the amendment to the US constitution that prohibited the states from denying the vote to otherwise qualified persons on the grounds of race was the

voting precinct

the basic geographic area for conduction primaries & elections; Texas is divided into more than 8500 voting precincts

texas election code

the body of state law concerning parties, primaries, and elections

focusing on the horse-race aspect of campaigns, who seems to be leading or trailing

the broadcast media have been criticized for

1994

the election of ___ was the last one in which any Democrat won a statewide office

the nomination and election of candidates through primary, general, and special elections

the electoral process includes

texas being a one-party state

the history of the Texas political party system has tended toward

voter turnout

the percentage of voters casting a ballot in an election

social conservatism

the policy of less government regulation of the economy & more government involvement in social problems is known as

state convention

the state party chair is selected by the

pro-houston (sam houston) and anti-houston

the two factions that existed before Texas joined the union in 1845 (political parties had not yet fully developed)

is declining in percentage terms

turnout in Texas primary elections

democrats and republicans

two major political parties in Texas

soft money

unregulated political donations made to national political parties or independent expenditures on behalf of a candidate that is used to fund election activities but are not directional donated to a political campaign

straight-ticket voting

voting for all the candidates of one party

for general, primary, and special elections are drawn by the county commissioners court

voting precincts

EJ davis

was elected governor during reconstruction & presided over an unpopular administration in which he was accused of corruption, graft, and high taxation

reduction or elimination of the graduated income tax

which policy would a conservative support